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Using Ailuropoda Melanoleuca As A Model Species For Studying The Ecomorphology Of Paranthropus, Ryan Andrew King

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) have cranial morphology similar to the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus which makes them an excellent model species when studying Paranthropus diet. Both species have wide skulls with flared zygomatic arches adapted for chewing. To gain insight into possible food sources of Paranthropus, I investigated the giant panda’s specialized diet of bamboo. The toughness, hardness, and stiffness of various bamboo species was determined to assess mechanical challenges facing giant pandas during feeding. Bamboo is thought to be tough, but studies on such properties and how they apply to mastication of giant pandas are largely …

03. Biology, University Of Central Oklahoma

Oklahoma Research Day Abstracts

No abstract provided.

02. Animal Science, University Of Central Oklahoma

Oklahoma Research Day Abstracts

No abstract provided.

11. Genetics, University Of Central Oklahoma

Oklahoma Research Day Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Grain Distillers Dried Yeast As A Fish Meal Substitute In Practical-Type Diets Of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Blake S. Hauptman, Frederic T. Barrows, Stephanie S. Block, T. Gibson Gaylord, John A. Paterson, Steven D. Rawles, Wendy M. Sealy

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Grain distillers dried yeast (GDDY) is a single-cell protein obtained as a co-product during the production of fuel ethanol thatmay have potential as a protein replacement for rainbowtrout. The goal of this studywas to examine the suitability of GDDY as a replacement for fish meal on a digestible protein basis in rainbow trout diets. An in-vivo digestibility study was performed to determine the nutrient availability of GDDY. Subsequently, a control diet containing 42% digestible protein and 20% lipidwas formulated to replace fish meal proteinwith GDDY protein at eight different levels (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, and 100%). Diets …

Stress And Reproductive Hormones Reflect Inter-Specific Social And Nutritional Conditions Mediated By Resource Availability In A Bear–Salmon System, Heather M. Bryan, Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards, Judit E. G. Smits

Physiology Collection

Food availability can influence the nutritional and social dynamics within and among species. Our investigation focused on grizzly and black bears in coastal British Columbia, Canada, where recent and dramatic declines in their primary prey (salmon) raise concerns about potentially negative effects on bear physiology. We examined how salmon availability relates to stress and reproductive hormones in coastal grizzly (n = 69) and black bears (n = 68) using cortisol and testosterone. In hair samples from genotyped individuals, we quantified salmon consumption using stable isotope analysis and hormone levels by enzyme immunoassay. To estimate the salmon biomass available to each …

Ua66/5 Department Of Agriculture 2014 Newsletter, Department Of Agriculture And Food Science

Agriculture Department Publications

Sections include:

Alumni

In Memory of Dr. David M. Coffey

Outstanding Agriculture Students

J Dominique Gumirakiza– Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics

Students from the Department of Agriculture Study Developmental Issues in Andean Agriculture in Ecuador

Viticulture News

Turfgrass Management News

Internships at the Baker Arboretum

Southern Forages Authors Visit WKU

Agricultural Ambassadors

Agricultural Education News

Agriculture Students Striving for Effective Tomorrows (ASSET) Conference

WKU Dairy Challenge Team participates in 8th Annual Southern Regional Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® Contest

WKU Dairy Challenge Team participates in 8th Annual Southern Regional Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® Contest

Student Research– Assessment of Stress in Therapy Horses

Agronomy …

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 15 2014, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Increasing Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration Decreases Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations In Steers Fed High-Sulfur Diets Based On Ethanol Coproducts, S. J. Morine, M. E. Drewnoski, S. L. Hansen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Cattle feedlot diets commonly contain ethanol coproducts that are high in S. This dietary S is reduced in the rumen by sulfate reducing bacteria, resulting in an accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), increasing the risk for S toxicity. A negative correlation between H₂S and ruminal pH has been observed previously. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of varying dietary NDF from chopped bromegrass hay (66% NDF) on performance, ruminal pH, and ruminal H2S gas concentration of steers fed a high-S finishing diet. One hundred fifty crossbred steers (359 ± 51 kg BW) were blocked …

Effect Of Winter Supplementation Level On Yearling System Profit Across Economic Scenarios, Kari L. Gillespie, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald Donald, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Calves backgrounded in a forage–based, yearling system at a greater ADG maintained a performance advantage through finishing. High-level supplemented cattle gained an additional 0.18 lb daily during finishing and produced an additional 81 lb of saleable live weight compared to cattle backgrounded at a low-supplementation level. Across four economic scenarios with varying corn and distillers prices, high-level supplemented cattle returned $55.54 more than cattle fed a low level of supplementation during the winter backgrounding phase. Corn price would have to exceed $11.70/bu for high supplementation level to no longer be profitable.

