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Central Dysregulation Of The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis In Neuron-Specific Proopiomelanocortin-Deficient Mice, James L. Smart, Virgine Tolle, Veronica Otero-Corchon, Malcolm J. Low

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

No abstract provided.

Oxidized Derivatives Of Ω-3 Fatty Acids: Identification Of Ipf 3Α-Vi In Human Urine, John A. Lawson, Seongjin Kim, William S. Powell, Garret Gerald A. Fitzgerald, Joshua Rokach

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

Isoprostanes (iPs) are prostaglandin-like molecules derived from autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Urinary iP levels have been used as indices of in vivo lipid peroxidation. Thus far, it has only been possible to measure iPs derived from arachidonic acid in urine, because levels of iPs/neuroprostanes (nPs) derived from ω3-PUFAs have been found to be below detection limits of available assays. Because of the interest in ω3-PUFA dietary supplementation, we developed specific methods to measure nPF4α-VI and iPF3α-VI [derived from 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] using a combination of chemical synthesis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), andliquid chromatography tandem …

Periodic Boundary Condition Induced Breakdown Of The Equipartition Principle And Other Kinetic Effects Of Finite Sample Size In Classical Hard-Sphere Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Randall B. Shirts, Scott R. Burt, Aaron M. Johnson

Faculty Publications

We examine consequences of the non-Boltzmann nature of probability distributions for one-particle kinetic energy, momentum, and velocity for finite systems of classical hard spheres with constant total energy and nonidentical masses. By comparing two cases, reflecting walls (NVE or microcanonical ensemble) and periodic boundaries (NVEPG or molecular dynamics ensemble), we describe three consequences of the center-of-mass constraint in periodic boundary conditions: the equipartition theorem no longer holds for unequal masses, the ratio of the average relative velocity to the average velocity is increased by a factor of [N/(N–1)]^1/2, and the ratio of average collision energy to average kinetic energy is …

Nano-Chemistry, Erwin P. Enriquez

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Nanotechnology is a highly interdisciplinary field, with contributions from all fields: physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, engineering, and others. The explosive number of publications in this field makes it nearly impossible to give an extensive review even in chemistry alone. Nonetheless, one may track its emergence and rapid advancement from the point of view of a chemist's. This paper aims to provide a conceptual overview of chemistry for nanotechnology, a brief classification of different approaches and applications, together with some sample cases.

Acrosome Reaction Is Subfamily Specific In Sea Star Fertilization, Mia Nakachi, Hideaki Moriyama, Motonori Hoshi, Midori Matsumoto

Hideaki Moriyama Publications

In the fertilization process of sea stars, sperm is activated to go through the acrosome reaction before cell fusion. We focused on induction of the acrosome reaction as a key process in fertilization. Six species of sea stars were used in this study: Asterias amurensis, Asterias rubens, Asterias forbesi, Aphelasterias japonica, Distolasterias nipon, and Asterina pectinifera. Acrosome reaction assays indicate that the acrosome reaction can be induced across species within Asteriinae subfamily. However, cross-fertilization assays indicate that sea stars have species specificity in fertilization. Therefore, steps after the acrosome reaction are responsible for the …

Microfabrication And Evaluation Of Planar Thin-Film Microfluidic Devices, Bridget Ann Peeni

Theses and Dissertations

Over the past 15 years, research in the field of microfluidics has rapidly gained popularity. By seeking to miniaturize and automate separation-based analysis, microfluidic research seeks to improve current methods through decreased cost, analysis time, and sources of contamination. My work has focused on developing a novel fabrication method, based on standard microfabrication techniques, to create thin-film microfluidic devices. This microfabrication format makes it possible to generate devices that provide high efficiencies, enable mass fabrication, and provide a platform capable of integrating the microfluidic and electronic components necessary for a micro-total analysis system (μ-TAS). Device fabrication combines the processes of …

The Free Energy Of Dissociation Of Oligomeric Structure In Phycocyanin Is Not Linear With Denaturant, Katie L. Thoren, Katelyn B. Connell, Taylor E. Robinson, David D. Shellhamer, Margaret S. Tammaro, Yvonne Gindt

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Using SEC HPLC and fluorescence anisotropy, absorption spectra were assigned to the specific oligomeric structures found with phycocyanin. The absorption spectra were used to quantify the population of each oligomeric form of the protein as a function of both urea concentration and temperature. Phycocyanin hexamers dissociate to trimers with equilibrium constants of 10 -6 to 10-5. Phycocyanin trimers dissociate to monomers with equilibrium constants of 10-15 to 10-12. Both dissociation constants increase linearly with increasing urea concentration, and ΔG° values calculated from the equilibrium constants fit best with an exponential function. Our findings appear in contrast with the commonly used …

Chemistry & Biochemistry Newsletter, Department Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University

Chemistry & Biochemistry Newsletter: 2002-2015

Inside:

Page 2-3 Grad students attend International Summer School in Green Chemistry

Page 3 Alumni News

Page 4 Alum receives brigadier general stars

Page 5 New Grad Students

Page 6 Tanaka endows undergraduate scholarship; Midwest Seeds becomes internship partner

Page 7 The 2006/2007 Burris Lecturer leader in drug discovery

Page 8 New Faculty; Perfecting the formula for the future of SDSU chemistry

2004 Jeffress Research Grant Awards

Virginia Journal of Science

List of winners of the 2004 Jeffress Research Grant Awards.

