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Nutrient Profile, Functional Properties, And Microstructure Of Dried Waste Milk Products For Use As A Potential Animal Feed, Ronald I. Thompson

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of concentrating the wastewater of a butter/powder factory for use as an animal feed. Two concentrated products were evaluated: recovered milk product (RMP), which is the direct factory waste stream; and formulated recovered milk product (FRMP), which is a product made by combining RMP and separator de-sludge in a 3:1 ratio. Three pilot scale dryer systems were used to concentrate the product: a spray dryer, a roller dryer, and a pulse combustion dryer. Dried samples were analyzed for fat, moisture, protein, ash, nitrates, chloride, pH, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and amino acids. Values …

Effects Of Pre-Milking Teat Sanitation On The Quality Of Raw Milk, Laurie Depiazzi, Ian Bell

Bulletins 4000 -

The effect of Quartermate pre-milking teat sanitation on milk quality was investigated in twelve dairy herds over a period of eight weeks. Pre-milking teat sanitation was carried out on all cows for six weeks on each of six farms and mesophile and thermophile bacteria counts of raw milks were compared before the milk line (“cluster” samples), and at various points within milking plants. Rates of mastitis, vat milk iodide levels and specific bacteria were also monitored.

Maximising The Lamb Drop, Don Moir

Bulletins 4000 -

Although reproductive rates vary greatly between individual properties, the average marking percentage in Western Australia still hovers around 75%. In the absence of disease it is possible to improve on this figure by undertaking some straight forward management practices at different stages of the reproductive cycle.

Determination Of Protein Profile And Presence Of Antibodies In Llama Seminal Plasma (Llama Glama), Francisco Flores Lópes

Theses and Dissertations

Internationally, Bolivia has the largest llama population followed by Peru. This makes our country a power in this renewable resource for working and generating economic development. This is mainly because of the quality of llama meat, which has nutritional properties superior to other animal species. The development and research in our country of llamas is not very significant. But in other countries advanced studies have been done for years, specifically in the area of reproduction, which represents problems for intensive repopulation because of singular characteristics of semen and copulation. The present research work was done at the UAC in Tiahuanacu …

Organic Beef A Production Guide, Steven Mccoy

Bulletins 4000 -

Premium markets are expanding worldwide for certified organic and biodynamic beef products – those grown in accordance with recognised organic production and processing standards.

Many agricultural areas in Australia have the potential to produce organic beef, and several Western Australian and Eastern States organic producers are already exporting to Japan. Supermarkets such as Coles and Woolworths have started to build the Australian domestic market.

Converting to an organic system can be easier - requiring fewer changes - in ‘low input’ rangeland cattle production than in more intensive pasture-based or feedlot production. But regardless of the type of enterprise, managing organic …

A Guide To Grazing Systems And Animal Production, Kylie Woodgate, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture, Australian Wool Innovation Ltd.

Bulletins 4000 -

This manual has been produced as a joint venture between the Wool and Meat Programs of Agriculture Western Australia. It is intended to provide current information on most animal production issues today. It has been modified from the current Woolpro and Prograze manuals distributed to farmers and is designed for use mainly by Agricultural Colleges and Secondary Schools teaching Agriculture. It should be used in conjunction with these manuals.

Accumulation Of Lead In The Gill, Liver, Kidney And Brain Tissues Of Tilapia Zilli, Sahi̇re Karataş, Mustafa Kalay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the accumulation of lead in various tissues of Tilapia zilli was tested at varying concentrations of lead in the medium for different exposure times. Experimental animals were exposed to 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm lead over periods of 1, 7, 15 and 30 days and accumulation of lead in gill, liver, kidney and brain tissues was determined by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry (AAS). In general, the accumulation of lead in tissues increased with increasing concentrations of lead in the experimental medium and with increasing time of experiment. The ratios of total lead in the tissues were 15.47, 6.10, …

Comparison Of Muscle Fatty Acids Of Three Trout Species (Salvelinus Alpinus, Salmo Trutta Fario, Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Raised Under The Same Conditions, H. İbrahi̇m Hali̇loğlu, N. Mevlüt Aras, Hasan Yeti̇m

