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Selenium-Induced Enhancement Of Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototoxicity In Murine Bladder Tumor Cells, Jeffrey M. Tosk

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The phototoxicity of hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) to murine bladder tumor (MBT-2) cells was studied in vitro. It was observed that selenium in the form of sodium selenite enhanced Hpd-sensitized photodamage in MBT-2 cells under conditions where the selenite alone was non-toxic. Sodium selenite was found to enhance the fluorescence emission of Hpd and augment the Hpd-sensitized photooxidation of tryptophan. The data indicate that sodium selenite is able to disaggregate Hpd, thereby enhancing Hpd-sensitized phototoxicity.

Late Pleistocene Sciurids From Kokoweef Cave, H. Thomas Goodwin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Three local (Tamias panamintinus, Ammospermophilus leucurus and Spermophilus variegatus) and five extralocal (Tamias minimus, Tamias palmeri, Marmota flaviventris, Spermophilus townsendii, and Spermophilus lateralis) sciurid species (Sciuridae) were identified from the late Pleistocene-early Holocene Kokoweef Cave paleofauna. This fauna was the first documentation of T. minimus, T. palmeri and S. townsendii from the Pleistocene of the Mohave Desert. The 30-ft sedimentary sequence apparently recorded the mid-to late-Wisconsian introduction of S. lateralis into the Kokweef fauna but otherwise documented general taxonomic stability. The ecological diversity of the fauna was consistent with--but did not require--the hypothesis of more equable late Pleistocene climates, and …

Mutations In Rhizobium Phaseoli That Lead To Arrested Development Of Infection Threads, K. Dale Noel, Kathryn A. Vandenbosch, Bruce Kulpaca

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Two Rhizobium phaseoli mutants, isolated previously by Tn5 mutagenesis, elicited infection threads which ceased development prematurely, usually within root hairs. These infection threads were wide, globular, and otherwise altered in morphology, compared with normal infection threads. Anatomy and division of the root cortical cells during initial stages of nodule morphogenesis appeared normal. However, later nodule differentiation deviated considerably from normal development, and release of bacteria from infection threads was not observed. In tryptone-yeast extract medium the mutants sedimented during growth in shaken cultures and formed rough colonies on agar. Electrophoresis of washed cultures solubilized in dodecyl sulfate revealed that the …

Spermatogenesis And Histology Of The Testes Of The Caecilian, Chthonerpeton Indistinctum, Rafael O. De Sá, Nibia Berois

Biology Faculty Publications

Macroscopically, the testes of Chthonerpeton indistinctum consist of a series of oval lobes. The number and size of lobes is variable in Chthonerpeton indistinctum. Histologically, the testes are divided into structural units, locules separated by septa of connective tissue. Inside of each locule spermatogenesis takes place in cysts of germinal cells that divide synchronically. Chthonerpeton indistinctum is divided chronologically into four stages of development based on the shape of the nuclei of the spermatids and their arrangement in the cyst: (1) round, (2) kidney shaped, (3) attenuate, and (4) bouquet arrangement.

The Windy Harbour-Augusta Rock Lobster Working Group. Interim Report By The Chairman Mr. A. Pallot To The Western Australian Fishing Industry., A. Pallot

Fisheries Management Papers

Summary of Recommendations: Boat Access: That the Windy Harbour-Augusta Rock Lobster Fishery be declared a limited entry fishery. That the limited entry fishery related to the taking of Western Rock Lobster (Panulirue cygnus) and Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus novaehollandiae) That the southern boundary of Zone E of the W.C.R.L.F. terminate at a point where it intersects with a line drawn in a southerly direction from the Cape Leeuwin lighthouse. That the eastern boundary remain at Point D'Entrecasteaux (approximately 1160east longitude). That the western and southern boundaries by limits of the Australian Fishing Zone. That the season be for the period …

