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Replacement Heifer Development For Spring And Summer Calving Herds, Gene H. Deutscher, Brent Plugge, Andy Applegarth, Rex Davis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A three-year study on heifer development of spring-born (n=240) and summer-born heifers (n=146) was conducted using sandhills ranch management. Spring-born heifers developed during the winter to reach 53% of mature weight at breeding had similar reproduction and calf production as heifers that reached 57% of mature weight. Feed costs were $22/heifer less for the lighter weight heifers. Summer-born heifers that were developed to reach 60% of mature weight at breeding in early fall had normal yearling pregnancy rates, but rebreeding rates of the 2-year-old cows were low, which caused high culling rates. Two-year-old cows calving in May produced greater calf …

Urinary Allantoin As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Synthesis, Mariela Lamothe, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Allantoin excretion in the urine was evaluated as a marker for bacterial protein production in lactating and dry cows grazing Sandhills range and meadows. Allantoin excretion declined with season as diet digestibility declined. Bacterial protein predicted from allantoin was significantly related (R2 = .62) to bacterial protein predicted by NRC. Urinary allantoin has potential as a tool to predict bacterial protein production in grazing cattle.

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2002

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From the Department Head’s Desk
Faculty Retirement
New Faculty
100 Years of 4-H in Nebraska
Feedlot Internship Program and Feedlot Extension Meetings
Japanese Agricultural Training Program
Graduate Program
Animal Science Student Ambassadors
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Masters Week
Deaths
Emeriti/Retiree Reception
Emeriti Update
Block & Bridle Activities
Animal Science Graduate Association
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
CASNR Alumni Board
Academic Quadrathlon
Judging Team Activities
Attention — Judging Team Alumni
Alumni News
Alumni Newsletter Wins Award
Your Newsletter Committee
Call for Information for the 2003 Issue of the Animal Science Alumni Newsletter
Animal Science Trivia
Calendar of Events …

Effect Of Corn Processing On Starch Digestion And Bacterial Crude Protein Flow In Finishing Cattle, R. J. Cooper, C. T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, T. L. Scott, C. B. Wilson, R. A. Mass

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated yearling steers (523 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment to study the effects of corn processing on nutrient digestion, bacterial CP production, and ruminal fermentation. Dietary treatments consisted of 90% concentrate diets that were based on dry-rolled (DRC), high-moisture (HMC), or steam-flaked (SFC) corn. Each diet contained 2.0% urea (DM basis) as the sole source of supplemental nitrogen. Each period lasted 17 d, with d 1 through 14 for diet adaptation and d 15 through 17 for fecal, duodenal, and ruminal sampling. Dry matter and OM intakes were …

Fiber-Type Composition Of Muscles Of The Beef Chuck And Round, K. S. Kirchofer, Chris R. Calkins, B. L. Gwartney

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Thirty-eight muscles of the beef chuck and round were histochemically stained to characterize fiber-type composition in order to facilitate optimal muscle use in value-added products. Select-grade chucks and rounds (n = 4 each) were chosen to represent two carcass weight classes (250 to 295 kg and 363 to 410 kg) and two yield grades (1 and 3). Muscles were sectioned and stained with a procedure that included a succinate dehydrogenase and an adenosine triphosphatase staining technique. Number and diameter of β-red, α-red, and α-white muscle fibers were used to determine muscle fiber percentage, muscle fiber area, and percent area in …

Wpa News 68 (2002), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (January 2002), number 68

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Utilization Of Distillers Grains Form The Fermentation Of Sorghum Or Corn In Diets For Finishing Beef And Lactating Dairy Cattle, S. Al-Suwaiegh, K. Fanning, R. J. Grant, C. T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Beef finishing and dairy lactation experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of distillers grains (DG) from sorghum or corn fermentation, in both wet (35.4% DM) and dry (92.2% DM) form (dairy trial only). In the finishing experiment, 60 yearling steers were used in a completely randomized design with three diets that were fed for 127 d: 1) control diet with 86% (DM basis) dry-rolled corn and no DG; 2) 30% of ration DM as wet corn DG in place of dry-rolled corn; and 3) 30% of ration DM as wet sorghum DG in place of dry-rolled corn. All …

Effect Of Corn Processing On Degradable Intake Protein Requirement Of Finishing Cattle, R. J. Cooper, C. Milton, Terry Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three finishing trials were conducted to determine effect of corn processing on degradable intake protein requirement (DIP) of feedlot cattle. In Trial 1, 252 steers were fed 90% concentrate, high moisture corn-based diets that contained 0, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2% urea (DM basis) to provide dietary DIP values of 7.0, 8.2, 9.3, and 10.5% of DM, respectively. Nonlinear analysis predicted maximal feed efficiency at 10.2% dietary DIP (95% confidence interval was 9.9 to 13.3%). In Trial 2, 264 steers were fed 90% concentrate, steam-flaked corn-based diets that contained 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, or 2.0% urea (DM basis) to provide …

