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Phenotypic Subpopulations Of Macrophages And Dendritic Cells In Human Spleen, Patrick J. Buckley

Scanning Microscopy

Using immunohistochemical techniques and a large number of monoclonal antibodies, the presence and distribution of phenotypic subpopulations of macrophages (Mθs) and dendritic cells in human spleen were assessed. The results of this study show that different subsets of Mθs and dendritic cells are present in the spleen and that some of these occupy discrete microanatomic locations . In the red pulp (RP) certain antigens are expressed by different proportions of uniformly distributed Mθs in the cords . On the other hand, some antigens are present on Mθs that form clusters of variable size within the red pulp . These include …

Innervation And Vascular Pharmacodynamics Of The Mouse Spleen, Frank D. Reilly

Scanning Microscopy

Neurohistochemical and in vivo and electron microscopic methods demonstrated α-and ,β-adrenergic receptors and adrenergic innervation in arterioles and "arterial" capillaries of the mouse spleen. Such innervation and receptors in venules and channels within the red pulp were sparse. Cholinergic innervation and receptors were judged to be absent in the microvasculature. Histamine elicited arteriolar dilation which was blocked by metiamide suggesting the presence of H₂ receptors. However , following blockade of H₂ receptors, histamine produced arteriolar constriction. Serotonin elicited only venular constriction. Lactic acid caused arteriolar constriction; bradykinin and prostaglandins (PG) E₂ and PGF_2α triggered arteriolar constriction, …

An Ecological Description Of Three Black Bass Species In Two Northeastern Kentucky Muskellunge Streams, Albert F. Surmont Jr.

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Albert F. Surmont, Jr. on December 10, 1990.

Ultrastructural Effects Of Ionizing Radiation On Plant Cells, Á. Keresztes, E. Kovács

Scanning Microscopy

Ultrastructural effects of ionizing irradiation were investigated on the specific constituents of plant cells, primarily in fruits, with reference to mushroom cells and comparable data in the literature. In the cell wall the dissolution of the middle lamellae, probably due to radiation damage of pectin, and irregular thickenings were found. In the vacuole the quantity of inclusions changed, or unusual aggregations appeared, presumably in connection with altered phenolic biosynthesis . In chloroplasts the senescence was inhibited, and dedifferentiation occurred into agranal state. In amyloplasts starch hydrolysis was hind ere d. These platidial effects are considered as visible signs of inhibition …

The Role Of Polar Pili In The Adherence Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa To Injured Canine Tracheal Cells: A Semiquantitative Morphologic Study, D. E. Zoutman, W. C. Hulbert, B. L. Pasloske, A. M. Joffe, K. Volpel, M. K. Trebilcock, W. Paranchych

Scanning Microscopy

Pseudomonas aeruginosa adheres to respiratory epithelial cells in a highly specific fashion. In order to study the role of P. aeruginosa polar pili in the adherence process we conducted a quantitative morphological electron microscopic examination of P. aeruginosa adherence to SO₂ injured canine tracheal cells in vitro. A pilin lacking background strain of P. aeruginosa PAK (BLP2) was constructed using a gene replacement and it in turn was engineered to express either the pilin gene of P. aeruginosa PAO, PAK , or no pilin gene . After 30 minutes incubation of these bacterial strains with injured canine tracheal …

Diapause In The Earthworm, Aporrectodea Longa: Morphological And Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis Of Cryosectioned Chloragogenous Tissue, A. J. Morgan, C. Winters

Scanning Microscopy

The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, which experiences an apparent obligatory physiological resting state (“diapause”) in the temperate Summer, was collected monthly from February through to October. Morphological examination of the chloragocytes, and quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis of their constituent chloragosome granules prepared by cryoultramicrotomy and air-dried/smearing, were undertaken over this period. Worms entered diapause in May, and emerged from it between August and September. The long-term energy stores in the form of lipid, in addition to the more usual polysaccharide (glycogen) reserves, were accumulated by early diapause; the lipid was gradually consumed during diapause. In addition, the structure and composition …

Macroinvertebrate Drift Abundance Below Bonneville Dam And Its Relation To Juvenile Salmonid Food Habits, William Douglas Muir

Dissertations and Theses

There is a paucity of information concerning the invertebrate food resources available to juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River as they migrate seaward. Construction of mainstream dams has altered the temperature cycle, flow regime, and substrate which indigenous invertebrates were adapted to. Studies on how the macroinvertebrate community has adapted to these alterations have been neglected. This study was undertaken to help fill this void.