Minutes: Council Meeting

Virginia Journal of Science

Minutes of the VAS Council meeting Friday May 26, 2006, 8 - 9:40 AM, at Skelton Conference Center Inn, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA. Minutes were edited for publication.

A New Colorimetric Assay For Methionyl Aminopeptidases: Examination Of The Binding Of A New Class Of Pseudopeptide Analog Inhibitors, Sanghamitra Mitra, Anna M. Dygas-Holz, Jiri Jiracek, Miroslava Zertova, Lenka Zakova, Richard C. Holz

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

A direct and convenient spectrophotometric assay has been developed for methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs). The method employs the hydrolysis of a substrate that is a methionyl analogue of p-nitroaniline (l-Met-p-NA), which releases the chromogenic product p-nitroaniline. This chromogenic product can be monitored continuously using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer set at 405 nm. The assay was tested with the type I MetAP from Escherichia coli (EcMetAP-I) and the type II MetAP from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfMetAP-II). Using l-Met-p-NA, the kinetic constants k_cat and K_m were determined for EcMetAP-I and PfMetAP-II …

Sequence-Specific Recognition And Cooperative Dimerization Of N-Terminal Aromatic Peptides In Aqueous Solution By A Synthetic Host, Lisa M. Heitmann, Alexander B. Taylor, P John Hart, Adam R. Urbach

Chemistry Faculty Research

This article describes the selective recognition and noncovalent dimerization of N-terminal aromatic peptides in aqueous solution by the synthetic host compound, cucurbit[8]uril (Q8). Q8 is known to bind two aromatic guests simultaneously and, in the presence of methyl viologen, to recognize N-terminal tryptophan over internal and C-terminal sequence isomers. Here, the binding of Q8 to aromatic peptides in the absence of methyl viologen was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The peptides studied were of sequence X-Gly-Gly, Gly-X-Gly, and Gly-Gly-X (X = Trp, Phe, Tyr, and His). Q8 selectively binds and dimerizes Trp-Gly-Gly …

Studies On Cyclooxygenase-1, Its Structure And Splice Variants, And Modulation Of Cyclooxygenase-2 By Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase And Novel Phytochemicals., Yibing Xu

Theses and Dissertations

Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are of important therapeutic value as they are the target site of aspirin-like drugs. Here I report nine new COX-1 splice variants in chapter 1, which I characterized with regard to heme-binding and other properties. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are co-inducible in many tissues following mitogenic and proinflammatory stimulation. In chapter 2, I investigate the physical and enzymatic properties of human COX-2 and iNOS and demonstrate that, despite reports to the contrary by another laboratory, they do not interact. The only reported COX-1 splice variant to exhibit cyclooxygenase activity has been isolated from …

Cleavage Of Phosphate Ester Bonds By Use Of Novel Group 13 Chelate Compounds, David A. Atwood

Chemistry Faculty Patents

A novel chemical compound has a general formula (LX)_nY wherein X is selected from a group consisting of a group 13 element other than boron, Y is selected from a group consisting of a halide, a chlorate, a sulfate and a nitrate and L is a chelating ligand containing two nitrogen and two oxygen donor groups where n=1 or 2.

Synthesis, Structure, Anion Binding, And Sensing By Calix[4]Pyrrole Isomers, Ryuhei Nishiyabu, Manuel A. Palacios, Wim Dehaen, Pavel Anzenbacher Jr.

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The synthesis, structure, and anion binding properties of chromogenic octamethylcalix[4] pyrroles (OMCPs) and their N-confused octamethylcalix[4] pyrrole isomers (NC-OMCPs) containing an inverted pyrrole ring connected via alpha'- and beta-positions are described. X-ray diffraction analyses proved the structures of two synthesized isomeric pairs of OMCPs and NC-OMCPs. The addition of anions to solutions of chromogenic OMCPs and NC-OMCPs resulted in different colors suggesting different anion-binding behaviors. The chromogenic NC-OMCPs showed significantly stronger anion-induced color changes compared to the corresponding chromogenic OMCP, and the absorption spectroscopy titrations indicated that chromogenic OMCPs and NC-OMCPs also possess different anion binding selectivity. Detailed NMR studies …

