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Modern Invertebrate Footprints Compared With Fossil Footprints From The Coconino Sandstone (Permian), Marilyn A. Emtage

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Laboratory studies of trackways of the crayfish, Cambarus clarkii were conducted, and the footprints compared with fossil invertebrate footprints (Paleohelcura sp.) of the Permian Coconino sandstone of Northern Arizona, and similar footprints of other sandstone. Fine grained sand (similar to that composing the Coconino sandstone) was placed in a plexiglass tank to form slopes of various angles. The crayfish walked up and down slopes of 10°± 3°, 20°± 2°, 25° and on level sand, and their trackways were photographed. Trackways were produced on wet sand and underwater sand, but the animals would not walk on dry sand. Clear individual impressions …

Distribution And Behavior Study Of Diurnal Tree Squirrels In Portland, Oregon, With Emphasis On The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus Griseus Ord) And The Western Fox Squirrel (S. Niger Rufiventer E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire), Ira Young Rice Iii

Dissertations and Theses

Populations of diurnal tree squirrels in the Portland area were located by mail surveys, personal interviews, and field inspections. Pine squirrels were found to reside in thickly wooded residential areas with dense understories and running water nearby. Western gray squirrels occupied habitats in relatively quiet residential neighborhoods, in areas well supplied with mast crops. Western fox squirrels were found to coexist with gray squirrels in their preferred habitat, and also to thrive in park settings with few mast trees and high activity and noise levels. In areas occupied by both fox and gray squirrels, dominant-subordinate relationships were noted. Each species …

Seasonal Abundance & Diversity Of Fishes At Three Stations On The Middle Fork Of Drake's Creek, Warren & Allen Counties, Kentucky, David Bell

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A total of 7,485 fish, representing 49 species, 25 genera, and 11 families, were electroshocked from three stations on the Middle Fork of Drake's Creek during the period January, 1972 through January, 1973. Community structure was influenced by seasonal changes in both numbers of species and numbers of individuals. The number of species per collection was at its highest, at all stations, during the month of September. The total number of species and individuals collected at each station progressively increased toward the upstream areas. Eleven of the forty-nine species collected during the course of the study provided 91.8% of the …

Gap Formation: A Reproductive Isolating Mechanism For Parus Atricapillus And P. Carolinensis In Northern Indiana, Peter Gorham Merritt

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Gonadal Hormone Manipulations On Aggressive Target-Biting In Mice, George C. Wagner

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Isolation, Purification And Partial Characterization Of Some Isoenzymes Of Human Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, M. Sue Jones

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by M. Sue Jones on July 18, 1977.

A Study Of Photoperiodic Time Measurement Of Samples From A Michigan Population Of Orconectes Immuni (Hagen), E. Lynn Talton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Experiments were conducted to determine if an hourglass model is the mechanism whereby photoperiodic time is measured by the crayfish, Orconectes immunis. Two experiments were conducted in which there were three series of treatments. Series I and II were T experiments in which T was the total length of the light-dark cycle. In Series I the light phase of the cycle was held at 16 hours with varied lengths of darkness (LD 16:2, T 18; LD 16:8, T 24; LD 16:20, T 36; LD 16:32, T 48). In Series II the dark phase was 8 hours in length and …

Meeting Of The Elephant Interest Group At Michigan State University, June 21, 1977, Jeheskel Shoshani

Elephant

Digest of the minutes of the first informal meeting of the Elephant Interest Group at the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mamalogists (ASM).

Buoyancy Changes As Related To Respiratory Behavior In An Amphibious Snail, Pomacea Urceus (Müller), From Venezuela, Kathleen A. Burky, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

The ampullariid Pomacea urceus uses its ctenidium and lung in respiration. The snails reach the surface with their siphon and ventilate their lung by withdrawing their head-foot in a pumping action. The lung gas also serves to change the buoyancy of the snails. After a ventilation a snail does not necessarily return to the same buoyancy level. They may achieve overall specific gravities of <1 to > 1 after a ventilation. They may remain submerged (s.g. > 1) or float (s.g.

