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Biological And Chemical Evaluation Of The Aquatic Environment Of Selected Undeveloped Kentucky Lake Embayments, Marshall Gordon, Morgan E. Sisk

KWRRI Research Reports

This report describes research involving biological and chemical analysis of two undeveloped embayments on Kentucky Lake, namely Anderson and Vickers Bays. Field and laboratory studies were made to assess current biotic standing crops, limnological conditions, levels of inorganic and organic pollutants in the embayments.

Some Aspects Of The Ecology Of The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana Virginiana Kerr 1792) In An Urban Environment, David Hopkins

Dissertations and Theses

Eighty-three Didelphis virginiana from the Portland metropolitan area were collected and studied from December 1974 through May 1976. Males averaged 3394 g, females 2318 g. An annual sex ratio of 68.7:31.3 was recorded. Data indicate the possibility of a year-round breeding season and suggest the occurrence of three peaks of reproductive activity: January-February, April-May and October-November. The six primary foods consumed annually are: leaf litter, mammals, gastropods, earthworms, grasses and pet food. Seasonal composition and diversity in the diet is marked. Five new parasite-host records were established. These include mites: Androlaelaps fahrenholsi, Haemogamasus nidi, Eulaelape stabularis tick, Ixodes angustus, and …

The Columbia River As A Barrier To Gene Flow In The Vagrant Shrew, Sorex Vagrans Vagrans Baird, James J. Kirk

Dissertations and Theses

Twenty-one morphological characters were measured in shrews from four islands in the Columbia River and from the adjacent Oregon and Washington shores. Information on the history and characteristics of the river islands was gathered to facilitate interpretation of the shrew’s morphology data. Significant differences between character means of different populations were detected and average taxonomic distances between pairs of populations were calculated. The Columbia River is an incomplete barrier to gene flow, but its influence has been sufficient to allow divergence of island populations. Natural selection on the small gene pools of island populations has probably contributed to the divergence. …

Respiratory Physiology Of The Scorpion Paruroctonus Aquilonalis, Wayne A. Riddle

Biology ETDs

The scorpion Paruroctonus aquilonalis (Stahnke) was studied to better understand the influence that six potentially important factors (size, sex, temperature, nutrition, season, and humidity) have on its respiratory metabolism. Respiratory rate: temperature relations of oxygen consumption from 5°C to 36°C, and standard metabolism estimates at 20°C and 25°C were employed. Respirometry was performed on both freshly collected mature and immature scorpions and on laboratory-maintained animals.

Inverse weight: metabolism relationships were noted for males and females above 24°C, but below 24°C live weight did not influence metabolic rate among females. For mature males positive weight: metabolism patterns were found below 24 …

Why Be An Hermaphrodite?, Eric Charnov, J. Maynard Smith, James Bull

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Contribution Of The Electron Transport System To The Energetics Of Growth In Two Species Of Desulfovibrio, Burt D. Ensley

Biology ETDs

The growth of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and D. gigas on various electron donors and electron acceptors was measured in order to determine the influence of the donors and acceptors on energetics of growth. When using lactate, pyruvate, or formate as electron donors, and sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, or fumarate as electron acceptors, pyruvate-sulfate medium produced the most rapid growth, and intermediate levels of growth were observed on lactate­sulfate, with lowest levels on formate-sulfate. Both organisms grew best when sulfate was the electron acceptor regardless of electron donor. No growth occurred in cultures containing pyruvate and sulfite, and slight growth was observed in …

Thermal Ecology And Movement In The Leopard Lizard, Gambelia Wislizeni, Baird And Girard, Marvin Lynn Abts

Dissertations and Theses

Thermal ecology and movement of the Leopard Lizard, G. wistizeniwere studied at Frog Spring, adjacent to the Alvord Desert, and at various locations throughout the Alvord Basin. Seasonal activity is known to occur from early May to mid-October, but abundance. gradually decreases after late July. During favorable late spring, and summer weather lizards exhibit a bimodal pattern of diel activity with some activity occurring at all hours of the day between 0600 and 1800 H. At other times activity was unimodal. Emergence was apparently largely temperature dependent and did not occur until sand temperature approximated 21°C. Retreat appeared to …

