Digital Commons Network^™

Pilates As A New Form Of Exercise To Lower Childhood Obesity And Depression, Alicia Olson

Whittier Scholars Program

Childhood obesity is is quickly becoming a worldwide epidemic. Some factors contributing to this epidemic include more time spent in passive activities such as watching television and playing video games, eating more high fat/ high sugar content foods, and spending very little if any time being physically active. Children need more exercise options that are less intimidating than running or other strenuous exercises. This project introduces Pilates as a new form of exercise to help decrease childhood obesity and childhood depression. Various literature was looked at to determine how childhood obesity occurs and what can be done to prevent it. …

7tmrmine: A Web Server For Hierarchical Mining Of 7tmr Proteins, Guoqing Lu, Zhifang Wang, Alan M. Jones, Etsuko N. Moriyama

Biology Faculty Publications

Background: Seven-transmembrane region-containing receptors (7TMRs) play central roles in eukaryotic signal transduction. Due to their biomedical importance, thorough mining of 7TMRs from diverse genomes has been an active target of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics research. The need for new and accurate 7TMR/GPCR prediction tools is paramount with the accelerated rate of acquisition of diverse sequence information. Currently available and often used protein classification methods (e.g., profile hidden Markov Models) are highly accurate for identifying their membership information among already known 7TMR subfamilies. However, these alignment-based methods are less effective for identifying remote similarities, e.g., identifying proteins from highly divergent or possibly …

Summer Burrows Of Ord's Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys Ordii) In Western Nebraska: Food Content And Structure, Jeremy A. White

Biology Faculty Publications

Extent of larder hoarding differs among species of kangaroo rats, and limited information is available for food stored in burrows by Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)—the most widespread species of Dipodomys. I excavated 9 burrows recently used by adult D. ordii during summer in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska. I observed only small quantities of food stored in burrows. Eight of 9 burrows contained segments of sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) in limited quantities. These segments consisted of upper leaves with fruits (containing seeds) housed in sheaths. My observations represent the first documentation of D. ordii storing food in burrows under …

Molecular Decay Of The Tooth Gene Enamelin (Enam) Mirrors The Loss Of Enamel In The Fossil Record Of Placental Mammals, Robert Meredith, John Gatesy, William J. Murphy, Oliver A. Ryder, Mark S. Springer

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Vestigial structures occur at both the anatomical and molecular levels, but studies documenting the co-occurrence of morphological degeneration in the fossil record and molecular decay in the genome are rare. Here, we use morphology, the fossil record, and phylogenetics to predict the occurrence of "molecular fossils" of the enamelin (ENAM) gene in four different orders of placental mammals (Tubulidentata, Pholidota, Cetacea, Xenarthra) with toothless and/or enamelless taxa. Our results support the "molecular fossil" hypothesis and demonstrate the occurrence of frameshift mutations and/or stop codons in all toothless and enamelless taxa. We then use a novel method based on selection intensity …

Bioactive Sphingolipids Mediate Apoptosis And Senescence In Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Evelyn I. Leon

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Ceramide is a second messenger involved in apoptosis, cell differentiation, and growth arrest. We hypothesize that in tumor cells, insufficient sphingomyelin (SM) limits the amount of ceramide which can be generated for the probagation of the apoptotic signal resulting from treatment with chemotherapy. As a result, we postulated that exogenous SM will facilitate apoptosis and synergize with chemotherapeutic agents.

The current studies examined the response of the Panel human pancreatic cancer cell line to gemcitabine, a nucleoside analog, in the presence and absence of sub-toxic doses of SM. Cytotoxic dose response relationships demonstrated an increased chemosensitivity to gemcitabine with SM …

Direct Binding Of Cytosolic Ndp Kinases To Membrane Lipids Is Regulated By Nucleotides, Kimberly A. P. Mitchell, Gabor Szabo, Angela De S . Otero

Faculty Publications and Presentations

In spite of their complete lack of any structural features that characterize membrane proteins, cytosolic nucleoside-diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) have been found repeatedly to associate with membranes. In some instances the recruitment of cytosolic NDPKs to membranes was attributed to interactions with peripheral or integral membrane proteins, but in many cases the mechanism underlying the association of NDPKs with membranes remained unknown. We show here that cytosolic NDPKs bind directly to membrane lipids in a dynamic process that is controlled by its substrates, nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, and can be fully reconstituted with chemically defined, protein-free phospholipids and recombinant NDPK, or …

Methods For The Isolation Of Sensory And Primary Cilia—An Overview, Kimberly A. P. Mitchell, Gabor Szabo, Angela De S. Otero