Effects Of Forage Quality, Mdgs, And Monensin On Performance, Methane Concentration, And Ruminal Fermentation Of Growing Cattle, Anna C. Pesta, Andrea K. Watson, Samodha Fernando Fernando, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A growing study was conducted to evaluate a novel method for measuring methane concentration by feedlot cattle, and to determine the effects of forage quality, inclusion of modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), and presence or absence of monensin on performance, methane concentration, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Performance was improved by use of high-quality forage and MDGS, while response to monensin was variable across basal diet type. Response of methane concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile due to diet was variable and subject to multiple interactions, reflecting the complexity of the microbial processes involved within the rumen.

Effects Of Winter Supplementation On Cow Performance And Post-Weaning Management On Steer And Heifer Progeny In A Late Spring Calving System, John D. Harms, Rick N. Funston, L. Aaron Stalker Stalker, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Andrew F. Applegarth, Adam F. Summers

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of winter supplementation while grazing dormant Sandhills winter range or meadow on cow performance and the effects of post-weaning management on steer and heifer progeny. Winter treatment had no effect on cow BCS or BW at precalving, prebreeding, and weaning. Steers and heifers fed hay gained more BW during winter treatment compared to those grazing meadow, but post-weaning management had no subsequent effects on steer or heifer progeny.

Impact Of Supplemental Protein Source On Pregnant Beef Heifers, Adam F. Summers, T. L. Meyer, Michael F. Kirby Kirby, Jim R. Teichert, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred, AI-pregnant heifers were fed in a Calan Broadbent individual feeding system for 110 days beginning at approximately day 142 of gestation. Heifers were offered ad libitum grass hay and no supplement, hay plus distillers based supplement, or hay plus dried corn gluten based supplement. Supplements were isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and equal in lipid content but differed in rumen undegradable protein. Protein supplementation increased DMI and ADG in pregnant heifers; however, calf birth BW and subsequent pregnancy rates were similar.

Effect Of Distillers Grains Supplementation On Calves Grazing Irrigated Or Non-Irrigated Corn Residue, Mandi Jones, James C. Macdonald, Galen Erickson Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Steer calves grazing irrigated or non-irrigated corn residue received supplementation of dried or modified distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) at 0.3, 0.7, or 1.1% of BW . Steers were individually supplemented daily through Calan gates. Daily gain improved quadratically with increasing supplementation (1.55 lb/day to 2.12 lb/day) and for calves grazing non-irrigated (2.02 lb/day) compared to irrigated (1.77 lb/day) corn residue. Feeding dry instead of modified DGS did not significantly impact ADG. Supplementing DGS to calves grazing corn residue increased gain during the winter period.

Nutrient And Tenderness Differences Of Beef From Heifers Due To Mutation Of The Myostatin Genehypothesized, Michelle E. Semler, Chris R. Calkins, Galen E. Erickson Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Strip loins and eye of rounds were obtained from heifers genotyped with variations of the myostatin gene; 19 homozygous dominant (Angus), 20 heterozygous dominant (Angus x Piedmontese), and 20 homozygous recessive (Piedmontese). Steaks were aged for 14 days, cooked fresh (never frozen), and nutrient steaks were frozen three days postmortem. Meat from homozygous recessive heifers was equal in tenderness to homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant heifers. Fat content of meat from homozygous recessive heifers decreased while moisture and protein increased compared to homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant. Calorie content decreased with increasing copies of the recessive gene. Thus, meat from …

Effect Of Feeding De-Oiled Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Beef Fatty Acid Profiles, Katherine I. Domenech, Kim A. Varnold, Michelle E. Semler Semler, Michael D. Chao, Tommi F. Jones, Galen E. Erickson, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A total of 336 steers were fed one of seven finishing diets: a corn-based control, 35%, 50%, or 65% inclusion of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), either traditional (full-fat) or de-oiled. At harvest, 15 low USDA Choice carcasses within each dietary treatment (n = 105) were selected to evaluate the effect of diet on the fatty acid profile of strip loin steaks aged seven days. Feeding WDGS increased the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in comparison to a corn based diet. Feeding de-oiled WDGS resulted in less PUFA’s than the full-fat WDGS diets. It seems that the removal …

Effects Of Dietary Change On Viral-Bacterial Interactions In The Rumen Of Cattle, Christopher L. Anderson, Melissa L. Jolly, Adam L. Shreck Shreck, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Samodha C. Fernando

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This ongoing study investigates the impact of diet and bacteriophage activity on the structuring of rumen microbial community composition and diversity. Fistulated cattle were acclimated to a given diet for 21 days before samples were collected and subsequently enriched for viral particles with tangential flow filtration. Taxonomic identification, abundance, and functional attributes were assigned to both bacterial and viral communities. Principle coordinate analysis of the bacterial communities revealed significant clustering based on diet. While diet drives the structuring of rumen bacterial communities, bacteriophages may maintain high, constant bacterial diversity.