Dried Poultry Waste For Cows Grazing Low-Quality Winter Forage, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two trials conducted in 1996–97 measured BW and body condition score changes of cows fed different sources of degradable intake protein, including dried poultry waste and soybean meal, while grazing low-quality winter forages. In Trial 1, 60 spring calving cows (5 yr; 555 kg) were used in an individual supplementation trial. Cows were gathered three times a week, sorted into individual pens, and fed their respective supplement. Cows grazed dormant native Sandhills winter range (common pasture) and were assigned to one of six supplemental treatments: 1) no supplement, 2) urea, 3) 22% dried poultry waste + urea, 4) soybean meal, …

Memorial Khem Shahani, Robert W. Hutkins, Burt Maxcy, Steve Taylor

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Khem Shahani, Professor Emeritus at the University of Nebraska, died recently in Sicily while on a speaking tour and visiting family. Professor Shahani had a long, illustrious career in dairy microbiology and was one of the world's leading researchers in the area of probiotic bacteria. This is a field that, in the past few years, has seen remarkable growth and interest in the scientific comm.unity. Khem was one of only a few scientists who early on worked toward establishing a scientific basis for the role that probiotics play in nutrition and health. His outstanding record of research, teaching, and service …

Effects Of Manipulating Protein And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Feedlot Cattle On Nutrient Management And The Environment, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Feedlot nutrition will play a role in meeting challenges such as nutrient management. Nitrogen and phosphorus are two nutrients that are currently studied in this context. One nutritional method is formulating diets not to exceed requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus. Requirements are different for calves and yearlings. The requirements also change during the finishing period. Phosphorus requirements have not been extensively studied for feedlot cattle between 270 and 600 kg. Therefore, P requirements studies were conducted to determine the P requirement of calves (265 kg) and yearlings (385 kg). The requirement was not detected with P levels as low as …

Phosphorus Requirement Of Finishing Feedlot Calves, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, Dennis Brink, M. W. Orth, K. M. Whittet

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Dietary P supplied to feedlot cattle is important because an inadequate supply will compromise performance, whereas excess P may harm the environment. However, P requirements of feedlot cattle are not well documented. Therefore, 45 steer calves (265.2 ±16.6 kg) were individually fed to determine the P required for gain and bone integrity over a 204-d finishing period. The basal diet consisted of 33.5% high-moisture corn, 30% brewers grits, 20% corn bran, 7.5% cottonseed hulls, 3% tallow, and 6% supplement. Treatments consisted of 0.16 (no supplemental inorganic P), 0.22, 0.28, 0.34, and 0.40% P (DM basis). Supplemental P was provided by …

The Role Of Nutrition In Reducing Nutrient Output From Ruminants, L. D. Satter, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Much of the effort expended on nutrient management has focused on the post-excretion product. It is important to keep in mind that management of the diet can have important impacts on quantitative and qualitative aspects of the excreted nutrients. Surveys of nutritionists and extension specialists show that dairy producers are advised to feed 0.45 to 0.50% phosphorus (P) (DM basis) in their lactating cow diets. This is 20% in excess of NRC (2001) requirements. Feeding to requirement would reduce P excretion by 25 to 30% and would reduce solubility and potential for runoff of the P that is applied to …

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Colony Composition And Demographics Of Beavers In Illinois, Stanley T. Mctaggart

Masters Theses

Beavers (Castor canadensis) have been extensively studied throughout North America, but little research has been conducted on this species in Illinois and the Midwest. Beavers exhibit wide variations in colony composition and demographics over their broad geographic range, so regional research is important for sound management. The objectives of this study were to investigate the: (1) typical composition of beaver colonies in Illinois; (2) reproductive potential of female beavers in Illinois; (3) sex-age composition of beaver populations in Illinois; and (4) efficacy of night-vision surveys versus removal trapping for estimating colony size. This study was conducted during the 1999-00 and …

Effects Of Some Dna Gyrase Inhibitors On The Survival And Development Of Pimpla Turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Larvae Reared On An Artificial Diet, Kemal Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of novobiocin, nalidixic and oxolinic acids, which are potent antibacterial agents, on the survival and development of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. were investigated alone by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. The percentage of fifth instar larvae was not significantly affected by the diets with different levels of the antibiotics used in the study. A diet containing the lowest level of novobiocin significantly increased the yields of pupae and adults. This level also significantly shortened the developmental time for fifth instar, but had no significant effect on the complete development of the larvae …