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detailed proteomic analyses of mammalian olfactory and rod photoreceptor sensory cilia are now available, providing an inventory of resident ciliary proteins and laying the foundation for future studies of developmental and spatio-temporal changes in the composition of sensory cilia. Cilia purification methods that were elaborated and perfected over several decades were essential for these advances. In contrast, the proteome of primary cilia is yet to be established, because purification procedures for this organelle have been developed only recently. In this chapter we review current techniques for the purification of olfactory and photoreceptor cilia, and evaluate methods designed for the selective …

Fecal Glucocorticoids Reflect Socio-Ecological And Anthropogenic Stressors In The Lives Of Wild Spotted Hyenas, Heather E. Watts

Biology Faculty Works

Our aim was to identify natural and anthropogenic influences on the stress physiology of large African carnivores, using wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) as model animals. With both longitudinal data from a single social group, and cross-sectional data from multiple groups, we used fecal glucocorticoids (fGC) to examine potential stressors among spotted hyenas. Longitudinal data from adult members of a group living on the edge of the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, revealed that fGC concentrations were elevated during two periods of social upheaval among adults, especially among younger females; however, prey availability, rainfall, and presence of lions did not …

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Liver And Gill Tissues Of Spotted Barb (Capoeta Barroisi Lortet, 1894) Living In Ceyhan River, Adana-Turkey, Ergül Belge Kurutaş, Aysel Şahan, Tülay Altun

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study was carried out in an agricultural, industrial, domestic, and slaughterhouse area that is also a discharging region of the river Ceyhan just under the crest of the Aslantaş dam. Levels of pollution indicator parameters of the water were observed and their effects on various oxidative stress biomarkers in gill and liver tissues of spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894) were investigated. The oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also evaluated. High levels of CAT, G6PD, GST, and GSH activity were …

Eicosanoids Act In Nodulation Reactions To Bacteria Serratia Marcescensin Hemipteran Pest, Eurygaster Integriceps, Hasan Tunaz

Turkish Journal of Biology

In insects, nodulation is the first step in cellular defense reactions to bacterial, fungal, and some viral infections. The hypothesis was posed that the hemipteran pest E. integriceps produces melantoic nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge and that eicosanoids mediate these reactions. Treating the adult of E. integriceps with Serratia marcescens induced nodulation reactions in a challenge dose-dependent manner. Injecting the adult E. integriceps with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, immediately before intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium Serratia marcescens, sharply reduced the nodulation response to bacterial challenges. Separate treatments with specific inhibitors including dexamethasone (a phospholipase A_2 inhibitor), indomethacin, naproxen, ibuprofen, piroxicam (cyclooxygenase …

Propagation Of Endangered Thermopsis Turcica Tan, Vural & Küçüködük Using Conventional And In Vitro Techniques, Süleyman Cenkçi̇, Mehmet Temel, Mustafa Kargioğlu, Sergun Dayan

Turkish Journal of Biology

This report deals with the successful clonal propagation of endangered T. turcica using rhizome cuttings and epicotyl explants. Rhizome cuttings were treated with \alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) before planting for vegetative multiplication. Rhizome cuttings pretreated with NAA (10 mg/L) were both rooted and sprouted (66.6 percent) after 100 days. Application of NAA induced callus and adventitious root formation in epicotyl explants and 6-benzyladenine (BA) induced production of microshoots. Low levels of NAA (0.5-1 \muM) together with BA promoted shoot initiation and development. The highest regeneration rate (86.6 percent), with a mean number of shoots (3.05) and a …

The Effect Of Environmental Factors On The Growth And Size Structure Of Two Dominant Phytoplankton Species In The Büyükçekmece Reservoir (İstanbul,Turkey), Yelda Aktan, Cenk Gürevi̇n, Zeynep Dorak

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variability in the growth and size structure of dominant phytoplankton species in Büyükçekmece Reservoir, and to determine the environmental factors that affect morphological plasticity in those dominant species. In total, 78 taxa from 8 algal divisions were identified. Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were the most important divisions with respect to species number, but cryptomonads Plagioselmis nannoplanctica (Skuja) Novarino, Lucas, and Morrall, and a Cryptomonas sp. were dominant in terms of density and biomass. P. nannoplanctica was the major contributor of biomass in the reservoir. A significant difference in Plagioselmis species biovolume was …