Macroinvertebrate drift samples were collected over a three year period in the Columbia River downstream from Bonneville Dam. Samples were collected with a D-ring plankton net fished on the bottom for one-half hour. Two sites …

Changes In Sodium Concentration In Cardiac Myocytes From Diabetic Rats, Alice Warley

Scanning Microscopy

The effects of streptozotocin induced diabetes on rats were studied. The animals showed an increase in blood glucose concentration and a loss of weight from both the body and the heart. Loss of weight from the heart was less severe leading to an increased heart to body weight ratio. Study of element concentrations by X-ray microanalysis showed that there was an increase in intracellular Na concentration in cardiac myocytes from the diabetic animals, but no change in Mg. These results agree with studies which show changes in Na/K ATPase after the onset of diabetes.

Microcirculatory Pathways And Blood Flow In Spleen: New Insights From Washout Kinetics, Corrosion Casts, And Quantitative Intravital Videomicroscopy, A. C. Groom, E. E. Schmidt, I. C. Macdonald

Scanning Microscopy

The dynamics of splenic microcirculatory blood flow and the role of the spleen with respect to red blood cells (RBCs) have been elucidated by means of several different experimental approaches. First, the organ was treated as a 'black box' and input/output relationships were studied, such as the kinetics of RBC and plasma washout during Ringer perfusion. Second, micro-corrosion casts were prepared from minimal amounts of injected material, such that 'fast' pathways for flow were selectively identified. Third, high-resolution video-microscopy was carried out in rat and mouse spleens transilluminated in vivo, with subsequent quantitative analysis of the data. New insights were …

Microprobe Analyses Of The Potassium-Calcium Distribution Relationship In Predentine, H. J. Höhling, H. Mishima, Y. Kozawa, T. Daimon, R. H. Barckhaus, K. -D. Richter

Scanning Microscopy

Apex regions of continuously growing incisors of Wistar rats were quickly dissected, shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled propane, freeze-dried at -80 °C and infiltrated with Spurr's resin . 400nm thick dry sections were cut with a diamond knife on an ultramicrotome . Relatively flat sections were transferred with an eye lash onto collodium coated aluminum grids. They were flattened with a glass stick and by placing another collodi um coated aluminum grid just on top of the first one, exerting a uniform pressure . After carbon coating the sections were observed using the backscattered and secondary electron signals in a scanning …

The Hall Method In The Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Specimens: A Review, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

In the two decades since its inception by T.A. Hall, the continuum theory of quantification has become the general method for quantitative analysis of biological specimens. Although the method was originally developed for thin specimens, its use has been extended to thicker specimens, and it has also been used in quantitative determinations of local water content. The single most important difficulty in the application of the "Hall method" is the accurate calculation of the extraneous continuum, i.e., the continuum due to non-specimen sources. The different variations in methods for quantitative analysis of local water content are critically compared and a …

Assessment Of Lipid Extraction From Human Bone On Subsequent Demineralization, Jaeeun Lee

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various solvents m removal of lipids from human bone, and to determine the effects of lipid extraction on subsequent acid solubilization of the mineral components of bone. Specifically, the following processing steps were studied; 1) ground human bone was de fatted in various ethanol / water mixtures, and / or chloroform / methanol ( 2: 1, v:v ), 2) ground human bone which had lipids extracted ( in absolute ethanol ) and bone which had not had lipids extracted were demineralized using vanous concentrations of hydrochloric acid to assess …

Characteristics Of Granulation Tissue Which Promote Hypertrophic Scarring, C. Ward Kischer, Jana Pindur, Peggy Krasovitch, Eric Kischer

