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Articles 1441 - 1470 of 20606
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Consequences Of Local Conspecific Density Effects For Plant Diversity And Community Dynamics, Joseph A. Lamanna, Stefan A. Schnitzer
Consequences Of Local Conspecific Density Effects For Plant Diversity And Community Dynamics, Joseph A. Lamanna, Stefan A. Schnitzer
Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Conspecific density dependence (CDD) in plant populations is widespread, most likely caused by local-scale biotic interactions, and has potentially important implications for biodiversity, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, progress in this important area of ecology has been hindered by differing viewpoints on CDD across subfields in ecology, lack of synthesis across CDD-related frameworks, and misunderstandings about how empirical measurements of local CDD fit within the context of broader ecological theories on community assembly and diversity maintenance. Here, we propose a conceptual synthesis of local-scale CDD and its causes, including species-specific antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. First, we compare and clarify …
From Turf To Turf: Fungal Invasion Of Ascocoryne Turficola In A Northern Michigan Bog, Evan L. Coscarelli-Trott
From Turf To Turf: Fungal Invasion Of Ascocoryne Turficola In A Northern Michigan Bog, Evan L. Coscarelli-Trott
All NMU Master's Theses
This is the first paper to report Ascocoryne turficola Boud. 1905 (Helotiales: Ascomycota) within the United States. It is an obligate bog fungus native to Europe and Siberia, where it is extremely rare across most of its range. A. turficola appeared at Lily Pond Bog in Marquette, Michigan (87.47º W, 46.59º N) in 2019, almost contemporaneous with anecdotal reports in Minnesota and Ontario. Since 2019, the Lily Pond population has exploded and become the dominant fungus in this bog but has yet to spread to similar bogs nearby. This species is adapted to long distance dispersal and carries the potential …
The Influence Of Environmental Change On Genetic Diversity Across Spatial And Taxonomic Scales, Connor M. French
The Influence Of Environmental Change On Genetic Diversity Across Spatial And Taxonomic Scales, Connor M. French
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The spatial distribution of genetic diversity is of interest to biodiversity scientists and conservationists and is a fundamental metric of biodiversity. Genetic diversity patterns across spatial and taxonomic scales contain information about population and assemblage dynamics that can convey their resilience to environmental change. Ectotherms are especially linked to their environments and may be especially sensitive to fluctuations in the environment over time. Herein, I investigate global and regional patterns of genetic diversity in two groups of ectotherms, insects and lizards, to understand the relationship between environmental change and genetic diversity, from populations to assemblages. Overall, my research aims to …
Death-Associated Protein Kinase 3 Modulates Migration And Invasion Of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Junkai Wang, Anh M Tran-Huynh, Beom-Jun Kim, Doug W Chan, Matthew V Holt, Diana Fandino, Xin Yu, Xiaoli Qi, Jin Wang, Weijie Zhang, Yi-Hsuan Wu, Meenakshi Anurag, Xiang H F Zhang, Bing Zhang, Chonghui Cheng, Charles E Foulds, Matthew J Ellis
Death-Associated Protein Kinase 3 Modulates Migration And Invasion Of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Junkai Wang, Anh M Tran-Huynh, Beom-Jun Kim, Doug W Chan, Matthew V Holt, Diana Fandino, Xin Yu, Xiaoli Qi, Jin Wang, Weijie Zhang, Yi-Hsuan Wu, Meenakshi Anurag, Xiang H F Zhang, Bing Zhang, Chonghui Cheng, Charles E Foulds, Matthew J Ellis
Faculty, Staff and Students Publications
Sixteen patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were analyzed using a mass spectrometry (MS)-based kinase inhibitor pull-down assay (KIPA), leading to the observation that death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) is significantly and specifically overexpressed in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Validation studies confirmed enrichment of DAPK3 protein, in both TNBC cell lines and tumors, independent of mRNA levels. Genomic knockout of DAPK3 in TNBC cell lines inhibited in vitro migration and invasion, along with down-regulation of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, which was confirmed in vivo. The kinase and leucine-zipper domains within DAPK3 were shown by a mutational analysis to be essential …
Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria In A Local Wastewater Treatment Plant In North Georgia, Nou Moua, Lindsay Mccuen, Sarah White, Swapna Bhat, Margi Flood, Jeanelle Morgan
Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria In A Local Wastewater Treatment Plant In North Georgia, Nou Moua, Lindsay Mccuen, Sarah White, Swapna Bhat, Margi Flood, Jeanelle Morgan
Georgia Journal of Science