The Effect Of The Interaction Between Genotypes And Drought Stress On The Superoxide Dismutase And Chlorophyll Content In Durum Wheat Landraces, Mohammad Zaefyzadeh, Rauf Alakbar Quliyev, Sevda Mashalla Babayeva, Mehraj Ali̇ Abbasov

Turkish Journal of Biology

Free radicals and other active derivatives of oxygen inactivate enzymes and important plant cellular components. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been identified as essential components in an organism´s defence mechanism. This study was devoted to the investigation of SOD activity in 13 durum wheat landraces from Iran and Azerbaijan under 2 (drought and normal) conditions. The effect of drought stress on SOD, chlorophyll content index (CCI), and chlorophyll degradation were studied. Significant differences between genotypes and the genotype × environment interaction among SOD and CCI content were identified. The mean comparison showed that the contents of SOD and CCI decreased in …

Hormonal Factors Of Anti-Mutagenesis Regulation, Mekhtizadeh Emin Rza

Turkish Journal of Biology

The genetic activity of phytohormones (Phs) was studied. The investigation was conducted with 4 plants (Allium fistulosum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Triticum aestivum, and Gossypium hirsutum). The action of Phs on plant genetic processes was evaluated by chromosome aberration testing. It was observed that the exogenic Phs exerted a stabilizing effect on spontaneous plant mutagenesis. The use of Phs before and after the action of mutagenic factors contributed to an increase in the anti-mutational or reparative function of the plants´ genes. It was observed that the Phs exhibited genoprotective or reparative activity. The absence of clearly expressed dependence of these effects on …

C-Banded Karyotype And Nucleolar Organizer Regions (Nors) Of Wild Boar, Sus Scrofa (Artiodactyla: Suidae) From Anatolia, Ati̇lla Arslan, İrfan Albayrak

Turkish Journal of Biology

The present study reports the karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of 6 Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) males from Anatolia. The karyotype of S. scrofa comprised (2n) 38 chromosomes, the number of chromosomal arms (FN) was 64, and the number of autosomal arms (FNa) was 60. C-positive regions appeared to be restricted to the centromeric regions of autosomes 1, and 13-18, and the entire long arm of the Y chromosome. Some autosomes had very slight C-bands. The X chromosome appeared to be entirely euchromatic. NORs were identified by the silver-staining technique and were observed on secondary constriction sites of …

A Cytogenetical Study On Some Plants Taxa In Nizip Region (Aksaray, Turkey), Meryem Öztürk, Esra Marti̇n, Muhi̇tti̇n Di̇nç, Ahmet Duran, Ayşe Özdemi̇r, Özlem Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

This cytological study was performed in 19 taxa grown naturally in Nizip region (Aksaray). These taxa are Conringia perfoliata (C.A.Mey.) Busch, Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. subsp. strigosum, Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. subsp. murale var. murale, Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. subsp. bicornis (Sibth. & Sm.) P.W.Ball., Erysimum thyrsoideum Boiss. subsp. thyrsoideum (Brassicaceae), Silene alba (Mill.) E.H.L. Krause subsp. divaricata (Reichb.) Walters, Silene conoidea L., Silene otites (L.) Wibel. (Caryophyllaceae), Linum austriacum L. subsp. austriacum (Linaceae), Medicago x varia Martyn., Onobrychis argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea (Fabaceae), Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude (Apiaceae), Centaurea patula DC., Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis, Cnicus …

Determination Of Mycorrhizae Interactions And Pathogenicity Of Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn Isolated From Strawberry And Xanthium Strumarium, Ayşenur Bayözen, Ayhan Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the disease severity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn., and the role of mycorrhizal fungi on strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) growth were investigated. Strawberry seedlings were inoculated with BioOrganics as a mycorrhizal preparation against 2 R. solani isolates, which were isolated from strawberry (RsFv) and Xanthium strumarium (RsXs). The highest disease severity in strawberry roots was observed after inoculation with RsFv at a rate of 67%. On the other hand, the lowest disease severity in strawberry roots was at 31% for 15BRsFv (15 days before inoculation with BioOrganics and RsFv). Similarly, the highest disease severity in …

In Vitro Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Methanol And Hexane Extract Of Astragalus Species Growing In The Eastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Ahmet Adigüzel, Münevver Sökmen, Hakan Özkan, Güleray Ağar, Medi̇ne Güllüce, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the hexane and methanol extracts of the aboveground parts and roots of some Astragalus species grown in the vicinity of Erzurum, located in the eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The methanol extract, which was obtained from the aboveground parts of Astragalus species, exhibited mild free radical scavenging activity providing 50% inhibition at the concentrations between 68.8 and 400.4 \mug/ml. The hexane/dichloromethane extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus species did not show any free radical scavenging activity. However, the linoleic acid oxidation inhibition ability of the non-polar extracts seems to …