Scanning Microscopy

Hyper trophic scars and keloids are characterized by nodules of collagen that originate in granulation tissue arising from full thickness or deep 2° injuries to the skin. Fifty-six granulation tissues of varying ages post-injury were examined morphologically for evidences of how the nodules and, thus, the scar form. New microvessels grow in ascension towards the free surface in a milieu of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. Collagen deposition increases with time from the base of the wound to the free surface and begins to concentrate between lateral branching of the new microvessels. Computer derived serial reconstructions of hypertrophic scar nodules indicate …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Celloidin-Embedded Inner Ear Sections, Kunihiro Mizuta, Tomoyuki Hoshino, Hirofumi Morita

Scanning Microscopy

The nerve fibers running inside the organ of Corti were studied in cats by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fixed temporal bones were decalcified and embedded in celloidin according to the conventional method. Thick serial sections (100-150 μm) were cut parallel to the basilar membrane. After removing the celloidin, the sections were freeze-dried in t-butyl alcohol. Though some outer hair cells had been deformed, the nerve fibers were well preserved for analysis.

Some new findings were observed in the present SEM study. The tunnel spiral bundle in a kitten took an atypical course on the floor of Corti's tunnel apart …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vascular Corrosion Casts - Technique And Applications: Updated Review, A. Lametschwandtner, U. Lametschwandtner, T. Weiger

Scanning Microscopy

The present paper states very briefly the main steps leading to the technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts. From the terms presently used (injection method, microcorrosion cast, injection replica, vascular corrosion cast, vascular cast) the use of "vascular corrosion cast" for lymphatic and blood vessels is recommended. Specification and pretreatment (kind, volume, dosage of anticoagulants, vasoactive substances and spasmolytica used) of the animals examined are referenced as they are available from the literature. The recommendation is given to pay more attention to these parameters than done so far. The steps necessary for producing reasonable and suitable …

Ultrastructural Investigations Of The Bone And Fibrous Connective Tissue Interface With Endosteal Dental Implants, David E. Steflik, Ralph V. Mckinney, Allen L. Sisk, David L. Koth, Baldev B. Singh, Gregory R. Parr

Scanning Microscopy

The interface between the tissues of the oral cavity and ceramic and titanium cylindrical endosteal dental implants was investigated with correlated light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This study suggested that mandibular bone can directly interface and form an intimate association with one-stage endosteal dental implants. This potential attachment matrix is composed of a composite of calcified bone, and an osteoid unmineralized matrix in association with an apparent osteogenic connective tissue. Further, results from this study suggested that at a level inferior to the junctional epithelium, and superior to the level of crestal bone, fibrous connective tissue …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies Of The Oral Tissue Responses To Dental Implants, David E. Steflik, Ralph V. Mckinney, Allen L. Sisk, Gregory R. Parr, David L. Koth

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and its associated technologies have proven invaluable in elucidating the interfacial oral tissue responses to dental implants. Since the dental implant must extend from the mandibular or maxillary jaw, through the oral mucosa, and into the oral cavity, these tissue responses include epithelium, connective tissue and bone. The continual occlusal forces acting upon these tissues reinforce the dynamic character of these tissue responses. Immediately upon implantation, a healing phase begins as a response to the implanted biomaterial. Following this immediate response a longer healing phase occurs, beginning approximately 1 week after implantation, resulting in the …

Kidney Structure Investigations Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Corrosion Casts - A State Of The Art Review, H. Ditrich, H. Splechtna

Scanning Microscopy

The corrosion casting technique using acrylic resins in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), was originally developed to investigate renal microvascular structure and is now also successfully used in studies on various other organs. However, in the last two decades nearly 100 papers have been published on the renal vascular anatomy of various taxa of vertebrates or on pathomorphological structures of kidneys, using this technique. Analyzing these works, trends and developments in this field can be summed up as follows: The majority of studies are anatomical works on the vascular system of kidneys from all vertebrate classes. In addition, experimental pathological …

Tests Of Three Hypotheses Of Hatching Asynchrony In The Common Tern, Patricia Bollinger, Eric Bollinger, Richard Malecki