Effect Of Matallic Ions, B-Vitamins, & Amino Acids On The Production Of Trans-2, 3-Epoxysuccinic Acid By Paecilomyces Varioti, Eleanor Ling

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The nutritional conditions which permit maximum yield of trans-2,3- epoxysuccinic acid by Paecilomyces varioti NPRL 1123 were investigated. Copper and iron ions were added to decationized fermentation media to determine the optimum concentration and ratio of the ions for the accumulation of trans-2,3-epoxysuccinic arid. P-vitamin and amino acid studies were done by single omission of the growth factors in culture media. Organic acids in the cultures were recovered by ether extraction and identified by gas chromatography.

In addition to t-ans-2,3-epoxysuccinic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid were also found in culture filtrates. The results indicated that with a …

The Metabolism Of Glucose By The Combined Use Of Gluconobacter Suboxydans & Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Kathy Ware

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Metabolism of glucose by G. suboxydans and P. fluorescens in pure and mixed culture was characterized in 10% glucose-yeast extract medium in presence of calcium carbonate. A pattern between viable cell counts and copper-reducing compounds was established. A decrease in viable cell counts of the two bacteria was observed after the maximum accumulation of 5- and 2- oxogluconate. P. fluorescens was found to have a faster growth and rate of production of 2-oxogluconate than the growth and production rate of 5-oxogluconate by G. suboxydans.

It was found that P. fluorescens grew on nutrient agar at pH 7.5, but G. suboxydans …

The Effects Of Prolonged Ultraviolet Irradiation On The Pigment System Of Pet/Wmr Mouse Epidermis, Penny Suzanne Nair

Master's Theses

Repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation brings about an increase in the DOPA-positive melanocyte population of the human. However, there is an age-dependent decline in the melanocyte population regardless of UV irradiation. In the rhesus monkey, a drop in the DOPA-positive epidermal melanocyte population has been observed after prolonged UV irradiation. The population of DOPApositive epidermal melanocytes in PET/Wmr mice reaches a peak during the first post-natal week after which the number of cells declines, fading almost completely within 3 weeks. Their occurrence in adult mice is rare. With UV irradiation (300 nm) the melanocyte population of newborn and adult PET …

The Effect Of Photoperiod On The Regressive Phase Of The Ovarian Cycle Of The Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis., John Dickens Pinch

Master's Theses

The effects of constant photoperiod (14 hours of light) and decreasing photoperiod (13-8 hours of light) on the regressive phase of the ovarian cycle of the lizard Anolis carolinensis were investigated. Changes in body, liver, ovary and oviduct weights were measured and microscopic examinations of several ovarian parameters were made. In both light regimens body and liver weights decreased over the first four weeks of the experiment but both increased at the sixth week. In addition, ovary weight was highly variable but exhibited a decreasing trend and oviduct weight decreased. There were decreases in the number of previtellogonic follicles and …

Seasonal Nearshore Distributions Of Fishes In A Piedmont Section Of The James River, Virginia, Eugene George Maurakis

Master's Theses

The seasonal nearshore distributions of 17 species of fishes were determined in natural and artificially heated areas in a 9.6 km stretch of the Piedmont section of the James River, Virginia from July, 1973 to June, 1974. Analyses of the seasonal distributions were based on abundance and percent frequency of occurrence data. The maximum abundance and percent occurrence of ten of the 17 species of fishes in natural temperature areas occurred in early autumn. Deviations from this pattern included Notropis analostanus, equally abundant throughout the year, and Lepisosteus osseus, Notropis amoenus, Notropis ardens, Notropis rubellus, Catostomus commersoni and Lepomis macrochirus, …

The Modification By Temperature Of The Effects Of Mammalian Follicle Stimulating Hormone And 17b-Estradiol On The Process Of Vitellogenesis In The Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis, Susan Howard Early

Master's Theses

The effects of porcine follicle stimulating hormone, 17B-estradiol, and a combination of the two on the process of vitellogenesis were studied in Anolis carolinensis maintained at 15C with no light for one week, and then at 15C or 32C with 14 hours of light for two additional weeks.