Antibacterial Activities Of Extracts From Some Turkish Endemic Plants On Common Fish Pathogens, Hakan Türker, Arzu Bi̇ri̇nci̇ Yildirim, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Hi̇lal Köylüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antibacterial activities of 24 alcoholic and aqueous extracts from 8 endemic Turkish plants (Crocus abantensis, Crocus ancyrensis, Galanthus plicatus subsp. byzantinus, Paronychia chionaea, Astragalus gymnolobus, Trifolium pannonicum subsp.elongatum, Eryngium bithynicum, and Convolvulus galaticus) of 7 different families were screened. Antibacterial activity was carried out with 5 different fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Streptococcus agalactia, Lactococcus garvieae, and Enterococcus faecalis). Crude extracts of endemic plant extracts were applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion method under in vitro conditions. A. hydrophila was the only inhibited bacteria from all alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. ancyrensis, G. plicatus, T. pannonicum, …

An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Biology

Dietary, therapeutical, and other ethnobotanical utilizations of the wild plants grown in Haymana district of Ankara were investigated. Information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 160 individuals in 9 selected sites. The demographic characteristics of the informants were evaluated and cross-relationships with the recorded data were also analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results of the study show that 83.8% of the informants recognize the utilization of wild plants either as foodstuff or as remedy, while only 16.2% was unaware of that. Both the knowledge and the utilization of plants significantly increased with the increasing age of the informants. However, there …

Comparison Of Gst Isoenzyme Expression In Normal And Neoplastic Breast Tissue: Correlation With Clinical And Prognostic Factors, Serpi̇l Oğuztüzün, Mesude İşcan, Müzeyyen Özhavzali, Serpi̇l Di̇zbay Sak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Glutathione S-transferases in breast tissue play an important role in the susceptibility to the mutagenic effects of chemical carcinogens and in the response of breast tumors to chemotherapy. In this study the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes (alpha, mu, pi, and theta) were investigated in invasive duct carcinomas and in normal breast tissue of 43 patients. The relationships between the expression of the GST isoenzymes and some clinicopathological features were also examined. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining of varying intensity was observed for GST alpha, theta, and pi in normal and tumorous breast tissue in 100% of the samples. In …

Properties Of Bacillus Cereus Collected From Different Food Sources, Kiymet Güven, M. Burçi̇n Mutlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Forty-nine Bacillus cereus isolates were obtained from 10 different food samples consumed in Turkey. The isolates were identified as B. cereus based on colonial, cellular morphology, and biochemical characters, including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. The potentials of 53 isolates including a reference strain, B. cereus NRRL B-3711, and 3 strains from Japan were tested to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin (by the BCET-RPLA test) in BHI culture and 35 isolates (66%) were positive. Fatty acid composition varied for all B. cereus isolates, with 74 different fatty acids being detected. Grouping of B. cereus isolates by fatty acid composition suggested the …

Interaction Between Glomus Geosporum, Azotobacter Chroococcum, And Bacillus Coagulans And Their Influence On Growth And Nutrition Of Melia Azedarach L., Sevanan Rajeshkumar, Mathan Chandran Nisha, Padanilly Chidambaram Prabu, Lakew Wondimu, Thangavel Selvaraj

Turkish Journal of Biology

A green house nursery study was conducted to assess the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, a nitrogen fixing bacterium, Glomus geosporum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium (MHB), Bacillus coagulans, in soil and their consequent effect on growth and nutrition of Melia azedarach L. seedlings. Triple inoculation of G. geosporum, A. chroococcum, and B. coagulans resulted in maximum plant biomass, N, P, Zn, and Cu uptake, and biovolume and quality index of M. azedarach seedlings. It also increased the mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in the root zone soil of the inoculated plants over uninoculated control plants. The …

Changes In Anatomical Structure And Levels Of Endogenous Phytohormones During Leaf Rolling In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Drought Stress, Ni̇hal Kutlu, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Çi̇ğdem Tekeli̇, Gülcan Şenel, Peyami̇ Battal, Asim Kadioğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Leaf rolling occurs as a response to water deficit and its level increases as the drought period is progressing in plants. Changes in anatomical structure and levels of endogenous phytohormones were investigated under drought stress during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa. Leaf water potential (\Psi_{leaf}), some anatomical parameters, and the levels of phytohormones were determined at different visual levels of leaf rolling from 1 to 4. \Psi_{leaf}, thickness of mesophyll and lamina, and width/length ratio of hypodermis cells of leaves decreased while leaf rolling level increased. Diameters of xylem vessels and median vein, and length of upper and lower stomatal …