The Effect Of Septal Lesions And Postoperative Time Delay On A Shuttle Sidman Avoidance Task, Martin David Tier

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Education at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Martin David Tier on June 9, 1977.

The Effect Of Carbon Dioxide Concentration On Calcification In The Red Coralline Alga Bossiella Orbigniana, A. Dwight Smith

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The relationship between various experimental concentrations of CO2 and calcification was studied by measuring Ca-45 incorporation into the crystalline matrix. Air containing CO2 at partial pressures (Pc02) of 0.04% to 5.5% was bubbled through synthetic sea water in incubation vessels. The resultant pH values ranged from 8.7 to 6.5. The relative concentrations ofCO2, HCO3 , and CO2— 3 were calculated from the measured ' pH—PCO2 combinations. Calcification was correlated positively with HCO expressed as percent of total carbon. Maximum calcification of about one—third above normal occurred between 0.1% and 1.0% P CCOO22 At 0.26% P calcification increased as increments of …

An Analysis Of Species Recognition In Sympatric, Allopatric And Reciprocally Cross-Fostered Peromyscus Californicus And Peromyscus Eremicus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), Ronald L. Carter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Experiments were performed to compare homospecific and heterospecific mate selection in two closely related species, Peromyscus californicus and Peromyscus eremicus. Comparisons were made between allopatric and sympatric populations and between males and females for mate selection performance. Both species made significant choice for the homospecific chambers. Significant homospecific choice was made by mice from sympatric populations, whereas allopatric populations did not demonstrate significant choice. No significant difference in choice performance was demonstrated between males and females even when the estrus stages of the females were controlled.

A comparison of different testing lengths and temporal regimes of data collection was performed …

Optimal Foraging: A Selective Review Of Theory And Tests, G.H. Pyke, H.R. Pulliam, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

Beginning with Emlen (1966) and MacArthur and Pianka (1966) and extending through the last ten years, several authors have sought to predict the foraging behavior of animals by menas of mathematical models. These models are very similar, in that they all assume that the fitness of a foraging animal is a function of the efficiency of foraging measured in terms of some "currency" (Schoener, 1971) - usually energy - and that natural selection has resulted in animals that forage so as to maximize this fitness. As a result of these similarities, the models have become known as "optimal foraging models"; …

A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Observations or a small group of pikas, (Ochotona princeps) occupying a southwest facing roadfill on Mt. Hood, Oregon (1518 m) were made during the fall or 1976. Territorial sizes of 305.5 m² and 121 m² were determined based on territorial displays. These territories were compared with those observed in other studies. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor was 15.1 m. A pair relationship between two of the pikas and a dominance order are discussed. The seasonal progression of the haypiles and the reactions of the pikas to other animals are also noted.

Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston

Dissertations and Theses

A group of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) was acclimated to 18-20˚C and artificial photo-period for 21 days. The animals were then individually placed in a thermal gradient and their selected temperatures were continuously recorded for 24 hours. A second group of turtles was acclimatized to 7.5-11.0˚C and natural photoperiods for 28 days, and subsequently tested in the same manner as the first group. Lastly, the turtles in the first group, after being acclimated to 3.0˚C and the previous artificial photoperiod for 14 days, were retested in the gradient.

A Preliminary Investigation Of The Lipid Of Halophilic Bacteria As A Food Additive, Neil F. Collins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining workable quantities of the unusual ether-linked phosphatidyl glycerophosphate of halophilic bacteria through batch culture of Halobacterium halobium. Once isolated and purified, physical, emulsification, and toxicological properties of the lipid were evaluated with respect to its use as a nonnutritive lipid substitute or an emulsifier by the food industry. These evaluations included physical descriptions, melting properties, hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) determination, and oral and intraperitoneal administration of the lipid to laboratory mice.