Antibiotics are some of the most essential lifesaving drugs currently available to us against infectious diseases. Several pathogens are developing resistance to these drugs and many have become resistant to multiple antibiotics. Such multi-drug resistance is becoming a global issue and has been found in many environments including wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we sampled a local WWTP for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This WWTP is in North Georgia and runs directly into Lake Lanier, which is the main source of drinking water for the Atlanta area as well as a popular spot for water recreation. We obtained treated and …
Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Behavioral Phenotypes Are Not Underscored By Different Gut Microbiomes, Paul A. Ayayee, Ryan Y. Wong
Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Behavioral Phenotypes Are Not Underscored By Different Gut Microbiomes, Paul A. Ayayee, Ryan Y. Wong
Biology Faculty Publications
Although bold and shy behavioral phenotypes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been selectively bred and maintained over multiple generations, it is unclear if they are underscored by different gut microbiota. Using the microbiota–gut–brain concept, we examined the relationship between gut microbiota and the behavioral phenotypes within this model animal system to assess possible gut microbe-mediated effects on host behavior. To this end, we amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA gene amplicons from the guts of bold and shy zebrafish individuals using the Illumina Miseq platform. We did not record any significant differences in within-group microbial diversity nor between-group community …
Terrestrial Salinization Impacts On Growth And Behavior Of A Common Detritivore Armadillidium Vulgare (Isopoda), Danielle Harmoney Orcutt
Terrestrial Salinization Impacts On Growth And Behavior Of A Common Detritivore Armadillidium Vulgare (Isopoda), Danielle Harmoney Orcutt
Master's Theses
Climate change and human activities are changing the nutritional landscape by increasing the availability of some essential elements and decreasing others. Sodium (Na) is an essential element in heterotrophs, which is required for water regulation, nerve function, and muscle function. Heterotrophs can acquire Na through diet and environment, often experiencing limited availability of Na due to plants concentrating Na 10-100 times less than heterotrophs need. The Sodium Subsidy-Stress (SSS) hypothesis posits that organismal performance follows a hump-shaped curve of a physiological response, where Na acts as a subsidy, increasing organismal performance such as growth until an optimal threshold is reached, …
Anatolian Medicinal Plants As Potential Antiviral Agents: Bridging Traditional Knowledge And Modern Science In The Fight Against Covid-19 And Related Viral Infections, Engi̇n Ti̇lkat, Israt Jahan, Ayşe Hoşer, Alevcan Kaplan, Oğuzhan Özdemi̇r, Ahmet Onay
Anatolian Medicinal Plants As Potential Antiviral Agents: Bridging Traditional Knowledge And Modern Science In The Fight Against Covid-19 And Related Viral Infections, Engi̇n Ti̇lkat, Israt Jahan, Ayşe Hoşer, Alevcan Kaplan, Oğuzhan Özdemi̇r, Ahmet Onay
Turkish Journal of Biology
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the worldwide coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19), often known as the coronavirus pandemic. Since December 2020 however, COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively administered in numerous countries. In addition to new antiviral medications, the treatment regimen also encompasses symptom management. In spite of sustained research efforts, the outbreak remains uncontrolled, with affected patients still lacking proper treatment. Consequently, this review serves as a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners aiming to delve into the yet unexplored potential of Anatolian flora in the fight against COVID-19 and other viral infections. Numerous …
Expressions Of The Satellite Repeat Hsat5 And Transposable Elements Are Implicated In Disease Progression And Survival In Glioma, Sila Naz Köse, Tutku Yaraş, Ahmet Bursali, Yavuz Oktay, Ci̇hangi̇r Yandim, Gökhan Karakülah
Expressions Of The Satellite Repeat Hsat5 And Transposable Elements Are Implicated In Disease Progression And Survival In Glioma, Sila Naz Köse, Tutku Yaraş, Ahmet Bursali, Yavuz Oktay, Ci̇hangi̇r Yandim, Gökhan Karakülah
Turkish Journal of Biology
The glioma genome encompasses a complex array of dysregulatory events, presenting a formidable challenge in managing this devastating disease. Despite the widespread distribution of repeat and transposable elements across the human genome, their involvement in glioma's molecular pathology and patient survival remains largely unexplored. In this study, we analysed the expression levels of satellite repeats and transposons along with genes in low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). Endogenous transposable elements LTR5 and HERV_a-int exhibited higher expression in HGG patients, along with immune response-related genes. Altogether, 16 transposable elements were associated with slower progression of disease in LGG patients. Conversely, …
Exploring The Impact Of Diabetes On Aging: Insights From Tert And Col1a1 Methylation, Jessica Nathania Liamry, Farizky Martriano Humardani, Giovani Chandra, Lisa Thalia Mulyanata, Tjie Kok, Fenny Irawati, Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo, Christoph Reichetzeder, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
