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Relationships Between Blood Parasites, Mating Success And Phenotypic Cues In Male Sage Grouse Centrocercus Urophasianus, Robert M. Gibson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

In lek breeding Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus in eastern California, male mating success is strongly correlated with individual differences in lek attendance, and in the rate and acoustic quality of courtship display, suggesting that these provide cues by which females choose mates. Increased lek attendance and high display rates also associated with elevated metabolic expenditure. This paper examines the hypothesis that the ability to commit energy to display is related to the incidence of blood parasites. A single hematozoan genus, Haemoproteus, was found in 37.5% of 184 Sage Grouse sampled over a five year period. Parasitism varied across years and …

Effects Of Ambient Lake Mohave Temperatures On Development, Oxygen Consumption, And Hatching Success Of The Razorback Sucker, Michael A. Bozek, Larry J. Paulson, Gene R. Wilde

Publications (WR)

Spawning of razorback suckers, Xyrauchen texanus, in Lake Mohave occurred from 10-22° C and larvae were collected at water temperatures from 10-15° C in 1982 and 1983. In the laboratory, hatching success was similar from 12-20° C, but reduced hatching success was found at 10° C while none hatched at 8°C. Development rate and oxygen consumption were positively related to incubation temperature. Direct effects of ambient Lake Mohave water temperatures on hatching success of razorback sucker embryos are considered minimal. Historical spawning temperatures for the species are hypothesized based upon successful incubation temperatures and comparison to the white sucker, …

Regulation Of Gonadotropins By Steroids In Isolated Rat Pituitary Cells, Lenette L. Renier

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Resistance Of The Cotton Mouse, House Mouse, Guinea Pig And Broad-Headed Skink To Larvae Of The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes Scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), Jordi L. Galbe

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Mus musculus , the house mouse (laboratory strain), Peromyscus gossypinus. the cotton mouse, Eumeces laticeps. the broad-headed skink, and Cavia porcellus, the guinea pig, were successively infested five times with larvae of Ixodes scapularis. the blacklegged tick. Tick feeding success, engorgement weight and molting success were measured after each infestation. In general, a greater percentage of ticks (PM. musculus and E. laticeps than on P. gossypinus or Q. porcellus. P. gossypinus expressed partial resistance, measured in percentage of ticks feeding, during the third infestation, but showed increased tolerance during the fourth and …

Quantitative Evaluation Of Scanning Electron Microscopy-Examined Ciliary Morphological Changes In Control And Noise Exposed Guinea Pig Cochleas, S. Rydmarker, P. Nilsson, D. E. Dunn, C. Lindqvist

Scanning Microscopy

Many investigations of noise-induced hearing loss have demonstrated a poor correlation between hearing threshold and hair cell loss. One reason for this is that more subtle changes in the hair cell, such as detailed morphological changes of stereocilia, have not been evaluated. However, examining such changes increases the problem of distinguishing experimental pathological changes from artefacts. Preparation of the specimen for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) may result in too many artefacts for an adequate quantification of defects due to noise exposure.

One problem with some earlier studies seems to be lack of controls and/or statistical analysis for the purpose of …

Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition: A Kinetic Study Using A Type I Collagen Gel Model, Gretchen S. Mandel, Paul B. Halverson, Melisa Rathburn, Neil S. Mandel

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease is characterized by deposits of triclinic (t) and monoclinic (m) CPPD crystals in articular and fibrocartilage. Many investigators have attempted to model CPPD crystal growth using both solution and a variety of gel systems. We have investigated the effect of type I collagen fibrils on CPPD crystal nucleation and growth using an ionic diffusion model. Collagen was isolated from porcine menisci using a pepsin solubilization procedure and gelled in three layers, with one containing 10 mM pyrophosphate (PPi) plus physiologic ions, the middle containing only the ions, while the third contained 25 mM …

The Secondary Blood Vessel System Of Segmental Arteries And Dorsal Aorta In Blennius Pavo And Zosterisessor Ophiocephalus. Histology, Fine Structure And Sem Of Vascular Corrosion Casts., F. Lahnsteiner, A. Lametschwandtner, R. A. Patzner