Antimicrobial Agents: Their Combined Effects On Total Protein Content Of The Endoparasitoid Pimpla Turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Kemal Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of some antibiotics and antifungal agents in combination on the total protein content of young pupae of the hymenopterous endoparasitoid, Pimpla turionellae L., were investigated by rearing the larvae aseptically on chemically defined synthetic diets. These effects varied with the kinds and levels of the combination of antimicrobial agents in the diets. The combinations of antibiotics generally increased the total protein content according to their individual levels in the diets. Antifungal agent combinations caused a slight but significant increase in the total protein content. However, some tested combinations of nystatin with methyl p-hydroxybenzoate or cycloheximide significantly decreased the …

Prediction Of The Voluntary Intake And Digestibility Of Forage-Based Diets From Chemical Composition And Ruminal Degradation Characteristics, M. Aki̇f Karsli, James R. Russell

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two digestion experiments and an in situ nylon bag experiment were conducted to determine the correlations between chemical composition, ruminal in situ degradation kinetics and OMI, and OM and CP digestibilities of diets in wethers fed forages of varying nutritive value without and with protein supplementation. Wethers were fed ground corn crop residues, oat-berseem clover or alfalfa hay in the first experiment, ground corn crop residues with or without alfalfa or oat-berseem clover hay supplemented with SBM and grain corn mixture to meet the DIP requirement, by using level 1 of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle computer program at …

Managing Swine Dietary Phosphorus To Meet Manure Management Goals, Mike Brumm, Charles A. Shapiro, William L. Kranz

Nebraska Swine Reports

A demonstration was carried out for 15 months at a 1,200-head growing- finishing facility in Holt County, Neb. The purpose was to document the impact of diet formulation on phosphorus excretion and the associated land area needed to utilize the phosphorus in the accumulated manure. The demonstration facility had four 300-head rooms. Prior to the demonstration, pigs in all rooms were fed diets formulated to contain 0.55-0.57% total phosphorus for all phases of growth. For the demonstration, two rooms were fed diets formulated to the University of Nebraska recommended levels for available phosphorus. The other two rooms were fed diets …

Phytase Sources In Pelleted Diets, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine whether there were differences in performance between two commercial sources of phytase when added to corn and soybean meal-based diets prior to pelleting. Pelleted diets investigated for growing-finishing barrows of high-lean-gain-potential included: 1) University of Nebraska recommended formulations; 2) diets formulated to contain 0.1% less available phosphorus than recommended; 3) diets formulated with 500 FYT/kg added phytase from Ronozyme-P®; 4) diets formulated with 750 FYT/kg added phytase from Ronozyme-P®; 5) diets formulated with 500 FTU/kg added phytase from Natuphos®; and 6) diets formulated with 750 FTU/kg added phytase from Natuphos®. Temperature of the pellets …

Defining The Optimal Feed Budget System For Terminal-Crossed, Growing-Finishing Barrows, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Darren J. Critser

Nebraska Swine Reports

This experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performance and carcass quality measurements in growing-finishing barrows assigned to different feed budget systems. Forty-eight barrows with an initial body weight of 47.3 lb were randomly allotted to one of three different feed budget systems. The experiment was continued until the average body weight was 270 lb, at which time all pigs were slaughtered. Growth performance and real-time ultrasound measurements were taken biweekly, except for the final period, which was 24 days. Carcass tenth-rib backfat and longissimus muscle area measurements were made 24 hours postmortem. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was affected …

Factors Affecting Bacon Color And Composition, J. E. Mann, Roger W. Mandigo, Dennis E. Burson, R. Garza

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genetic line, diet, sex, slaughter weight and location within the slab on the proximate composition and color of bacon lean and fat. Bacon slabs manufactured from bellies of 756 barrows and gilts of six different genetic lines equally distributed among four feeding regimes, with differing lysine levels, and three weight groups and processed into sliced retail bacon (nine slices/inch) were used. Sliced bacon slabs were divided into five equally sized sections and two bacon slices were taken from the anterior end of each for machine vision and proximate analyses. …

Update On The Economics Of Feeding Ractopamine (Paylean™) To Finishing Pigs, Duane Reese, Larry L. Bitney