Exploring The Impact Of Diabetes On Aging: Insights From Tert And Col1a1 Methylation, Jessica Nathania Liamry, Farizky Martriano Humardani, Giovani Chandra, Lisa Thalia Mulyanata, Tjie Kok, Fenny Irawati, Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo, Christoph Reichetzeder, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
Turkish Journal of Biology
Background/aim: Aging, a multifaceted biological process, leading to diminished physical performance, especially in older adults with diabetes, where a mismatch between biological and chronological age is noticeable. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diabetes accelerates aging at both cellular and organ levels. Notable aging markers are TERT, related to telomere length, and COL1A1, a key component of skin collagen. Additionally, age-related methylation increases, as revealed through methylation analysis, illuminate aspects of aging. However, the detailed interplay between aging and diabetes, particularly regarding methylation, remains underexplored and warrants further study to elucidate their biological links.Materials and methods: In this research, we elucidate …
Poly(U) Polymerases Have Complex Roles In Modulating The Small Rnaome And Transcriptome Of C. Elegans, Leanne Helen Kelley
Poly(U) Polymerases Have Complex Roles In Modulating The Small Rnaome And Transcriptome Of C. Elegans, Leanne Helen Kelley
Dissertations - ALL
A continuously growing body of work has shown that RNA regulation is an essential aspect of germline development across metazoans. However, another layer of regulation exists “above” this: post-transcriptional modifications to RNAs can alter their function and affect biological activity. Poly(U) polymerases (PUPs) add uridines to the 3’ end of RNA molecules, a process called uridylation, or U-tailing. Previous research has identified the importance of PUPs in C. elegans development, and this work here aims to elucidate the function of PUPs at the molecular level. Using pup-1, pup-2, pup-3, and pup-4 deletion mutants in small RNA-seq, long-read …
Molecular Docking, Pharmacological Profiling, And Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Potential Antihyperuricemic Agent From Secondary Metabolites Of Dillenia Philippinensis Rolfe (Dilleniaceae), Louie Rince C. Suyo, John P. Paulin, Nicole Clarence Louise L. Gapaz, Markus Brent S. Arevalo, Vince Tyrell P. Yongco, Librado A. Santiago
Molecular Docking, Pharmacological Profiling, And Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Potential Antihyperuricemic Agent From Secondary Metabolites Of Dillenia Philippinensis Rolfe (Dilleniaceae), Louie Rince C. Suyo, John P. Paulin, Nicole Clarence Louise L. Gapaz, Markus Brent S. Arevalo, Vince Tyrell P. Yongco, Librado A. Santiago
Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
Crystal accumulation in the joints due to increased serum uric acid (sUA) may lead to an inflammatory condition called gout. Increased sUA is caused by the excessive reabsorption of the urate anion transporter-1 (URAT-1). Therefore, URAT-1 inhibition will promote uric acid excretion and reduce the risk of having gout. Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe, often known as katmon, is an endemic plant in the Philippines with bioactive compounds associated with several therapeutic benefits. The present study represents the first scientific inquiry into the antihyperuricemic potential of compounds isolated from D. philippinensis. This study aimed to assess the interaction of URAT-1 with …
Sleep Restores An Optimal Computational Regime In Cortical Networks, Yifan Xu
Sleep Restores An Optimal Computational Regime In Cortical Networks, Yifan Xu
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Computation within the brain necessitates consistency and robustness, as no complex system can function effectively without these fundamental attributes. However, maintaining this robustness requires active efforts due to the inevitable perturbations (Turrigiano & Nelson, 2004). To unlock the unifying principle of how brain works, it is essential to identify an optimal set point that the system strives to maintain and restore, ensuring stability and functionality. Our lab recently demonstrated that cortical dynamics are homeostatically organized around criticality (Ma et al., 2019), a computational regime that optimizes information processing, such as information capacity and dynamic range (Shew & Plenz, 2013). This …
Germline Genetic Determinates Of Cancer And Pre-Malignant Conditions, Jie Liu
Germline Genetic Determinates Of Cancer And Pre-Malignant Conditions, Jie Liu
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Cancer is a genetic disease stemming from a combination of inherited and acquired mutations. In my thesis, we sought to characterize how germline genetic variation affects acquired clonal expansions in normal tissues and its progression to malignancy. In Chapter 2, we studied the impact of germline genetic variation on clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in 731,835 individuals. We identified 22 novel CH predisposition genes, most of which predispose to CH driven by specific mutational events. CH predisposition genes contribute to unique somatic landscapes reflecting the influence of germline genetic backdrop on gene-specific CH fitness. Correspondingly, somatic-germline interactions influence the risk of CH …