Tris(1,9-Diethyladeninium) Triiodide Diiodide, Elizabeth F. Day, Norman S. Dean, Andreas H. Franz

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

X-ray analysis of the title compound reveals three crystallographically distinct cations of 1,9-diethyl­adeninium, two iodide anions and one triiodide anion in the asymmetric unit, giving six residues and the formula 3C9H14N5+·I3-·2I-. Standard purine nomenclature is used to identify the atoms of each adenine moiety. Hydrogen bonding is observed between atoms N6 and N7 of a pair of cations [N...N = 2.885 (4)/2.902 (3) and 2.854 (3)/2.854 (3) Å], with additional hydrogen bonding to I- anions via the other N6 H atom [N...I = 3.708 (3), 3.738 (3) and 3.638 (3) Å]. The triiodide anion is not involved in hydrogen bonding. …

Significance Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) And Petroleum Biomarker Compounds In Contaminated Passaic River Sediments, Michael A. Kruge

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The lower Passaic River (northeastern New Jersey) flows through one of the most densely populated regions of the United States. The area’s long history of industrial activity is reflected in the complex and variable hydrocarbon composition of the river sediments. Sediments from river bottom grab samples at Newark and a 30 cm deep core at Kearny were subjected to thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). This technique offers a practical alternative for rapid, inexpensive analysis, simply employing milligram quantities of dry, disaggregated sediment, avoiding the use of hazardous organic solvents. For each sample, a total of 181 hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds …

Rnase L: Its Biological Roles And Regulation, Shu Ling Liang, David Quirk, Aimin Zhou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

2'-5'oligoadenylate-dependent ribonuclease L (RNase L) is one of the key enzymes involved in the function of interferons (IFNs), a family of cytokines participating in innate immunity against viruses and other microbial pathogens. Upon binding with its activator, 5'-phosphorylated, 2'-5' linked oligoadenylates (2-5A), RNase L degrades single-stranded viral and cellular RNAs and thus plays an important role in the antiviral and antiproliferative functions of IFNs. In recent years, evidence has revealed that RNase L displays a broad range of biological roles which are summarized in this review.

Tertiary Structural And Functional Analyses Of A Viroid Rna Motif By Isostericity Matrix And Mutagenesis Reveal Its Essential Role In Replication, Neocles B. Leontis, Xuehua Zhong, Shuiming Qian, Asuka Itaya, Yijun Qi, Kathleen Boris-Lawrie, Biao Ding

Chemistry Faculty Publications

RNA-templated RNA replication is essential for viral or viroid infection, as well as for regulation of cellular gene expression. Specific RNA motifs likely regulate various aspects of this replication. Viroids of the Pospiviroidae family, as represented by the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), replicate in the nucleus by utilizing DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II. We investigated the role of the loop E (sarcin/ricin) motif of the PSTVd genomic RNA in replication. A tertiary-structural model of this motif, inferred by comparative sequence analysis and comparison with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystal structures of loop E motifs in other RNAs, is presented …

Silica-Coated Lanthanum-Strontium Manganites For Hyperthermia Treatments, Vuk Uskoković, Aljoša Košak, Miha Drofenik

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

La_0.76Sr_0.24MnO_{3 + δ} particles, prepared by performing a traditional, solid-state method of synthesis, were coated by uniform layers of silica via initiating hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS in aqueous–alcoholic alkali environment. The eventually obtained samples exhibited Curie temperature at ∼40 °C, and comprised core-shell particles of ∼250 nm in diameter. By varying stoichiometric ratio of cations within manganite cores of the particles, Curie point of the resulting material can be varied too, thus opening a way for the simple design of biocompatible, temperature-self-regulating particles for application in hyperthermia treatments, with Curie point thereof adjusted to …

Introduction: Self-Organization In Nonequilibrium Chemical Systems, Irving R. Epstein, John A. Pojman, Oliver Steinbock

Faculty Publications

The field of self-organization in nonequilibrium chemical systems comprises the study of dynamical phenomena in chemically reacting systems far from equilibrium. Systematic exploration of this area began with investigations of the temporal behavior of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillating reaction, discovered accidentally in the former Soviet Union in the 1950s. The field soon advanced into chemical waves in excitable media and propagating fronts. With the systematic design of oscillating reactions in the 1980s and the discovery of Turing patterns in the 1990s, the scope of these studies expanded dramatically. The articles in this Focus Issue provide an overview of the development and …

List Of Publications: Robert Powers

Robert Powers Publications

Chronological list of 57 published articles and chapters in chemistry. Current through August 2006.