Evidence For N-Terminal Exposure Of The Protein Ia Subclass Of Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae Protein-I, Ralph C. Judd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The JS3 and FA638 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bear a protein IA subclass of protein I (P.I). The purified P.Is of surface-labeled strains JS3 and FA638 were cleaved with the N-terminal degradation enzyme leucine amino peptidase (LAP), and the resultant fragments were separated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Autoradiography demonstrated that the surface radiolabel was absent in a LAP-generated P.I peptide that was about 1,900 daltons lower in apparent molecular mass than the native P.I in both strains. Moreover, the 4G5 monoclonal epitope, known to be located on the surface of the organism, was also absent in the LAP-generated P.I …

A Survey Of Cellular Slime Molds At Selected Sites On The James River, Virginia, Nathaniel Lemaster Armistead

Master's Theses

The flood plain of the James River in Virginia supports a variety of deciduous forest associations and has not been examined previously for dictyostelids. This thesis is primarily concerned with the results of a survey of dictyostelids at selected sites in the James River basin. Some incidental observations concerning possible ecological relationships between dictyostelids are included.

Seven of the plant communities of Virginia described by Harvill, Stevens and Ware (1984) afe present in the areas surveyed and collection sites were established accordingly: (1) Mountain Pine-Oak Heath, (2) Pine-Oak Heath, (3) Oak-Hickory Forest, (4) Alluvial Hardwood Forest, (5) Beech-Maple-Tuliptree Forest, (6) …

A Survey Of Cellular Slime Molds At Selected Sites On The James River, Virginia, Nathaniel Lemaster Armistead Iii

Master's Theses

Forty-three sample sites representing seven plant associations were surveyed for cellular slime molds in the James River basin from the head-waters to the mouth of the James River. Dictyostelium mucoroides, Q. minutum, Q. purpureum, D. discoideum, Polysphondylium violaceum and P. pallidum were found in all associations. Dictyostelium lacteum was found in all but the Maple-Basswood association. The remaining species were unique to the Alluvial Hardwood association and the following respective forest types: D. polycephalum to Oak-Hickory, D. giganteum to Oak-Hickory and Mixed Mesophytic, and D. rosarium to Mixed Mesophytic. A percentage similarity test indicated that, with regards to the observed …

Body Size, Nest Predation, And Reproductive Patterns In Brown Thrashers And Other Mimids, Michael T. Murphy, Robert C. Fleischer

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe the breeding biology of Brown Thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) in Kansas, and combine this with data from other temperate-zone breeding Mimidae to characterize reproductive patterns in this group. Brown Thrashers produced clutches of 3 to 6 eggs, but clutches of 4 predominated. Most pairs raised 2 broods per year. Incubation required between 13 and 14 days, and hatching was usually asynchronous. Though sample size was small, asynchrony appeared to increase in frequency towards the end of the breeding season. Nestlings grew rapidly, and in 10 days or less most pre-fledgingg rowthw as completed. Young fledgedn ormallya t 11 days …

A Family Of Dna Sequences Is Reproducibly Rearranged In The Somatic Nucleus Of Tetrahymena, Bernice A. Allitto, Kathleen M. Karrer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

A small family of DNA sequences Is rearranged during the development of the somatic nucleus in Tetrahymena. The family is defined by 266 bp of highly conserved sequence which restriction mapping, hybridization and sequence analysis have shown is shared by a cloned micronuclear fragment and three sequences which constitute the macronuclear family. Genomic Southern hybridization experiments indicate there are five members of the family in micronuclear DNA. All of the family members are present in whole genome homozygotes and are therefore nonallellic. The three macronuclear sequences are all present in clonal cell lines and are reproducibly generated in every …