The Experience Of Homelessness And Its Effects On Gut Eubiosis, Kamerin Villagomez
The Experience Of Homelessness And Its Effects On Gut Eubiosis, Kamerin Villagomez
University Honors Theses
Microorganisms which populate the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have a profound effect on overall human health. The relationship between host health and eubiosis, or balance, of the GIT microbiome is symbiotic and can have reciprocal relationships with quality of sleep, quality of diet, stress and mental health, and the experience of pain. These specific aspects of health are unique in populations experiencing homelessness due to the multi-dimensional and complex nature of their lived experience. Very few studies explore populations experiencing homelessness, with even fewer investigating the intersection between this population and the human GIT microbiome. It is important to do …
Histories Of Stress: A Life Course Approach To Population Health In Late Medieval And Early Modern Berlin, Emily Brennan
Histories Of Stress: A Life Course Approach To Population Health In Late Medieval And Early Modern Berlin, Emily Brennan
Theses and Dissertations
Given our current climate crisis and urban population increases, researchers are increasingly interested in the health outcomes at the intersection of climate change and urbanization. Since climate change and urbanization affects human health in a variety of ways, more work is needed in diverse cultural contexts to understand temporal and geographic variations of such phenomena more fully. Using skeletal individuals from 13th – 18th century Berlin (n = 387), this project analyses demographic and health trends from the founding of the city in the late medieval period (c. 1200 – 1500) to the early modern period, when the …
The Effects Of High Fat Diet On Lipid Deposition In Skeletal Muscle, Alexander Huss
The Effects Of High Fat Diet On Lipid Deposition In Skeletal Muscle, Alexander Huss
Theses and Dissertations
By the year 2030, almost 50% of adults in the United States are expected to be obese. Obesity has been shown to increase the risk of several chronic metabolic diseases, several cancers, and is associated with impaired skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Despite this, little it is known about the role of altered muscle lipid homeostasis, lipid droplet dynamics, and lipid droplet-mitochondrial interactions in contributing to muscle dysfunction in obesity. Therefore, we sought to investigate the impact of high-fat diet induced obesity on overall skeletal muscle lipid deposition, intramyocellular lipid droplet content and morphology, and lipid droplet-mitochondrial contact. Male C57/BL6 …
Effects Of Mmp14 Overexpression On Cardiac And Ovarian Connective Tissue And Myocyte Size In Pregnant And Post-Partum Mice, Emily Catherine Walliser
Effects Of Mmp14 Overexpression On Cardiac And Ovarian Connective Tissue And Myocyte Size In Pregnant And Post-Partum Mice, Emily Catherine Walliser
Theses and Dissertations
The main protein component of extracellular matrix is collagen, which fills spaces and supports cells. In the heart, collagen provides the scaffolding for cardiomyocytes and aids in contractile forces. In the ovary, collagen gives follicles their structural support. MMP14 or membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is a membrane bound proteinase that cleaves extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen I and III. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of MMP14 influences collagen content in the heart, and elevated MMP14 has also been linked to ovarian cancer. In the current study, we investigate the effects of overexpression of a human MMP14 (hMMP14) transgene …
Developing Tools To Study The Effect Of The Mechanical Environment On Plant Cell Growth And Morphogenesis, Ryan Calcutt
Developing Tools To Study The Effect Of The Mechanical Environment On Plant Cell Growth And Morphogenesis, Ryan Calcutt
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Mechanical forces are omnipresent in life on Earth and responses to force can be found across all three domains of life. The colonization of land by plants approximately 500 million years ago, an event that shaped life on Earth as we know it, involved adaptation from a relatively homogeneous fluid mechanical environment to a highly heterogeneous and mechanically diverse terrestrial environment. Evolution of multicellularity would present new mechanical challenges for land plants, not only from externally generated forces, but also from mechanical linkage to neighboring cells through the cell wall. Coordination of cell growth and an indeterminate body plan requires …
Investigating The Presence Of Bacterial Phytoplasma Disease In Grasses Of Central Texas And Their Associated Hemiptera, Danielle Rios
Investigating The Presence Of Bacterial Phytoplasma Disease In Grasses Of Central Texas And Their Associated Hemiptera, Danielle Rios
Masters Theses (Archived)
No abstract provided.