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

During recent decades, the study of fatty acids (FAs) belonging to the n-3 family in seafood has intensified due to their beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease. This study was undertaken to determine the FA composition of muscle lipids of three different farm raised trouts (Salvelinus alpinus, Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed the same diet and raised under the same conditions. Palmitic acid (16:0) in total saturated fatty acid (SFA) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9) in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) were the most abundant FAs and significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between fish species. The differences in total SFA among the trouts were significant (P < 0.01), and O. mykiss had the highest (31.92%) SFA content while S. trutta fario showed the lowest in their edible muscle tissue. However, there was a significantly (P < 0.01) opposite observation for MUFA among the trouts, in which S. trutta fario had the highest content (41.90%) of MUFA in their muscle tissue while O. mykiss had the lowest (30.81%). The differences for the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content among the species were not significant (P > 0.05). O. mykiss had the highest n-3 PUFA (22.41%) while …

Managing Young Cows, Dick Pruitt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In a recent analysis of SPA records from the Northern Great Plains, pregnancy percentage, calving percentage and weaning percentage were important production variables related to profit (Dunn, 2000). The high profit group did not wean heavier calves than the medium profit group. Consistent with other studies, the high profit group had lower investment and total expenditures per cow than the medium or low profit groups. Although describing what makes a cow-calf enterprise profitable is not as simple as we might like, there is strong evidence that relatively high reproductive rate in combination with low cost of production is a very …

The Role Of Undegradable Intake Protein In Management Of The Young Beef Female, Trey Patterson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Reproductive failure in young cows is expensive to many beef operations in the Northern Great Plains. Scientists, nutritionists, and producers have typically placed great effort into heifer development and mature cow management at the expense of two- and three-year-old cows. Meek et al. (1999), working with a ranch in the Nebraska Sandhills, found that the net present value (current animal value accounting for time value of money) of beef females peaked at four years old. Why were bred heifers and pregnant two-year-olds not more valuable than four-year-old cows? Reproductive failure in the young cows did not allow them to stay …

Economics Of Young Female Management, Dillon M. Feuz

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What is the value of a heifer calf, a bred heifer, or a re-bred 2nd calf cow? How does that value compare to the current market price? What is your cost of raising a heifer calf, bred heifer, or re-bred 2nd calf cow? How many pencils have been worn dull or how many spreadsheets have been created to answer these questions? The unrealistic objective of this paper is to answer these questions. Perhaps a more realistic objective is to answer some of these questions and to provide you the framework to answer some of the questions for your own operation. …

Vertical Communication: The Aligning Of The Beef Industry Segments, Dave True

Range Beef Cow Symposium

During this presentation, I hope to convey why True Ranches, a family owned cow/calf producer and feeder in Wyoming has joined forces with Future Beef Operations (FBO). In brief summary, we believe that True Ranches fits well with FBO’s strategy and there is a clear, well identified target towards which the entire system is striving.

An Update On Clostridial Diseases/Abomasal Ulcers, R. G. Mortimer, R. P. Ellis

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Losses of calves in beef herds to Clostridial diseases continues to be a problem. In a large 1991 Colorado study of 47 herds with 11,767 cows reported that two of the most common causes of calf mortality were enteric and sudden death diseases. Both of these entities are consistent with Clostridial disease. Unfortunately, less than 1% of the calves that died were ever presented to a diagnostic lab for confirmation of death and 99% was based on producer perception. A smaller study conducted in 1992-93 of 15 beef herds in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska with 3,273 calves born attempted to …

Dna Assisted Selection – A Realistic Perspective, Daniel Pomp

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breathtaking advances are occurring in the knowledge and understanding of the structure, sequence and function of DNA. The entire genetic blueprint, or DNA code, has now been deciphered for humans, mice and a variety of other organisms. This modern-day “Genomic Revolution” may be one of the most important periods in the scientific history of humankind, promising diagnostics and therapeutics for numerous diseases and maladies.

In animal agriculture, and particularly in beef cattle improvement, the payoffs of the “Genomic Revolution” have seemingly been few and far between. DNA information on cattle is now routinely used for determining parentage and for quality …

Objective Development Of Grazing Strategies, Patrick E. Reese

Range Beef Cow Symposium

A grazing strategy is a plan for accomplishing a set of objectives based on comprehensive knowledge of available resources, and the production and marketing environment. Management can be greatly simplified when grazing strategies are based on clearly stated and prioritized resource-management and livestock-production objectives (Fig. I ). Decisions on when and how to use plant resources have profound effects on the success of grazing strategies. Plant resources can be used for livestock production or wildlife cover and ecosystem functions such as hydrologic condition and site stability.