Scanning Microscopy

The secondary blood vessel system of the segmental arteries and of the dorsal aorta of the teleost fish Blennius pavo and Zosterisessor ophiocephalus are examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy of appropriately processed tissue and of vascular corrosion casts. Dorsal, lateral and ventral segmental arteries and the caudal portions of the dorsal aorta have a secondary vessel system. The secondary vessels are formed by capillaries which arise from the proximal portions of the segmental arteries and from the caudal parts of the dorsal aorta. In Z. ophiocephalus these capillaries are strongly dilated at their …

Electron Microscopy Of Endothelial Cell - Biopolymer Interaction, Stuart K. Williams, Timothy Schneider, Bruce E. Jarrell

Scanning Microscopy

Vascular endothelial cells form a natural antithrombogenic lining on all blood vessels. Replacement or bypass of small diameter blood vessels with artificial polymeric grafts has not been clinically acceptable due to the thrombogenic nature of polymeric material. One approach to improving the patency of vascular prosthetic devices has been the establishment of endothelial monolayers on the blood flow surface using the technique known as seeding. Scanning electron microscopy has been a major tool in evaluating the interaction of endothelial cells with polymeric surfaces resulting in a basic understanding of forces and structures regulating endothelium-polymer interactions. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have …

Release Of Hemoglobin And Potassium From Human Red Blood Cells Treated With Triton X-100 Under The Critical Micellar Concentration, P. Bogner, M. Kellermayer, C. F. Hazlewood

Scanning Microscopy

The action of detergents is thought to be connected primarily with micelle formation. However, detergent monomers can also effect biological systems. It was found in this study that human red blood cells can be disintegrated with Triton X-100 non-ionic detergent at a concentration of 0.007 %, lower than the critical micellar concentration (CMC). The time dependent release of hemoglobin and potassium was detected at 37°C and both were sigmoid in character. Although potassium was released faster than hemoglobin, a cooperative relationship between potassium and hemoglobin within the intact red blood cell is suggested by this observation.

Studies Of Heart Development In Normal And Cardiac Lethal Mutant Axolotls: A Review, M. E. Fransen, L. F. Lemanski

Scanning Microscopy

The morphology of developing hearts in axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to provide a chronology of morphogenesis that can be correlated with ongoing biochemical and immunocytochemical studies. In addition to normal embryos we have studied homozygous recessive cardiac lethal mutant axolotls. The mutant myocardium undergoes aberrant sarcomere development and lacks a normal heartbeat. Morphogenesis of mutant hearts appears to be nearly normal with respect to myocardial cell shape changes, epicardial formation, and the distribution of extracellular matrix fibrils in the cardiac jelly. This suggests that the deficient arrangement of contractile proteins in …

Cryofixation Of Heart Tissue For X-Ray Microanalysis, Alice Warley

Scanning Microscopy

Cryofixation of tissues is necessary to be able to study the concentrations of elements by X-ray microanalysis. Simple dissection of heart tissue fragments of the size needed for optimum cryofixation by the conventional methods of plunge or slam freezing leads to the development of ischaemia in the tissue fragments and a consequent redistribution of the diffusible elements. Heart tissue can be frozen in vivo using liquid nitrogen cooled Cu clad pliers, but the morphological detail is preserved better if the cooled pliers are exposed to liquefied propane immediately before freezing, Concentrations of Na are lower and concentrations of K are …

Bone Ingrowth Into Porous Coated Canine Total Hip Replacements. Quantification By Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy And Image Analysis, Murali Jasty, Charles R. Bragdon, Steven Schutzer, Harry Rubash, Teresa Haire, William H. Harris

Scanning Microscopy

Bone ingrowth into titanium fiber mesh porous-surfaced canine total hip replacement prostheses was evaluated and quantified using a computer assisted image analysis system attached to a scanning electron microscope equipped with a back scattered electron detector. Excellent contrast between the bone, the porous metal and the soft tissues resulted in the backscatter mode, allowing easy differentiation of these components in real time by the image analysis based on gray scales. By three weeks the mean (± standard deviation) amount of bone ingrowth expressed as a percentage of porous layer measured 7.2% (± 1.5%) for the acetabular components, and 3.9% (± …