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

We examined three hypotheses concerning hatching asynchrony in the Common Tern (Sterna hirundo). Survival of third-hatching "C-chicks" was significantly lower than that of "A-" and "B-chicks" in broods of three. In 2 yr when conditions did not appear favorable, survival was significantly higher in manipulated broods in which chicks hatched synchronously (73%) than in nonmanipulated broods (56%). Chicks in synchronous broods grew significantly faster than C-chicks and at a rate similar to A- and B-chicks. These results were inconsistent with the brood-reduction hypothesis, which predicts that hatching asynchrony will maximize brood success under conditions of food limitation. Chicks hatching from …

Tests Of Three Hypotheses Of Hatching Asynchrony In The Common Tern, Patricia B. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Richard A. Malecki

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

We examined three hypotheses concerning hatching asynchrony in the Common Tern (Sterna hirundo). Survival of third-hatching "C-chicks" was significantly lower than that of "A-" and "B-chicks" in broods of three. In 2 yr when conditions did not appear favorable, survival was significantly higher in manipulated broods in which chicks hatched synchronously (73%) than in nonmanipulated broods (56%). Chicks in synchronous broods grew significantly faster than C-chicks and at a rate similar to A- and B-chicks. These results were inconsistent with the brood-reduction hypothesis, which predicts that hatching asynchrony will maximize brood success under conditions of food limitation. Chicks hatching from …

Hypertension In The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Is Linked To The Y-Chromosome, Daniel Ely, Monte E. Turner

Biology Faculty Research

The objective of our study was to determine the genetic influence on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats using genetic crosses. Blood pressure was measured by tail sphygmomanometry from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Blood pressure was significantly higher from 12 to 20 weeks in the male offspring derived from WKY mothers x SHR fathers as compared with male offspring derived from SHR mothersxWKY fathers (180±4 versus 160±5 mm Hg, /?<0.01). There was no significant difference between the blood pressure of the F, females, further supporting Y chromosome linkage and not parental imprinting. The blood pressure data from F2 males derived from reciprocal crosses of parental strains were consistent with the presence of a Y-Iinked locus, but not with an X-linked locus controlling blood pressure. The data strongly suggest that hypertension in the SHR has two primary components of equal magnitude, one consisting of a small number of autosomal loci with a second Y-linked component.

Cryo-Preparation And Planar Magnetron Sputtering For Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy, T. Müller, P. Walther, C. Scheidegger, R. Reichelt, S. Müller, R. Guggenheim

Scanning Microscopy

Cryo-preparation is a reliable technique for the structural investigation of food products in low temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Artifacts, such as, the segregation of water/non-water ingredients, occur during the freezing process by the crystallization of ice; they can be helpful for correct interpretation of visualized details, e.g., the detection of water containing compartments. The size of the segregation structures depends on water concentration and specimen thickness. The condensation of water vapor (ice contamination) is influenced by the specimen temperature and the partial pressure of the water inside the vacuum system. Furthermore, the evaporation (sublimation, etching) of specimen water can …

The Morphology Of Synovial Lining Of Various Structures In Several Species As Observed With Scanning Electron Microscopy, Peter J. Steinberg, Kees C. Hodde

Scanning Microscopy

Data concerning surface morphology of synovial lining of tendons, tendon sheaths, cruciate ligaments, infra-patellar fat pads and peripatellar synovial ridges in various species (rat, rabbit, dwarf goat, sheep, pig, dog, human) are reported on. Supportive studies with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy were performed.

Three principal morphological appearances of the synovium are evident. On structures with a dense fibrous architecture like tendons, tendon sheaths and cruciate ligaments the intimal cells and processes are mostly slender and may tend to orientation in the length-axis of the structure. On the peri- and infrapatellar adipose tissues two principal 'extremes' are seen: …

The Microvasculature Of The Guinea Pig Ureter. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigation, S. Aharinejad, A. Lametschwandtner, W. Höltl, W. Firbas

Scanning Microscopy

In 24 albinotic guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) the gross vasculature and the microvascular architecture of the ureter were studied by light microscopy of tissue blocks and by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. The guinea pig ureter is supplied by the renal artery proximally, by the aorta and the internal iliac artery in its mid-segment, and by the uterine and prostatic as well as by the vesical arteries distally. The main arterial trunks run alongside the ureter before they branch to send perforating arterioles to the muscular coat and the mucosal lining. The draining venules are found on …

Biogeography And Species Density Distributions Of Tasmanian Mammals, Jerry E. Bevers

Dissertations and Theses

Separated from mainland Australia by the Bass Strait, Tasmania has acted as an island preserve maintaining large populations of many mammalian species presently uncommon, rare, or extinct on mainland Australia.