At both temperatures, the control animals subjected to 14 hours of light possessed greater numbers of previtel­logenic follicles and lower liver weights than the control animals sacrificed after one week in the dark. Animals maintained at the higher temperature and given different hormonal treatments showed significant increases in ovary and oviduct weights, …

Lactate And Contractile Force In Frog Muscle During Development Of Fatigue And Recovery, Robert H. Fitts, J. O. Holloszy

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The relationship between lactic acid concentration and twitch tension was reevaluated in electrically stimulated frog sartorius muscle. If muscles stimulated under anaerobic conditions at a rate of 30 stimuli/min, contractile force decreased to 36% of the initial value in 15 min. Concomitantly lactate increased from 3.3 to 18.7 μmol/g of muscle. The correlation between the increase in lactate and the decrease in contractile force was significant (r = -0.99, P < 0.000001). Recovery occurred in two phases. A rapid increase in contractile force, which represented 20% of the total recovery, took place during the first 15 s and occurred concomitantly with an increase in ATP from 3.9 to 4.6 μmol/g. Lactate concentration did not change significantly during this period. The second phase of recovery of contractile force was complete in 50 min. Lactate concentration and contractile …

The Concentrations Of Ten Heavy Metals In Some Selected Lake Powell Game Fishes, Robert E. Bussey

Biology ETDs

Ten tissues from each of four species of fish-large­mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Lake Powell were analyzed and compared for the concentrations of ten heavy metals: Fe, Ca, Mg, Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, As, Se, and Pb.

Samples were digested with nitric and perchloric acids, and analyses were performed by atomic absorption spectro­photometry. Concentrations were expressed on a dry weight basis for all tissues, and were not corrected for percent recovery.

As expected, high levels of iron were observed in the blood tissues, with low concentrations being observed …

A Comparison Of The In Vitro Phagocytic Activity Of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes And Alveolar Macrophages From Man And Rabbits, Thomas S. Harrison

Biology ETDs

It has been thought for many years that the alveolar macrophage is the primary agent responsible for prevention or bacterial invasion or the lung. Numerous studies with Staphylococcus aureua, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli. Klebsiella, and Proteus have been cited to substantiate this statement. Together these organisms cause less than ten per cent of human bacterial pneumonias. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the alveolar macrophage is capable of bacterial clearance with time. Sadly lacking ss evidence that alveolar macrophages readily phagocytose Streptococcus pneumoniae which are responsible tor greater than ninety percent of all bacterial pneumonias. The …

Macroinvertebrates And Diatoms On Submerged Bottom Substrates, Lake Powell, Ellen T. Louderbough

Biology ETDs

To collect and examine the organisms associated with newly inundated terrestrial vegetation in Lake Powell, small plastic Christmas trees were "planted" along a sloping sandy bottom at depths of 2, 3, 4.5, 6, 8, and 10 meters. For the 17 months from July, 1973, through October, 1974, the trees were harvested and replanted by scuba divers at 4- and 12-week intervals. The macroinvertebrate and diatom components of the periphytic community associated with each tree were collected and evaluated for number of individuals per unit area (density) and species composition. A diversity index was computed for the diatom portion of each …

Influence Of Light On Algal Growth In The Lower Willamette River, Stephen Arthur Wille

Dissertations and Theses

During the summer of 1974 chemical conditions in the lower reaches of the Willamette River, Oregon were similar to those in other rivers currently experiencing nuisance algal growth problems. Temperature and chemical nutrients are not limiting. Relatively high populations of phytoplankton and productivity values for upstream periphyton beds and surface waters suggest moderately eutrophic conditions. However, with increased depth in the lower river, and a constant euphotic zone, the amount of photosynthetically available light is reduced. With sufficient depth and complete mixing the critical depth is exceeded. Primary productivity rates are subsequently limited by low light availability in the lower …