Induced Karyomorphological Variations In Three Phenodeviants Of Capsicum Annuum L., Girjesh Kumar, Priyanka Gupta

Turkish Journal of Biology

EMS was used as a mutagen in Capsicum annuum L. to isolate karyomorphological mutants. Seeds of Capsicum annuum L. var Azad were first pre-soaked in distilled water and then treated with 0.5% solution of EMS for 3 durations, i.e. 3, 5, and 7 h, and genetic segregation was closely observed. Many chromosomal anomalies like stickiness, bridges, and multivalent, secondary associations, laggards, and precocious movement were observed after all 3 durations of treatment. These anomalies showed a dose-dependent increase in frequency. The morphological parameters showed a decreasing trend along with the increasing dose. However, with the 7-h dose 3 morphologically distinct …

Characterization And Biological Activity Of Achillea Teretifolia Willd. And A. Nobilis L. Subsp. Neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek Essential Oils, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Betül Demi̇rci̇, İlhan Gürbüz, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, K. Hüsnü Can Başer

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aerial parts of the endemic Achillea teretifolia Willd. and A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek collected from Beyşehir were investigated for their essential oil compositions and several biological activities. The essential oils were analyzed both by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components were identified as 1,8-cineole (34%), camphor (11%), terpinen-4-ol (8%), and α-thujone (5%) for A. teretifolia essential oil, while fragranyl acetate (32%), fragranol (24%), and \beta-eudesmol (8%) for A. nobilis subsp. neilreichii essential oil, respectively. The essential oils were also evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity and their ability to scavenge …

In Vitro Screening Of The Antibacterial Activity And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Against Selected Vibrio Spp. Pathogens, Anjana Sharma, Virendra Kumar Patel

Turkish Journal of Biology

In vitro investigation of the vibriocidal activity of acetone extracts of Saraca indica Linn (Caesalpinaceae) and Datura stramonium Linn (Solanaceae), and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum Linn (Liliaceae) showed that they have antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant human pathogens. Disc diffusion assay showed that there was significant concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against standard strains of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 12 multidrug-resistant isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1. The crude plant extracts had zones of inhibition in the range of 7-27 mm against 1 or more test bacteria, with MIC ranging from 2.5 to 15 mg/ml. Acetone extracts of S. indica and D. …

Antibacterial Activity Of Aegopodium Podagraria L. Extracts And Interaction Between Extracts And Antibiotics, Olgica Stefanovic, Ljiljana Comic, Dragana Stanojevic, Slavica Solujic Sukdolak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antibacterial activities of aqueous, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiaceae) were tested in vitro against 6 bacteria species. Antibacterial properties were determined by disk diffusion and tube dilution method. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), the ethanol extract showed the highest activity (1.25-5 mg/ml). Among the tested bacteria, the most sensitive species were Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, while the most resistant was Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol extract was chosen to investigate the effects of its combinations with commercial antibiotics by the checkerboard method. Results showed that the interactions between ethanol extract/streptomycin and ethanol …

The Antibacterial And Antifungal Effects Of Rhododendron Derived Mad Honey And Extracts Of Four Rhododendron Species, Ömer Ertürk, Fatma Pehli̇van Karakaş, Derya Pehli̇van, Nurşah Nas

Turkish Journal of Biology

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of mad honey and the crude extracts (leaves and flowers) of Rhododendron ponticum L. subsp. ponticum, Rhododendron luteum L., Rhododendron smirnovii L., and Rhododendron caucasicum L. (Ericaceae) were investigated. A total of 17 microbial organisms belonging to 16 species of bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus licheniformis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Candida albicans were studied using a disk-diffusion and agar dilution (minimal inhibition concentration) method. The antimicrobial activity of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of …

Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Diospyros Ebenum Roxb. Leaf Extracts, Yogesh Baravalia, Mital Kaneria, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, Jigna Parekh, Sumitra Chanda

Turkish Journal of Biology

The therapeutic properties of plants, including antioxidant and antibacterial activity, have been investigated. In the present study the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Diospyros ebenum Roxb. were evaluated for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity and antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity was determined against Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564, and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 using the agar well diffusion method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of these extracts was determined as the gallic acid and quercetin equivalent, respectively. Results show that the methanol extract was active against all 5 bacterial …