Detection Of Proteins By Two-Photon Excitation Of Native Fluorescence, Li Li

Theses and Dissertations

Proteins are of primary importance to the structure and function of all living cells. Study of proteins relies on the ability to separate a complex mixture so that individual proteins can be more easily processed by other techniques. Since protein samples often exist at low concentration in a small volume, the trend in chemical analysis is toward micro total analysis systems (µTAS) or lab-on-a-chip devices. Among µTAS separation methods, the relatively new electric field gradient focusing (EFGF) technique has shown potential. It focuses and separates analytes based on their electrophoretic migration in an opposing hydrodynamic flow. The detection principles that …

Hidden Markov Model Analysis Of Multichromophore Photobleaching, Troy C. Messina, Hiyun Kim, Jason T. Giurleo, David Talaga

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The interpretation of single-molecule measurements is greatly complicated by the presence of multiple fluorescent labels. However, many molecular systems of interest consist of multiple interacting components. We investigate this issue using multiply labeled dextran polymers that we intentionally photobleach to the background on a single-molecule basis. Hidden Markov models allow for unsupervised analysis of the data to determine the number of fluorescent subunits involved in the fluorescence intermittency of the 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine labels by counting the discrete steps in fluorescence intensity. The Bayes information criterion allows us to distinguish between hidden Markov models that differ by the number of states, that …

Reversed-Phase Hplc Determination Of Citral In Locally Grown Lemon Grass Harvested At Different Season., Mahmoud Al-Shaer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A simple HPLC procedure for the quantitative determination of citral, the major fragrant component in the lemon grass, has been developed. The procedure involves a C-8 stationary phase using a 90:10 methanol: water pH 5 mobile phase containing 0.25% 1-octanesulfonic acid and an UV detector (set at 233 nm). The lemon grass leaves were harvested fresh at different times of the year and were soaked in methanol for 48 hours without any mechanical assistance to extract the citral and other methanol soluble components. The method showed good reproducibility with relative standard deviation of 2.8% and 10.8% for two different sets …

Polyaniline And Its Derivatives For Environmental Analysis., Atogho Jude Abia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Electrooxidation has been used to deposit thin film polyaniline as well as its derivative - thin film poly (ortho-phenylenediamine) (POPD) and poly (meta-phenylenediamine) (PMPD) on carbon electrodes, which are subsequently used to monitor the environmental heavy metal ions (Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ ,Cd²⁺) through a rather unusual "blocking" of anodic stripping for these metals. Using Hg²⁺ as a model, its cyclic voltammogram for a modified glassy carbon electrode with the resultant polymer shows an enhanced cathodic peak that increases linearly with the analyte ion concentration. POPD also exhibits unique selective detection for organic species. Acetaminophen and …

Determination Of Cholesterol In Foods By Flow Injection Analysis With Perroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence., Abisake Feleke

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cholesterol is an important biological molecule with many important functions. However, high serum cholesterol is a health hazard. Thus analysis of cholesterol is important and many analytical techniques have been developed. The objectives of the proposed research are to develop an economical, rapid method for the determination of total cholesterol with good selectivity and enhanced sensitivity. For evaluation of proposed flow injection analysis with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (FIA-POCL) method, figures of merit such as accuracy, precision, and linear dynamic range will be assessed. The proposed procedure was then applied to the determination of total cholesterol in foods. The procedure was linear …

Information Theoretical Approach To Single-Molecule Experimental Design And Interpretation, David Talaga

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We use Shannon's definition of information to develop a theory to predict a photon-counting-based single-molecule experiment's ability to measure the desired property. We treat three phenomena that are commonly measured on single molecules: spectral fluctuations of a solvatochromic dye; assignment of the azimuthal dipole angle; determination of a distance by fluorescence resonant energy transfer using Förster's theory. We consider the effect of background and other "imperfections" on the measurement through the decrease in information.

Ferritin: Mechanistic Studies And Electron Transfer Properties, Bo Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

Ferritins are ubiquitous iron storage proteins in living systems. Although much is known about the iron deposition process in ferritin and a mechanism has been developed, several important issues still remain unknown. One lingering question is the less than stoichiometric quantities of hydrogen peroxide detected in previous studies on animal ferritins. Extensive experimental data on identifying the species in competition for peroxide equivalents point to a surprising conclusion that H2O2 generated in the ferroxidase reaction is consumed by amine buffers that are commonly employed in in vitro ferritin studies, while non-nitrogen containing buffers, such as acetate, phosphate, and carbonate, do …

The Impact Of Acid Mine Drainage On West Little Sugar Creek, Vigo Co., In, Jodie L. Gibson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluates the degree and extent of contamination in West Little Sugar Creek by analyzing water chemistry in the stream during low and moderate flow conditions. West Little Sugar Creek is located in Vigo County, Indiana and has been severely impacted by AMD discharging from the abandoned Green Valley Mine site. Stream water is commonly acidic (as low as pH 2.4) with elevated concentrations of Fe and Al and elevated trace elements including Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, and others, many of which exceed local and/or national surface water quality standards. Amorphous Fe and Al precipitates also form …