There are few studies of Tasmanian mammal distributions. Recent distributional maps, based on information from surveys and mammal specimens, allowed for an investigation of the species density distributions of the terrestrial mammals of Tasmania. Compilation of species' distributional information into species density distributions provides an overview as to which areas may provide the most significant habitat for the greatest number of species; what geographic variations may influence species distributions; and …

Spatial And Temporal Continuity Of Kangaroo Rat Populations Shown By Sequencing Mitochondrial Dna From Museum Specimens, W. Kelley Thomas, Svante Pääbo, Francis X. Villablanca, Allan C. Wilson

Biological Sciences

The advent of direct sequencing via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has opened up the possibility of molecular studies on museum specimens. Here we analyze genetic variation in populations over time by applying PCR to DNA extracted from museum specimens sampled from populations of one species over the last 78 years. Included in this study were 43 museum specimens of the Panamint kangaroo ratDipodomys panamintinus from localities representing each of three geographically distinct subspecies. These specimens were originally collected and prepared as dried skins in 1911, 1917, or 1937. For each specimen, a 225-bp segment of the mitochondrial genome …

Circadian Fluctuations Of Period Protein Immunoreactivity In The Cns And Visual System Of Drosophila, D. M. Zerr, J. C. Hall, M. Rosbash, Kathleen King Siwicki

Biology Faculty Works

When the protein encoded by the period (per) gene, which influences circadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster, was labeled with an anti- per antibody in adult flies sectioned at different times of day, regular fluctuations in the intensity of immunoreactivity were observed in cells of the visual system and central brain. These fluctuations persisted in constant darkness. Time courses of the changing levels of staining were altered in the per-short mutant: in light/dark cycles, the phase was earlier than in wild-type, and in constant darkness the period was shorter. In a per-long mutant and in behaviorally subnormal germline transformants (involving transduced …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

Electrophysiology, Cell Calcium, And Mechanisms Of Hepatocyte Volume Regulation, Walid E. Khalbuss

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The electrophysiologic technique (Reuss, L., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6014, 1985) was modified to measure changes in steady-state hepatocyte volume during osmotic stress. Hepatocytes in mouse liver slices were loaded with tetramethylammonium ion (TMA$\sp{+}$) during transient exposure of cells to nystatin. Intracellular TMA$\sp{+}$ activity (a$\sp{\rm i}\sb{\rm TMA}$) was measured with TMA$\sp{+}$-sensitive, double-barreled microelectrodes. Loading hepatocytes with TMA$\sp{+}$ did not change their membrane potential (V$\sb{\rm m}$), and under steady-state conditions a$\sp{\rm i}\sb{\rm TMA}$ remained constant over 4 min in single impalements. Hyperosmotic solutions (50, 100, & 150 mM sucrose added to media) and hyposmotic solutions (sucrose in media reduced by …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Physalia Physalis Venom Modulation Of Cardiac And Vascular Functions, Eva Luo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis)venom has profound effects on the cardiovascular system of man and animals. The venom produces vascular relaxation in norepinephrine precontracted, intact rabbit femoral arterial rings by stimulating vasodilatory prostaglandin synthesis in the endothelium. This action does not depend on endotheliumderived relaxing factor (EDRF). P. physalis venom produces a vascular constriction on KC1 depolarized, intact rings. This is completely inhibited by dibenzyline and yohimbine. Increased membrane permeability to calcium may be involved in direct vascular smooth muscle stimulation. The venom has a positive inotropic effect on rat atrial preparations, which is intensified by increased extracellular calcium concentration. …