Consumption, Digestion, And Utilization By Goats Of The Dry Matter And Nitrogen In Diets Containing Oak (Quercus Gambelii) Foliage, Anastasios Stefanos Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I
A study of animal performance was made with goats fed, ad libitum ground and pe11eted mixtures of Gambe1 oak and alfalfa. Intake, digestibility, metabolizable nitrogen, and metabolized energy of oak diets were generally lower than those for a control alfalfa diet. However, no significant differences in live weight gains of experimental animals were found. No apparent toxicity was detected in goats fed diets containing up to 80 percent oak for 72 days.

Part II
Mixtures of oak (Quercus gambelii) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were used to evaluate three laboratory techniques, the Tilley and Terry …

Autoecology Of The Ruderal Weed Heterotheca Grandiflora With Emphasis On Germination Dimorphism, Stephan Dexter Flint

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weedy species, as they occupy diverse and unpredictable environments, are expected to possess considerable variability in numerous characteristics, including germination. The visually dimorphic achenes of Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. (Asteraceae) were tested for potentially adaptive differences in their germination, the establishment of the resulting seedlings, and the relative production of the two achene types.

Achenes produced by the disc florets are adapted for dispersal and rapid germination while the ray florets produce smaller achenes lacking a dispersal mechanism, but possessing a more sophisticated physiological system capable of regulating germination. Ray achene germination rates were significantly influenced by different soil surfaces while …

Genetic Control Of Spermiogenesis In Drosophila Melanogaster: The Effects Of Abnormal Association Of Centrosome And Nucleus In Mutant Ms(1)6s, Douglas Lee Habliston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutant ms(l)6S of Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by a spectrum of abnormalities of spermatid differentiation. Included in these are failure of the basal body to make normal attachment to the nucleus, failure of acrosomes to develop, and lack of a normal pupulation of perinuclear microtubules. There is also a failure of normal chromatin condensation and nuclear elongation. The mitochondria do not form a normaI nebenkern, but nevertheless fuse, elongate, and develop paracrystalline bodies. The number of normal axonemes is markedly reduced as a result of the failure of some centrioles to form basal bodies. All of these aberrations can be …

Behavioral Aspects Of Southwest Michigan Opilionids, Wolfgang C. Schroeter

Masters Theses

Introduction

Opilionids (Arachnida: Opiliones) are arachnids that have such descriptive common names as harvestmen or daddy longlegs. In the summer and early autumn opilionids become a conspicuous component of the invertebrate fauna; however, as common as these animals are, little attention has been paid to their behavior. Most published research on opilionids deals with their taxonomy.

The intraspecific interactions of opilionids is a significant area or ethology that needs careful examination. Intraspecific interactions fall into three categories reproductive, aggressive, and cooperative behaviors. A knowledge of the reproductive behavior of opilionids is essential for a complete picture or the evolution of …

A Bioassay Study Of Portage Creek Using Tetrahymena Pyriformis As An Indicator Organism, George T. Mimidis

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Bronchial Clearance In The Syrian Hamster Using Tantalum Bronchography, David Joseph Velasquez

Biology ETDs

A technique using simultaneous bilateral radiographic exposures of the bronchial tree of Syrian hamsters was used to examine clearance patterns of tantalum powder, an inert radiopaque substance. The tantalum powder, nominally 2.5 µm diameter particle size, was insufflated in small amounts ranging from 6 mg to 344 mg into the lungs of 10 animals. In most cases the major bronchi of the lungs were well outlined with tantalum initially, as were several medium and small bronchi. The clearance of the tantalum was noted by making simultaneous radiographic exposures from two directions at exponentially increasing time intervals. Exposures were begun within …