Nebraska Swine Reports

Ractopamine is a feed additive that improves feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass merit in finishing pigs. An economic feasibility analysis on the feeding of 4.5 and 9.0 g/ton ractopamine to finishing pigs fed a 1% lysine, corn-soybean meal diet for an average of 29 days before slaughter was conducted. The analysis was performed in two stages: 1) an economic benefit for ractopamine was calculated from revenues due to improved feed efficiency, daily gain and carcass yield (dressing percent), and 2) the amount of a carcass lean premium needed per pig to recover the added cost of feeding ractopamine was …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 3 2002, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Weaning Date For Spring Calving Cows Grazing Sandhills Range, Lane Ciminski, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Dick Clark, Andy Applegarth, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Russ Sandberg

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year experiment was conducted with March calving cows to determine the effect of the weaning date on cow body condition score, cow body weight, and calf body weight. Treatments were of eight weaning dates imposed at consecutive two-week intervals, beginning in mid-August and ending in late November. Cow body condition score declined linearly as weaning date was later in the fall. Calf body weight gains from August through November increased with weaning dates from August 18 through October 13; however, weaning after October 13 provided no advantage of increased calf body weight gain.

Forage Quality And Animal Performance Of Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass/Legume Pastures, Mark Ullerich, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Bruce Anderson, Michael Trammell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate effects of interseeding legumes into smooth bromegrass pastures on animal performance and forage quality. Animal gains on legume/bromegrass treatments were higher than bromegrass alone. Laboratory analysis of diet samples collected from ruminally fistulated steers indicated no difference in the undegradable intake protein content of pastures. Legume/bromegrass treatments had higher IVDMD than the control. Therefore, the increases in gain are attributed to increased energy of legume/bromegrass diets and not undegradable protein content.

Tryptophan Requirements And The Effects Of Supplemental Tryptophan On Growth Performance, Plasma Metabolites, And Meat Quality In Nursery, Growing, And Finishing Pigs, Amy Christina Guzik

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This research was conducted to estimate the true digestible Trp (dTrp) requirements in nursery, growing, and late finishing pigs and the effects of supplemental Trp on physiology, behavior, and meat quality. Five experiments were conducted to estimate the dTrp requirement in nursery pigs. Using broken-line regression analysis, dTrp requirements were 0.21, 0.20, and 0.18% for Phase I (5.2 to 7.3 kg), II (6.3 to 10.2 kg), and III (10.3 to 15.7) nursery pigs. In addition, four experiments were conducted to estimate the dTrp requirements in growing and finishing pigs. Using broken-line regression analysis, the dTrp requirement of pigs weighing 30.9, …

The Effects Of Phytase In Nutritionally Adequate Diets, Diets Deficient In Calcium And Phosphorus, And The Interactive Effects Of Phytase And Eimeria Acervulina Infection In Broiler Chicks, Brandy Centrell Watson

LSU Master's Theses

Six experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of Eimeria acervulina (E. acervulina) infection and phytase, and the effects of phytase in nutritionally adequate diets and in diets deficient in Ca and available P (aP). Corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diets were used. In Exp 1, treatments were: 1) C-SBM, 1.0% Ca and 0.45% aP; 2) C-SBM, 0.80% Ca and 0.25% aP; 3) Diet 1 + 600 FTU phytase/kg; 4) Diet 2 + 600 FTU phytase/kg; 5 to 8) Diets 1 to 4 but infected with coccidiosis. Weight gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed were reduced (P < 0.01) by the coccidial infection and the reduction in Ca and aP. Phytase increased (P < 0.02) ADG and ADFI, regardless of the Ca and aP content of the diet or the presence of coccidiosis. Gain:feed was increased by phytase but only in uninfected chicks (phytase x coccidiosis interaction, P < 0.02). Phytase increased (P < 0.02) bone ash percentage but only in diets deficient in Ca and aP (P < 0.01). Experiments 2 and 3 included only treatments 1 to 4 of Exp 1. The reduction in Ca and aP reduced (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed. Phytase addition increased (P < 0.02) ADG and ADFI in diets deficient in Ca and aP and in the nutritionally adequate diets. Experiments 4, 5, and 6 were conducted to determine the effects of phytase on intestinal transit time in broilers. Diets were: 1) C-SBM, 0.9% Ca and 0.35% aP; 2) C-SBM, 0.80% Ca and 0.25% aP + 600 FTU phytase/kg. Transit time on Day 1, but not on Day 7, was faster (P < 0.03) in chicks fed phytase. These data indicate that phytase is effective in the presence of a coccidial infection, but it may not be as effective as in uninfected chicks. Futhermore, phytase increases growth in diets deficient in Ca and aP and in diets formulated to be adequate in all nutrients. This increase in growth may be due to a faster transit time of feed through the digestive tract, resulting in a greater feed intake and gain.