Study Of A Small Mammal Population In Bowling Green, Kentucky, Richard Cambron

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The small mammal population of a restricted study area was live-trapped on the University farm at Western Kentucky University from November 1984 through November 1985. A total of 1800 trap-nights yielded 81 different individuals representing five species. Members of the genera Peromyscus and Microtus were the dominant individuals representing over 90% of the total. Also caught were Mus musculus and Blarina brevicauda. The members of the two major genera were examined for population size and dynamics. In addition, a statistical analysis was carried out on the randomness of the location of the home ranges. This analysis gave evidence that …

Early Successional Plant Communities On An Abandoned Strip Mine In Butler County, Kentucky, Ralph Reiss

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Plant growth and development during the growing season of 1985 were examined on a strip mine located in Butler County, Kentucky, abandoned in 1963. Analysis included field plot measures of the frequency, density, and percent cover of the established plant species and determination of biomass accumulation during the 1985 year. Experimental subplots were established in both field and laboratory settings and the growth of the herbaceous colonizers compared under natural and programmed growth chamber conditions. Microclimatic measures of temperature and solar insolation were conducted in the field along with soil texture and pH measures. Results indicate that in the early …

Effects Of Acid Ph On Embryonic And Juvenile Freshwater Fish, Barbara A. Ramey, Lee E. Colton

KWRRI Research Reports

The effects of sulfuric acid on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish were examined using standard bioassay techniques, as well as in a preference/ avoidance behavioral test. The objectives were to compare the sensitivities of the various ages of fish to acid and to assess the use of the behavioral test in a hazard assessment program. In an 8-day static renewal bioassay, embryos and larvae of the fathead minnow were not affected at a pH of 4.92 and above, but pH 3.57 produced complete mortality prior to hatching. In 96- hr acute bioassays, 8-wk juvenile fathead minnows survived 100% at pH's …

Apid Increase In Serum Calcium In Response To Stress In Pomoxis Nigromaculatus, Black Crappie, Severn Borden Churn

Master's Theses

Serum calcium levels were determined colorimetrically in Pomoxis nigromaculatus, the black crappie, subjected to rapid changes in temperature. Two experiments were conducted; in the first, fish were exposed to stress for 30 minutes before measuring serum calcium, and in the second, fish were exposed to stress for 5 minutes and returned to normal conditions for 25 minutes before measuring serum calcium. Condit ion (K-value) and sexual development were noted for the fish. Serum calcium increased in all stressed fish, regardless of sex, but higher serum calcium values were observed in stressed mature females than in stressed males or stressed immature …

Mapping Solid Surfaces With A Raman Microprobe, P. M. Fauchet

Scanning Electron Microscopy

By combining an optical microscope with a standard Raman scattering apparatus, information on the structure, composition, homogeneity, and stress state of solids can be obtained with one micron resolution. After a discussion of the advantages and implementation of the technique, we examine specific applications mostly taken from our own work dealing with laser-solid interactions. In particular, we examine the structural modifications produced during laser annealing of semiconductors and laser induced damage of thin films.

Ion-Induced Auger Emission From Solid Targets, Josette Mischler, Nicole Benazeth

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We present a review of the Auger emission induced from light elements (Mg, Al, Si) bombarded by ions of intermediate energy (1 keV - 200 keV). The different physical phenomena at the origin of Auger emissions are outlined, in particular the mechanism of molecular excitation responsible for the production of inner-shell vacancies in collisions between two complex particles and the processes of Auger decay and electron transport in the solid. Auger spectra partially consist of L₂₃VV electrons corresponding to decays in the bulk; this part is similar to that observed from electron-induced Auger spectra. Superimposed on this broad …

Capacitive Coupling Voltage Contrast, S. Görlich, K. D. Herrmann, W. Reiners, E. Kubalek

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Capacitive coupling voltage contrast (CCVC) allows electron-beam testing of passivated integrated circuits (IC) without radiation damage or prior, time-consuming specimen preparation. This effect occurs when low primary electron energies are used and the electron yield of the passivation layer is greater than 1. Signal changes in the relevant interconnections are transferred to the passivation surface via capacitive coupling, but they vanish there within the storage time due to electron irradiation. A physical model explains the dependence of CCVC on three parameters: electron irradiation, the passivation material and the signals within the IC. Computer simulations based on this model describe the …