While many rangelands in the central and northern Great Plains are dominated by grasses …

The Value Of Corn As A Hay Replacement For Cows, Cody Wright

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In many western cattle operations, harvested forages have traditionally been considered the most economical feedstuffs for wintering beef cows. However, in certain situations, the nutrient content of standing or harvested forages may be inadequate to meet the nutritional requirements of the beef cow for maintenance, gestation, or lactation. Furthermore, the availability of standing or harvested forages may be limited, especially during drought years and(or) severe winters when the cost of medium- to low-quality forages may reach $80-100 per ton. Feeding corn grain may represent an economically viable alternative in each of these scenarios.

Producers commonly ask “how much corn can …

Effects Of Mineral Nutrition Of Immune Function And Factors That Affect Trace Mineral Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Terry E. Engle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the animal body in a variety of chemical combinations, and in characteristic concentrations, which vary with the trace mineral and tissue (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). The concentrations of trace minerals must usually be maintained within quite narrow limits if the functional and structural integrity of the tissue is to be maintained and the growth, health, and productivity of the animal are to remain unimpaired (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Ingestion of diets that are deficient, imbalanced, or excessively high in trace minerals may induce changes in the …

A Systems Approach To Production From Weaning To Harvest, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Galen E. Erickson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Although some summer and fall calving occurs, the majority of calves in the Northern States are born in the spring. Therefore, to have a consistent supply of feeders entering feedlots, a variety of stocker programs are used. About 30% of calves produced in the U. S. enter the feedlot as calf-feds. Some of these calf-feds are weaned and enter the feedlot 30 to 40 days later. It is also common for calves to be backgrounded two to six months before entering the feedlot.

Many calves enter yearling programs. These cattle are nutritionally restricted to varying degrees and for various times. …

A Cowboy’S Guide To Building Teams, Tom G. Field, Michael G. Hays

Range Beef Cow Symposium

One of the daunting challenges facing the cattle industry in the near term is the ability to attract and retain skilled and effective human resources to the ranching business. We currently have at our disposal vast amounts of information about marketing, health, reproduction, nutrition, genetics, forage management, and financial decision-making to create and sustain a viable cow-calf, stocker, or feedlot business. In fact, any of the existing enterprise managers in the industry likely excel in a majority of the aforementioned topics. However, one of the major obstacles to success in agriculture is a failure to recognize that human beings are …

Fisheries Research Report No. 129 - Morphology And Incidence Of Yabby (Cherax Albidus) Burrows In Western Australia, Craig S. Lawrence

Fisheries Research Reports

Yabby (Cherax albidus) burrows were recorded from dams, channels and ponds in Western Australia. Twenty five sites were sampled during Spring, 1998 and the burrow morphology and density was described from six of these locations where burrows were present. To improve the sample size and address seasonal trends 49 commercially harvested yabby dams were sampled over the summer of 1999/2000 and the number and density of yabby burrows were recorded. Burrow incidence and morphology was also recorded from 25 research ponds at the Avondale Research Station between 1995-1997. Soil and water chemistry values are presented and their relationships with burrow …

Winter Severity And Wolf Predation On A Formerly Wolf-Free Elk Herd, L. David Mech, Douglas W. Smith, Kerry M. Murphy, Daniel R. Macnulty

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We studied wolf (Canis lupus) predation on elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park from 17 March to 15 April 1997 (severe winter conditions) and from 2 to 31 March 1998 (mild winter conditions) 2-3 years after wolves were reintroduced to the park. Elk composed 91% of 117 kills. Data comparisons for 1997 versus 1998 were: hunting success rate, 26% versus 15%; kill rate, 17.1 kg/wolf/day versus 6.1; percent of kill consumed in first day, 7 versus 86; percent femur marrow fat of adult kills, 27 versus 70; calf:adult ratios of kills, 2:33 versus 17:23; sex …

The Invasion Of Western Waters By Non-Native Species: Threats To The West, Western Regional Panel On Aquatic Nuisance Species

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The waters of western North America are being transformed by invasive aquatic plants, fish, and other animals from around the world. These plants and animals, which have been introduced both intentionally and accidentally by humans, can irrevocably alter our native ecosystems. While they may be harmless in their own waters, once brought into a new ecosystem where their native predators do not exist, they can harm native species by eating their food, preying on them, transmitting diseases to which the natives have no defenses, or (like many invasive aquatic plants) simply outgrowing them. Not all non-native species cause serious problems, …

An Accelerated Feeding Study For Dairy Beef Steers, D. R. Zobell

All Archived Publications

A large number of Holstein bull (steer) calves are produced by the dairy industry. Producers who purchase these calves should understand that depending on the production strategy employed, the economic outcome could be quite broad. Dairy beef calves that are intensively managed, using aggressive feeding strategies to achieve high levels of efficiency, increase the opportunity for profitability.