Introduction And Enhancement Of Vegetative Cover At Lake Mead, Jennifer S. Haley, Lisa K. Croft, Suzanne E. Leavitt, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Studies done by the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) and the Arizona Fish and Game between 1978 and 1981 indicate that inadequate cover may be limiting the production and survival of largemouth bass at the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA). As a result of these studies, NDOW initiated a contract in 1986 with the Lake Mead Research Center (LMRC) to investigate means of improving habitat for game fish by introducing natural and/or artificial cover. During Phase I (1986-1987) of this contract, the shoreline of Lake Mead was surveyed for aquatic and terrestrial plant growth. Also during this time, submerged …

Achilles Tendon Replacement By A Collagen Fiber Prosthesis: Morphological Evaluation Of Neotendon Formation., Arthur J. Wasserman, Y. Pedro Kato, David Christiansen, Michael G. Dunn, Frederick H. Silver

Scanning Microscopy

Reconstituted type I collagen was processed into fibers which were subsequently severely dehydrated and cyanamide cross-linked. Fibers prepared by this method were stronger and more resistant to degradation than uncrosslinked fibers. When used as a tendon replacement prosthesis, morphological events occurred which were observed by light, scanning, transmission electron microscopy and electron histochemistry.

Resorption was the initial host response to the prosthesis and involved gradual biodegradation. Formation of a host-replacement tendon was the second response. Increased collagen fibril diameters and a transition in the proteoglycan/collagen fibril interactions occurred in the newly developing connective tissue between 3 and 10 weeks post-implantation. …

A Stereoscopic Scanning Electron Microscope Study Of Pulmonary Hypoplasia In Chondrodystrophic Mice, W. Bradford Hepworth, Robert E. Seegmiller

Scanning Microscopy

Pulmonary hypoplasia is a life threatening condition in newborns resulting from a generalized underdevelopment of the lungs. The lung disorder is usually secondary to conditions outside the lung such as thoracic volume reduction. The precise mechanism by which thoracic volume reduction prevents normal lung development and growth is unknown. As a model for human pulmonary hypoplasia associated with lethal skeletal dysplasia, a stereoscopic SEM study of chondrodystrophic (cho) fetal mouse lungs fixed by intratracheal instillation with 3% glutaraldehyde was conducted. In comparison with lungs of phenotypically normal littermates, the mutant's lungs appeared unaffected with respect to structure of major …

Changes In The Esophageal Epithelium In Rabbits Treated By Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum As Studied By Electron Microscopy, M. Albertsson, C. -H. Hakansson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

The esophageal mucosa of the rabbit was investigated after a single dose of 5 mg Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (Cis-DDP). Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Examination was performed daily for 20 consecutive days. A cytotoxic effect was observed already the first day after injection with an intracellular oedema. Thereafter the height of the esophageal epithelium and the basal cell layer steadily decreased to a minimum day 11. This parallels the damaged microridges and an increased cell loss as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. At the end of the observation period the esophageal mucosa had completely …

The Effect Of 10 And 20 Gy Single Dose Irradiation On The Esophageal Mucosa Of The Rabbit. An Electron Microscopic Study, C. H. Hakansson, M. Albertsson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

The mucosa of rabbit esophagus was irradiated with single doses of 10 and 20 Gy respectively. Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light microscopy investigations. Examinations were made 1-14 days after 10 Gy and 1-17 days after 20 Gy. Irradiation resulted in edema during the first days. The thickness of the epithelium was at its lowest value around day 5 after the administration of 10 Gy, and on days eight to ten after the administration of 20 Gy. Damage of the epithelium surface, as scored on SEM micrographs, was most pronounced on days eight to eleven after …