Phylotranscriptomic Relationships Of The Oophila Clade Of Green Algae Associated To Amphibian Egg Masses, Ryan Kerney, Miguel Vences, Maria Sachs, Iker Irisarri, Fabian Bartels, Pontus Eriksson, Sven Künzel, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Ane Laugen, Zachary Vegso, Cory Bishop, Hartmut Arndt
Phylotranscriptomic Relationships Of The Oophila Clade Of Green Algae Associated To Amphibian Egg Masses, Ryan Kerney, Miguel Vences, Maria Sachs, Iker Irisarri, Fabian Bartels, Pontus Eriksson, Sven Künzel, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Ane Laugen, Zachary Vegso, Cory Bishop, Hartmut Arndt
Biology Faculty Publications
Green algae usually assigned to the genus Oophila are known to colonize egg capsules of amphibian egg masses across the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. We study the phylogenetic relationships of these algae using a phylotranscriptomic data set of 76 protein-coding single-copy nuclear genes. Our data set includes novel RNAseq data for six amphibian-associated and five free-living green algae, and draft genomes of two of the latter. Within the Oophila clade (nested within Moewusinia), we find samples from two European frogs (Rana dalmatina and R. temporaria) closely related to those of the North American frog R. aurora (Oophila …
A Comparison Of Diploid And Triploid Eastern Oysters For Aquaculture Production Under Extreme Temperatures And Salinities, Joshua H. Kim
A Comparison Of Diploid And Triploid Eastern Oysters For Aquaculture Production Under Extreme Temperatures And Salinities, Joshua H. Kim
LSU Master's Theses
Off-bottom aquaculture of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) is a nascent industry that is increasingly supported by the use of triploid oysters, which grow faster than diploids. Despite their growth advantage, elevated triploid mortality compared to diploids under high temperature, low salinity, or a combination of these conditions challenge consistent triploid production. Identifying the environmental thresholds at which differential triploid mortality occurs and predicting its economic impact are important to informing decision-making in oyster aquaculture. The goal of this thesis was to compare the biological and economic performance of diploid and triploid oysters under high temperature and low salinity conditions. …
Mitochondrial Network Reorganization And Transient Expansion During Oligodendrocyte Generation, Xhoela Bame, Robert A. Hill
Mitochondrial Network Reorganization And Transient Expansion During Oligodendrocyte Generation, Xhoela Bame, Robert A. Hill
Dartmouth Scholarship
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes of the brain. This process persists throughout life and is essential for recovery from neurodegeneration. To better understand the cellular checkpoints that occur during oligodendrogenesis, we determined the mitochondrial distribution and morphometrics across the oligodendrocyte lineage in mouse and human cerebral cortex. During oligodendrocyte generation, mitochondrial content expands concurrently with a change in subcellular partitioning towards the distal processes. These changes are followed by an abrupt loss of mitochondria in the oligodendrocyte processes and myelin, coinciding with sheath compaction. This reorganization and extensive expansion and depletion take 3 days. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria …
An Intronic Regulatory Element Limits Tcf7 Expression In Natural Killer Cells, Matthew Vincent Mccullen
An Intronic Regulatory Element Limits Tcf7 Expression In Natural Killer Cells, Matthew Vincent Mccullen
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
To provide protection against a broad spectrum of threats, the immune system must give rise to a diverse range of cell types each with specialized roles in host defense. Transcriptional regulation is achieved by interactions between transcription factors and non-coding cis-regulatory DNA elements such as promoters and enhancers. One of the most important transcription factors in lymphocyte development and function is TCF1 (encoded by the Tcf7 gene). TCF1 is required for the efficient development of both innate lymphocytes, such as NK cells, as well as adaptive T cells. TCF1 also regulates the functional abilities of these cell types, such as …
Insights From Open Conformations Of Ecmsck, Htrpv4, And Hhcn1 Into The Structural Basis Of Ligand-Regulated Ion Channel Gating, Jonathan Mount
Insights From Open Conformations Of Ecmsck, Htrpv4, And Hhcn1 Into The Structural Basis Of Ligand-Regulated Ion Channel Gating, Jonathan Mount
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Ion channels are found in all domains of life and play fundamental roles in cellular signaling and response to environmental cues. The ability to accommodate the selective and rapid passage of ions across a cell membrane is conferrable by a myriad of protein folds with no singular one-size-fits-all approach. With the advent of the cryo-EM resolution revolution, substantial interest has developed for determining the molecular structures of conformational states that correspond to conductive and nonconductive forms of ion channels. By gaining insight into the structural mechanisms for ion channel gating, we can potentially reveal binding pockets for targeted small molecule …