Allografts And Xenografts Of Thyroid Gland Tissue And Cultured Thyroid Gland Cells Into Thyroidectomized Rats, Jerry Martin Katz

Biology ETDs

The most desirable way of treating endocrine deficiencies would be by the successful transplantation of functional endocrine tissue into the deficient animal. However, unless the donor and recipient are identical twins or from an inbred strain of animals, an immune response is usually elicited in the recipient by the foreign tissues leading to rejection of the transplant. Thyroid gland cells which have been enzymatically dispersed from thyroid tissue and cultured in vitro are capable of reforming functional thyroid tissue when implanted into animals of the same strain. The purpose of this work was to test the ability of cultured thyroid …

Effects Of Acute Dehydration, Heat Acclimatization And Physical Condition On Fluid Shifts Induced By Lower Body Negative Pressure, Michael Dyar Venters

Biology ETDs

This study was designed to analyze the effects of heat acclimatization, acute dehydration and physical conditioning on the fluid shifts induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Ten male subjects, five trained runners and five non-runners, were subjected to LBNP before and after nine days of acclimatization to work in the heat and pre- and post-dehydration induced by heat and exercise. During each of the four LBNP runs the subjects were monitored for changes in blood volume and variances in the volume of the left forearm and lower leg at the calf. Each LBNP test consisted of five minute long …

Cardiorespiratory Function During Two Methods Of Lung Lavage And During Unilateral Hypoxia, Steven Allen Silbaugh

Biology ETDs

Therapeutic lung lavage is a procedure by which the interior of the lung of a living animal is “washed” with a suitable solution. Broncho­pulmonary lavage, a special type of lung lavage in which the bronchioles and alveoli are washed, is the major concern of this thesis. Broncho­pulmonary lavage was investigated in 1920 as a possible treatment for lungs damaged by irritant gases and in the late 1950‘s as a method of hemodialysis. Currently, it is effectively used for the treatment of patients with obstructive lung disease and for the removal of radioactive materials from the mammalian lung. Bronchopulmonary lavage interferes …

The Wavelength Dependency Of Ultraviolet Induction Of Simian Virus 40 From A Transformed Line Of Baby Hamster Kidney Cells, Timothy Bichenbrenner

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

For our investigation, an established line (E line) of baby hamster kidney cells which was transformed by the incorporation of Simian Virus 40 into the cellular genom was used. The induction of this virion by irradiating these cells with ultraviolet light was studied. The purpose of this thesis was to determine the wavelength dependency (at four selected ultraviolet mercury emission lines) of the induction of the SV40 genome from these cells. The viral titres of induction were measured by the agar overlay plaque assay method and by the fluorescent antibody microassay technique.

At the four wavelengths tested 265 nm and …

Autecological & Populational Investigation Of Carpinus Caroliniana Walt., Gordon Wardell

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Analysis of habitats containing Carpinus caroliniana in two distinct physiographic regions of Kentucky revealed that this species has a wide range of tolerance to light intensities and soil pH. Species most commonly associated with Carpinus within the two physiographic regions were Platanus occidentalis, Acer saccharum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Fraxinus spp. and Fagus grandifolia.

Morphological and anatomical investigations of populations representing the geographic distribution of Carpinus caroliniana in the United States indicated that the more northern population had heavier fruit, larger bracts, and secondary wood with higher specific gravity.

Growth chamber experiments involving dormant buds collected from natural habitats indicated differences …

The Isolation And Identification Of Yeast-Like Fungi In Non-Active Tuberculosis Patients In Rowan County, Kentucky, Connie Harris Baker

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis submitted to Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology by Connie Harris Baker in July of 1976.

Constitutive Nature Of 5-Ketogluconate Reductase Of Gluconobacter Suboxydans, Vahag Marootkhanian

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

NADP⁺-dependent 5-ketogluconate reductase (D-Gluconate:NADP⁺ oxidoreductase; E.C.I.I.I.69.) of Gluconoacter suboxydans was examined and determined to be constitutive in nature. Crude, cell -free enzyme extracts were prepared by sonication of cells grown on 2.0'% glucose and 2.0% ethanol in various experiments. The specific activity of 5-ketogluconate reductase in the crude enzyme extracts of cells grown under various conditions was determined. The specific activity remained relatively constant strongly indicating the constitutive nature of the enzyme.