Muscle Activities That Stretch The Mind, James L. Hanegan, Heather Mckean

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Identification And Characterization Of Peptidoglycan-Associated Proteins In Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae, Stuart A. Hill, Ralph C. Judd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The principal proteins associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae peptidoglycan (PG), as identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, are the following: two proteins at approximately 90 kilodaltons (kDa), single major species at both 60 and 44 kDa, a 34- to 36-kDa protein, and three proteins between 28 and 32 kDa. A protein analogous to Escherichia coli Braun lipoprotein was not detected with gonococcal cell wall preparations. The identity of the PG-associated proteins was confirmed immunologically with antibody generated against purified cell walls. Two types of protein species, dithiothreitol extractable (the majority) and alkylation dependent (primarily the 34- to 36-kDa protein), appeared …

Foraging Decisions In A Patchy Environment, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

This is a Science Citation Classic commentary on the Marginal Value Theorem [Charnov, 1976]

Strontium And Bromide As Tracers In X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Tissue, Joanna Wroblewski, Samuel Sagström, Helmy Mulders, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

Since energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis cannot distinguish between isotopes of the same element, alternative methods have to be used to get information similar to that obtained in experiments with radioactive tracers. In the present study, strontium was used as a tracer for calcium, and bromide as a tracer for chloride. Rats were injected with strontium chloride in vivo, and the uptake of strontium in the acinar cells of the submandibular gland was studied. Eventually a Sr/Ca ratio of 0.3 was reached. In some animals, secretion of mucus had been elicited by stimulation with isoproterenol 4 h prior to injection …

Bone Lining Cells: Structure And Function, Scott C. Miller, Louis De Saint-Georges, Beth M. Bowman, Webster S. S. Jee

Scanning Microscopy

Bone lining cells (BLC's) cover inactive (nonremodeling) bone surfaces, particularly evident in the adult skeleton. BLC's are thinly extended over bone surfaces, have flat or slightly ovoid nuclei, connect to other BLC's via gap junctions, and send cell processes into surface canaliculi. BLC's can be induced to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cells and may represent a source of "determined" osteogenic precursors. BLC's and other cells of the endosteal tissues may be an integral part of the marrow stromal system and have important functions in hematopoiesis, perhaps by controlling the inductive microenvironment. Because activation of bone remodeling occurs on inactive …

Osteoclast Features Of Cells That Resorb Demineralized And Mineral-Containing Bone Implants In Rats, Cedo M. Bagi, Scott C. Miller

Scanning Microscopy

The comparative temporal tissue response to demineralized bone matrix powder (DBP) and devitalized mineral containing bone powder (MCP) implanted subcutaneously in rats was studied. The tissue response to implanted DBP followed the well described endochondral osteogenic pathway and included the appearance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. On the other hand, implanted MCP resulted in the appearance of a large population of giant cells that resorbed the implants. At later times (3-4 weeks), most of the cells in the MCP implants appeared as typical foreign body giant cells with extensive membrane foldings, usually away from bone surface. Some cells did, however, have …

Structural And Compositional Changes In Aging Bone: Osteopenia In Lumbar Vertebrae Of Wistar Female Rats, M. Silbermann, M. Safadi, D. Schapira, I. Leichter, R. Steinberg

Scanning Microscopy

Changes in vertebral bone mineral content and density during aging were quantified in female Wistar rats. This study represents a longitudinal follow up utilizing single photon absorptiometry for the measurement of bone mineral content (BMC), quantitative computed tomography (OCT) for the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), and image analysis histomorphometry for the measurement of trabecular bone volume (TBV) and bone cortical area (BCA). The above measurements were accompanied by biochemical assays of calcium concentrations in the respective bones. All aging animals experienced significant decreases in BMC, BMD, TBV, BCA and in the calcium content of their bones. The above …

Microprobe Analysis Of Element Distribution In Bovine Extracellular Matrices And Muscle, M. B. Engel, H. R. Catchpole