The Good Food Guide For Sheep : Feeding Sheep For Meat Production In The Areas Of Western Australia, Keith Croker, Peter Watt, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

The Good Food Guide for Sheep has been produced to provide Western Australian farmers with a concise compilation of current information on feeding sheep for meat production. Although there are already numerous publications about sheep nutrition,many of them relate to wool production, reproduction or drought feeding, or they concentrate on particular feeds or feeding systems.

This book contains information on a wide range of feeds and feeding methods. Just as there is no single ‘best’ sheep breed for meat production, there is no ultimate feed regime for sheep for growth.

The Foraging Ecology Of The Juvenile Gopher Tortoise, Gopheruspol Yphemus, Terri Anne Stilson

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Food plant preferences of juvenile gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus, were investigated in a west central Florida population. The juvenile gopher tortoises were free-ranging and were located in a sandhill habitat subject to yearly prescribed burns. Diet was determined by foraging observations, in which the number of bites taken per taxon, the number of plants sampled per taxon, and the amount of each taxon available along the foraging path were recorded. Preference was determined with Manly's alpha index of preference and Jacob's D electivity index. Selected plants in the habitat were analyzed for relative nitrogen content to investigate whether preferred …

Fisheries Research Report No.128 - Aquaculture And Related Biological Attributes Of Abalone Species In Australia - A Review., Kylie A. Freeman

Fisheries Research Reports

China and Taiwan are the major producers of cultured abalone; with annual production estimated at 3,500 and 3,000 tonnes respectively. The world production of cultured abalone sold in 1999 was 7,775 tonnes. Australian farm production was still relatively low (89 tonne in 1999) but numerous abalone farms have been proposed and many have been constructed. On a national scale, Tasmania and South Australia are the major states involved in temperate abalone culture; however, new projects have commenced in Victoria and considerable interest exists in New South Wales. Pilot scale trials with tropical abalone aquaculture using the Donkey-ear abalone (Haliotis asinina) …

The Relationship Of Milk Urea Nitrogen And Dhia Production Variables In Western Commercial Dairy Herds, Rachael G. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Monthly individual cow DHIA test records (approximately 90,000) from 96 Holstein and Jersey herds from Utah, Idaho, and Montana were analyzed used the Mixed procedure in SAS to determine the relationships of milk production parameters to milk urea N (MUN). Records spanned two consecutive years ending December 2000. Means for Holsteins were 34.1 kg/d milk yield, 15.2 mg/dl MUN, 3.18% milk protein, 3.5% milk fat, and 280,000 somatic cell count. Mean MUN for Holsteins was lowest in fall (Oct.-Dec) and highest in winter and spring. Cows with highest milk protein percent (≥ 3.2%) had lowest MUN over all levels of …

The Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin Of Vibrio Cholerae Promotes Adherence To Zooplankton, Deborah A. Chiavelli, Jane W. Marsh, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is often found attached to plankton, a property that is thought to contribute to its environmental persistence in aquatic habitats. The V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype and V. cholerae O139 strains produce a surface pilus termed the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA), whereas V. cholerae O1 classical biotype strains do not. Although V. cholerae O1 classical does not elaborate MSHA, the gene is present and expressed at a level comparable to that of the other strains. Since V. cholerae O1 El Tor and V. cholerae O139 have displaced V. cholerae O1 classical …

2001 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Usefulness Of Subjective Ovine Milk Scores: I. Associations With Range Ewe Characteristics And Lamb Production, G. D. Snowder, A.D. Knight, L. Dale Van Vleck, C. M. Bromley, T. R. Kellom

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Range ewes are commonly evaluated for milking ability by producers to determine the ewe’s ability to rear lamb(s). The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station has subjectively scored (low, average, high) a ewe’s milking ability within 24 h of lambing for many years. The relationship of subjective milk scores with lamb production was investigated using lambing records of Columbia (n = 1,731), Polypay (n = 1,129), Rambouillet (n = 1,704), and Targhee (n = 1,638) ewes. The incidence of high milk scores increased from less than 10% at first parity to 29 to 40% at second and greater parities. At maturity, Columbia …