Electrophoretic Heterogeneity Of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-Dependent 5-Ketogluconate Reductase Of Gluconobacter Suboxydans, Sharon Dianis

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

NADP⁺-dependent 5-ketogluconate reductase (D-Gluconate:NAD(P)⁺ oxidoreductase E.C. 1.1.1.69) isozymes were detected in cell-free extracts of Gluconobacter suboxydans (American Type Cultures Collection, Bethesda, Maryland, strain 621). Cell-free enzyme extracts were prepared from cells grown in media which contained glucose, gluconate, glycerol, sorbitol, or mannitol as the sole carbon source in 2% concentration. The extracts were fractionated using analytical polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis. Gels were stained specifically for 5-ketogluconate reductase. Three isozymes were present in each extract from cells grown on the five different carbon sources. Gels stained in a reaction mixture which contained glycerol exhibited two of the isozymes.

An …

Radioprotection Of Oral Cavity Structures By S-2-(3-Aminopropylamino) Ethyl Phosphorothioate (Wr-2721), Ronald King

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Studies reporting a high concentration of WR-2721 in mouse salivary glands led to our studies of possible radioprotection of these glands by this drug from ionizing radiation. Oral effects of radiation in the presence of WR-2721 were studied in mice and dogs. Histological evaluation of mouse salivary glands irradiated with 1000 rads of ⁶⁰Co showed essentially no difference between control and experimental animals. Almost full regeneration of the serous salivary components occurred by 6 months in both groups and neither group had changes in the mucous glands. The use of higher doses of radiation in the mouse was prevented …

Effects Of Temperature On Calcium Uptake In Bossiella Orbigniana Orbigniana, Carolyn M. Thomas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of temperature on calcification in Bossiena orbigniana orbigniana (Decaisne, 1842) [Manza, 1940; Silva, 1957] (Corallinaceae) was studied using calcium-45 labeling of terminal segments under laboratory conditions. B. orbigniana has optimum calcium uptake for the temperatures 17-21°C within a temperature range of 3-37°C. These results suggest that optimum calcification in B. orbigniana should take place from late spring to early autumn. Q₁₀ values for 3-21°C averaged 3.39 indicating an enzyme-governed reaction. It is proposed that thallus growth rate and calcification are not directly related. It is believed that the optimum temperatures (17-21°C) affect the enzymes towards an increase …

Immunological Responses In The Prairie Rattlesnake Crotalus Viridis Viridis Rafinesque 1818, To Laboratory Infection With Tetrathyridia Of Mesocestoides Corti Hoeppli 1925 (Eucestoda : Mesocestoididea), Gray Bruce Hanson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Prairie rattlesnakes, of the species Crotalus viridis virldis, were orally, infected with tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti to determine the host response to the parasite. Snakes were maintained at constant temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 C for 4--24 weeks. Blood chemistry evaluations of the host were made by standard hematological methods. Eosinophil counts, total proteins, and serum gamma globulins increased while packed-cell volumes and hemoglobins decreased. Autopsy studies revealed the first documented asexual multiplication of Mesocestoides corti in a laboratory infected ectothemic host, with the small intestine being the preferred organ. Pseudocyst formation was first observed to occur at 4 …

The Analysis Of A Substrate Preference Of Peromyscus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), Bruce E. Buttler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The preference for a rocky situation was analyzed under laboratory conditions. In three-compartmented choice boxes, Peromyscus californicus and P. eremicus chose a compartment with rocks and a sandy floor over a compartment with just a sandy floor but P. maniculatus did not show a preference. In a similar experiment, in continual total darkness, the three species chose the compartment with the rocks. UM-key did not prefer the compartment with rocks when the rocks were encased in plastic and were under a normal light regime. When allowed a choice between an empty dark compartment and an empty lighted compartment exposed to …