Scanning Microscopy

The concentrations of some essential elements, Na, K, P, S and Cl were determined by microprobe analysis in bovine extracellular matrices of cartilage, tendon and elastic tissue (ligamentum nuchae) and in muscle cells. The values for the different tissues were compared and related to the blood electrolyte concentrations. Among the connective tissues the highest Na and lowest Cl values were found for cartilage which bears a high negative charge. The lowest concentrations of these elements occurred in elastic tissue which is relatively non-polar. In the three extracellular matrices sodium levels exceeded potassium. In myofibers potassium was the major cation at …

Bacillus-Shaped Deposits Composed Of Hexahedrally Based Crystals In Human Dental Calculus, T. Kodaka, A. Hirayama, K. Miake, S. Higashi

Scanning Microscopy

In human supra- and subgingival calculus, bacillus-shaped deposits showing various rocky-pile forms composed of hexahedrally based crystals were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The crystal size measured approximately 0.1 - 1.5 μm. The electron probe microanalysis always detected calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium. Their molar ratios resembled those of magnesium-containing whitlockite and moreover the crystals also gave the electron diffraction pattern of whitlockite. The bacillus-shaped deposits happened to coexist with the intracellular calcifying microorganisms, furthermore, oral microorganisms partially replaced by the hexahedrally based crystals were found. The crystal deposits were never seen in the surface layers of calculus exposed to the …

Quantitative Measurement From Vascular Casts, Ralph G. Kratky, Christine M. Zeindler, Dorian K. C. Lo, Margot R. Roach

Scanning Microscopy

A review of quantitative measurements show casting materials shrink from 0.2 - 20% and have viscosities ranging from 1.4 - 100,000 centipoise. Blood vessels have highly variable mechanical properties. Some microvessels are very stiff having little change in dimensions with pressure. Larger vessels generally change diameter significantly but show highly variable changes in length with pressure. Perfusion fixation does not fix the dimensions of blood vessels. Dog carotid arteries well fixed with glutaraldehyde at physiologic dimensions retain ≈20% of their elastic recoil circumferentially and ≈30% longitudinally. We recommend vascular casting as a method of accurately measuring the vasculature if care …

Surface Heterogeneity Of Tumor Cells And Changes Upon Ionizing Radiation, Z. Somosy, Orsolya Csuka, Tamara Kubasova, J. Kovács, G. J. Köteles

Scanning Microscopy

Heterogeneous distribution of surface domains is a characteristic feature of the tumor cell surface and the distribution differs from that of normal cells. During the malignant transformation the heterogeneity may change or disappear. Cell lines with various metastasizing capacities show different distributions of membrane domains or other differences in membrane or surface organization. We have demonstrated that the amount and distribution of negatively charged sites of B 16 melanoma membranes changed upon ionizing radiation (X-ray, ⁶⁰Co-gamma). In the case of the P 388 lymphoma, however, only the amount of negatively charged sites change after irradiation, the distribution remains unaltered. …

Oxalate Crystallization In The Kidney In The Presence Of Hyperuricemia, Shinshi Noda, Kenichi Hayashi, Kousaku Eto

Scanning Microscopy

It has been a long time since uric acid was suggested to be a promoting factor in calcium oxalate stones, and a number of in vitro studies have been carried out on the relationship between uric acid or urate and calcium oxalate.

Concerning in vivo studies, urate or calcium oxalate stone-forming diets were given alone in most cases, and diets that induce formation of stones with different composition have not been given in combinations. We administered a low-concentration oxalemic diet, and a mixed diet containing oxalic acid and uric acid, and biochemically and histologically studied the effects of oxalate and …

The Physical State Of Potassium In The Human Lymphocyte: A Review, William Negendank

Scanning Microscopy

Studies of the effects of chemical potential, temperature, and metabolic perturbation on static ion contents, kinetics of the approach to equilibrium, and kinetics of ionic self-exchange in human lymphocytes are reviewed. The results contradict the classical concept of cell ion and water physiology, the membrane-osmotic, pump-leak theory, and are re-interpreted by an adsorption model of the cell. In this model, most of cell water exists in a physical state sufficiently ordered to reduce the partition function of dissolved ions, and most of cell potassium is associated with fixed charges on macromolecules. Competing adsorption of potassium and sodium is cooperative and …