Low Energy Electron Diffraction With Microscopic Resolution, J. Kirschner, T. Ichinokawa, Y. Ishikawa, M. Kemmochi, N. Ikeda, Y. Hosokawa

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We report on the development of a Scanning Low Energy Diffraction Microscope, operating in the range of 250 to 1000 eV primary energy. By discriminating against inelastically scattered electrons, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns are obtained from areas of about 100 nm in size. By selecting a particular diffracted beam dark-field images of the surface structure are obtained in the scanning mode. Examples are given for polycrystalline Si and clean and adsorbate covered Si (111) surfaces.

Electron Detectors For Electron-Beam Testing Of Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits, S. C. J. Garth, D. F. Spicer

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The increasing density of components in integrated circuits imposes severe constraints on conventional electron beam testers. The use of electron detectors consisting of combined electrostatic and magnetic fields has demonstrated improved performance over conventional electrostatic detectors. Such detectors also ease many of the practical difficulties associated with electron beam testing of Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) circuits. A detector using a single pole magnetic lens will be described and compared to detectors which use only electrostatic fields. The single pole lens detector has demonstrated superior performance to the electrostatic detector in terms of local field error and imaging resolution, allowing …

Charging Effects In Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscope Metrology, M. Brunner, R. Schmid

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Low voltage operation of the scanning electron microscope is being increasingly used to avoid negative charging in e-beam inspection and metrology. Positive charging effects, however, may still disturb the measurement accuracy even with low primary beam energies. Current investigations have revealed that no errors due to positive charging occur on resist structures on semiconductor substrates. But samples with metal structures on insulating substrates do involve disturbing effects due to positive charging. The difference in behavior between these groups of samples is attributed to the fundamental difference between insulator and conductor charging. This difference is due to different field geometries on …

Auger Microprobe Temperature Profiles Of Contamination Residue On Single Crystal Ferrite Substrates, Christine Bisagni, Nina Veisfeld

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Single crystal manganese-zinc (MnO,ZnO.Fe₂O₃) ferrite wafers with a 50 Angstrom surface finish were subjected to a conventional cleaning procedure and then analyzed in a JAMP-10 Auger microprobe with an internal heating device. Three essential Auger peaks were monitored during the heating. Auger peak intensity vs. time profiles were obtained for the heating process. High vacuum heat treatment conditions were established for the preparation of these materials for use as substrates in UHV thin film growth.

Hemodynamics During Pregnancy: A Model For Cardiac Enlargement, David James Mendelson

Dissertations and Theses

Cardiac output increases by 30-50% during mammalian pregnancy. This increase is reflected by elevation in both heart rate and stroke volume. The primary mechanism of increased stroke volume appears to be cardiac enlargement, rather than increased preload, afterload, or contractility. Animal studies have shown that enlargement of the heart occurs prior to an increase in uterine blood flow during pregnancy and this type of enlargement can be mimicked by sex steroid administration.

Systemic vascular resistance greatly decreases during pregnancy and with sex steroid administration. It has been postulated that systemic vascular resistance may be a signal for heart size changes. …

A Fixed-Radius Point Count Method For Nonbreeding And Breeding-Season Use, Richard L. Hutto, Sandra M. Pletschet, Paul Hendricks

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We provide a detailed description of a fixed-radius point count method that carries fewer assumptions than most of the currently popular methods of estimating bird density and that can be used during both the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. The method results in three indices of bird abundance, any of which can be used to test for differences in community composition among sites, or for differences in the abundance of a given bird species among sites. These indices are (1) the mean number of detections within 25 m of the observer, (2) the frequency of detections within 25 m of the …

Airspeed And Heading Of Autumnal Migrants Over Hawaii, Timothy C. Williams , '64, J. M. Williams, Philip David Kloeckner , '81