A Study Of Home Range In Two Neotoma Fuscipes Colonies In Klamath County, Oregon, Brent D. Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Home ranges of dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) were determined by the exclusive boundary strip method in two colonies 630 m apart in Klamath County, Oregon. The mean home range area was 1800 - 1900 m² . Densities or trees and shrubs were determined on selected home ranges and densities of wood rat houses and nests were determined on all home ranges. No significant correlation was found between home range areas and densities of various trees and shrubs, home range areas and densities of woodrat houses and nests, or home range areas and weights of woodrats in …

Optimal Prey Selection In The Great Tit (Parus Major), John Krebs, Jonathan Erichsen, Michael Webber, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

We tested the predictions of an optimal foraging model using five captive great tits as predators. The birds were presented with two prey types, profitable and unprofitable, on a moving belt. Both prey types were made out of mealworms. When the encounter rate with both prey types was low, the birds were non-selective, but at a higher encounter rate with profitable prey, the birds selectively ignored the less profitable type and did so irrespective of the encounter rate with them. These results are as predicted by the model, but the birds did not as predicted change from no selection in …

Evaluation Of Plantings For Wildlife On A Power Line Right Of Way In Southern Arkansas, Robert A. Pierce, Robert T. Kirkwood

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The combination of types of land preparation and species of plants seeded along a power line right-of-way was evaluated in terms of the effects upon wildlife. Relative population densities of plants, birds, and mammals were determined for each of the areas under study. A study of the reduction in maintenance costs in relation to the initial investment for preparation and seeding of the land was made

Oxygen Toxicity In The Mammalian Liver, Dennis A. Baeyens, M. J. Meier

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen tensions on the oxygen consumption of mouse liver homogenates was investigated. It was found that hyperbaric oxygen rapidly inhibits the oxidative metabolism of the mammalian liver. Mouse liver homogenate exposed to an oxygen tension of 3837.8 mm Hg for 30 minutes demonstrated a 50.6% reduction in oxygen consumption compared to controls exposed to nitrogen at ambient pressure. The effects of reduced glutathione as a protective agent against hyperbaric oxygen toxicity were also examined. Liver homogenates pretreated with reduced glutathione and exposed to hyperbaric oxygen tensions demonstrated greater activity than untreated controls. It is concluded that: …

Temporal Aspects Of Calling Behavior In Oyster Toadfish, Opsanus-Tau, Michael L. Fine

Biology Publications

The oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau (Linnaeus), produces two calls: an agonistic grunt and a boatwhistle associated with courtship (Fish 1954; Tavolga 1958,1960; Gray and Winn 1961). The boatwhistle is produced only by males on nests (Gray and Winn 1961) and is endogenously driven as well as influenced by calling of surrounding males (Winn 1964, 1967, 1972; Fish 1972). A toadfish, not hearing other males, may still boatwhistle for long periods and attract a female. Although toadfish may be influenced to call by the calling of adjacent males, one would assume the circadian patterning of the boatwhistle to be influenced by …

Revision Of Pectis Section Pectidium (Compositae: Tageteae), David J. Keil

Biological Sciences

Pectis L. sect. Pectidium (Less.) A. Gray is a small but very wide-ranging group of taxa. The geographic range of this section includes both insular distribution patterns and broad disjunctions. In an effort to clarify the systematic relationships and to provide a possible explanation for the interesting distribution patterns, I undertook an investigation of this section.

Isoenzyme Loci In Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta L.) - Detection And Interpretation From Population Data, Fred W. Allendorf, N. Mitchell, N. Ryman, G. Stahl

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Previously reported results on natural populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) urged further studies using additional electrophoretically detectable loci. Samples of brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, and muscle from approximately 50 specimens from each of two populations and a large number of muscle samples from several additional populations were examined. Electrophoretic and staining methods for the 37 enzymes studied are given in detail. Of a total of 69 loci detected, 54 loci were considered usable in population genetics screenings. The expression of the loci coding for these enzymes is described and interpreted. The results presented will serve as …

The Gross Morphology Of The Internal Tendons Of The Muscles Of The Human Lower Extremity, Nadhi Gagnantadilok

Dissertations

No abstract provided.