Investigating The Cellular Mechanisms Of Intracellular Ph Regulation During Exposure To High Co2., Dillon Flowers
Investigating The Cellular Mechanisms Of Intracellular Ph Regulation During Exposure To High Co2., Dillon Flowers
Biology Theses
There are at least two different strategies of pH regulation among fish. The first is coupled pH regulation (CPR), where regulation of blood pH facilitates tissue pH regulation; and the second is preferential intracellular pH (pHi) regulation (PPR), where tissue pH remains tightly regulated despite a sustained reduction in blood pH. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in pHi regulation are currently unknown. I investigated the mechanisms of pH regulation in fishes using Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) which use CPR and PPR, respectively. Fish were exposed to elevated CO …
Gnotobiotic Mouse Models For Characterizing The Role Of The Microbiota On Undernutrition And Early Postnatal Brain Development, Alexandra Elizabeth Byrne
Gnotobiotic Mouse Models For Characterizing The Role Of The Microbiota On Undernutrition And Early Postnatal Brain Development, Alexandra Elizabeth Byrne
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Undernutrition is a serious global health challenge; it accounts for nearly half of all mortality for children under the age of 5. Worse, undernutrition is compounded by intergenerational inheritance and can be transmitted from mother to offspring. The burden of undernutrition is unequally distributed around the world, with South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for almost 60% of the global childhood stunting. Undernutrition is detrimental to many aspects of development, including long-term deficits in neurodevelopment, and current interventions rarely ameliorate long-term cognitive and motor deficits. Therefore, other causes of undernutrition need to be elucidated in order to treat this epidemic …
Insulin-Independent Regulation Of Type 1 Diabetes Via Large Brown Adipocyte-Secreted Proteins And The Novel Glucagon Regulator, Nidogen2, Jeongmin Lee
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Current treatments for type 1 diabetes (T1D) focus on insulin replacement. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of a secreted protein fraction from embryonic brown adipose tissue (BAT), independent of insulin. The large molecular weight secreted fraction mediates insulin receptor-dependent recovery of euglycemia in a T1D animal model, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, by suppressing glucagon secretion. This fraction also promotes white adipocyte differentiation and browning, maintains healthy BAT, and enhances glucose uptake in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. From this fraction, we identify nidogen-2 as a critical BAT-secreted protein that reverses hyperglycemia in NOD mice, inhibits glucagon secretion from pancreatic …
The Clinical Significance And Genetic Origin Of P14arf, Anna Louise Grobelny Guthrie
The Clinical Significance And Genetic Origin Of P14arf, Anna Louise Grobelny Guthrie
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
The p14ARF tumor suppressor is the second most commonly mutated gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). p14ARF (p19ARF in mice) is encoded by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene. The p14ARF tumor suppressor is known to play a fundamental role in cancer progression by regulating senescence, apoptosis, and proliferation. The primary function of p14ARF is to respond to oncogenic signals and activate the p53 tumor suppressor by inhibiting and sequestering the HDM2 (MDM2) oncogene. However, recent studies have uncovered multiple p53-independent functions of p14ARF, opening the door to a myriad of possible vulnerabilities in p14ARF-mutant tumors. Many current …
Corneal Epithelial Tissue Engineering Approaches To Treat Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency, Sasirekha K
Corneal Epithelial Tissue Engineering Approaches To Treat Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency, Sasirekha K
Theses and Dissertations
A clear healthy cornea is essential for visual acuity. As a self-renewing and regenerating tissue, the corneal epithelium has a stem cell pool, the limbus that acts as its proliferative reservoir. When limbal epithelial stem cells are destroyed or become dysfunctional, a pathological state known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) manifests. Damaged corneas have been successfully reconstructed by transplanting the cultured limbal epithelial stem cells. Limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) is one of the applicable and most challenging procedures in clinical ophthalmology for the reconstruction of the stratified ocular surface epithelium in patients with LSCD. Given the above challenge, …