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Site-Specific Methylation Of Adenine In The Nuclear Genome Of A Eucaryote, Tetrahymena Thermophila, Gail Singer Harrison, R. Craig Findly, Kathleen M. Karrer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

DNA in the polyploid macronucleus of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila contains the modified base N6-methyladenine. We identified two GATC sites which are methylated in most or all of the 45 copies of the macronuclear genome. One site is 2 kilobases 5' to the histone H4-I gene, and the other is 5 kilobases 3' to the 73-kilodalton heat shock protein gene. These sites are de novo methylated between 10 and 16 h after initiation of conjugation, during macronuclear anlage development. The methylation states of these two GATC sites and four other unmethylated GATC sites do not change in the DNA …

Brood Parasitism Of Eastern Kingbirds By Brown-Headed Cowbirds, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Understanding why brood parasites lay eggs in the nests of hosts that reject eggs is hampered by insuf-ficient data on the frequency with which parasites lay in rejecter nests, and by ignorance of which in-dividuals practice this seemingly inappropriate be-havior. Parasitism rates of rejecters can be deter-mined only when host nests are observed during egg laying because most parasite eggs are rejected rapidly (e.g. Scott 1977). Even then, however, a certain per-centage of parasitized nests may go undetected. De-termining the selective value of host defense mech-anisms also depends on knowledge of the frequency of parasitism, and the amount of reproductive …

The Effect Of Salt Concentration On Auxin Stability In Culture Media, James R. Dunlap, Stephen Kresovich, Robert E. Mcgee

Faculty Publications

The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were followed for 35 days in cell-free liquid medium containing 100, 50, or 0% Murashige-Skoog (MS) salt base. Although the concentrations of NAA or 2,4-D remained constant the level of IAA decreased to only 11% of the original concentration after 35 days in the presence of 100% MS salt base. The observed rate of IAA degradation was accelerated by the presence of MS salts.

Body Size And Condition, Timing Of Breeding, And Aspects Of Egg Production In Eastern Kingbirds, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Variation in timing of breeding in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) was correlated only weakly with external morphological characters, but was correlated positively and significantly with estimates of body size based on measurements of skeletons and muscle weights. Small females apparently held a reproductive advantage in being able to mobilize resources for reproduction before large females. Egg weight was independent of all measures of female size, but was directly and significantly (P = 0.03) correlated with standard flight muscle weight, a relative index of body condition. Egg size was thus a function more of female body condition than size. On average, …

The Use Of A Line Scan Ratemeter For The X-Ray Microanalytic Evaluation Of Membrane-Bound Histochemical Endproducts, Imre Zs.-Nagy, Valéria Zs.-Nagy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Although X-ray microanalysis represents a useful tool for identifying electron dense histochemical end-products, quantitative microanalytic measurements are seriously hampered in the case of the activities of certain membrane-bound enzymes. For example, the electron histochemical methods revealing K⁺-dependent pNPPase activity result in a very fine, granular reaction product of lead phosphate. Therefore microanalytic, densitometric or similar evaluations of the reaction, even in semiquantitative terms are not practical by the usual procedures.

This paper describes a method of X-ray microanalysis of thick sections (0.5 μm) processed for K⁺-pNPPase, where a sufficient amount of lead is present for X-ray …

Applications Of X-Ray Microanalysis To The Study And Conservation Of Ancient Glasses, S. Hreglich, M. Verita

Scanning Electron Microscopy

X-ray microanalysis can be successfully applied to the study of the chemical composition and weathering processes of ancient glass. The problems concerned with this kind of application are considered. A verification is conducted of the accuracy and sensitivity of this technique, which are sufficient to obtain useful information on technologies and raw materials used and consequently on the origin and dating of ancient glasses.

This analytical method also discloses meaningful data for the optimization of restoration and the choice of appropriate conservation operations.