Grass Type, Grazing Supplementation, And Finishing Diets Affect Beef Fatty Acids, Kimberly A. Varnold, Chris R. Calkins, Brandon L. Nuttelman Nuttelman, Lasika S. Senaratne-Lenagala, Tommi F. Jones, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred steers (n = 64) were grazed on warm- or cool-season grasses, without or with energy supplementation of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS), and were finished on a corn-based diet with or without 35% WDGS. Grass type was the major contributor in determining the fatty acid profile, especially in the neutral lipid layer. Warm-season grasses decreased concentrations of most fatty acids compared to cool-season grasses. The provision of WDGS as an energy supplement while grazing dissipated any differences caused by grass type.

Uk Ag Equine Programs 2014 Calendar: A 12-Month Planning Calendar For The Care And Use Of Your Horses, Jason R. Philips, Glenn Mackie, Don Sorrell, Nicholas L. Carter, Paula A. Jerrell, Brian Newman, Daniel O. Wilson, Christopher Jeffcoat, Karen Douglas, Katheryn Cerny, Fernanda Camargo, Robert Coleman, Essie Rodgers, Jim Smith

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

The information in this calendar is provided to aid owners in planning for the care and use of their horses. When necessary, information is discussed in the month prior to application to allow horse owners adequate time to plan for activities such as weed control, soil testing, and vaccinations.

Contact your local veterinarian for health-related issues and your county extension agent for further information. Phone numbers are listed at the end of the calendar.

High-Sulfur In Beef Cattle Diets: A Review, M. E. Drewnoski, D. J. Pogge, S. L. Hansen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

While many cattle feeding areas in the United States have long dealt with high sulfate water, increased feeding of ethanol co-products such as distillers grains with solubles to beef cattle has led to a corresponding increase in dietary sulfur. As a result, sulfur metabolism in the ruminant has been the focus of many research studies over the past ten years, and advances in our knowledge have been made. Excessive sulfur in cattle diets may have implications on trace mineral absorption, dry matter intake, and overall cattle growth. This review will focus on what we have learned about the metabolism of …

Qtls Associated With Dry Matter Intake, Metabolic Mid-Test Weight, Growth And Feed Efficiency Have Little Overlap Across 4 Beef Cattle Studies, Mahdi Saatchi, Jonathan E. Beever, Jared E. Decker, Dan B. Faulkner, Harvey C. Freetly, Stephanie L. Hansen, Helen Yampara-Iquise, Kristen A. Johnson, Stephen D. Kachman, Monty S. Kerley, Jaewoo Kim, Daniel D. Loy, Elisa Marques, Holly L. Neibergs, E. John Pollak, Robert D. Schnabel, Christopher M. Seabury, Daniel W. Shike, W. M. Snelling, Matthew L. Spangler, Robert L. Weaber, D. J. Garrick, Jeremy F. Taylor

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Background: The identification of genetic markers associated with complex traits that are expensive to record such as feed intake or feed efficiency would allow these traits to be included in selection programs. To identify large-effect QTL, we performed a series of genome-wide association studies and functional analyses using 50 K and 770 K SNP genotypes scored in 5,133 animals from 4 independent beef cattle populations (Cycle VII, Angus, Hereford and Simmental × Angus) with phenotypes for average daily gain, dry matter intake, metabolic mid-test body weight and residual feed intake.

Results: A total of 5, 6, 11 and 10 significant …

Variation In Time And Magnitude Of Immune Response And Viremia In Experimental Challenges With Porcine Circovirus 2b, Taylor B. Engle, Erin E. Jobman, Timonthy W. Moural, Autumn M. Mcknite, Justin W. Bundy, Sarah Y. Barnes, Emily H. Davis, Judith A. Galeota, Thomas E. Burkey, Graham S. Plastow, Stephen D. Kachman, Daniel C. Ciobanu

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Background: Porcine circovirus 2 is the primary agent responsible for inducing a group of associated diseases known as Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD), which can have detrimental effects on production efficiency as well as causing significant mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation in viral replication, immune response and growth across pigs (n = 974) from different crossbred lines. The approach used in this study was experimental infection with a PCV2b strain of pigs at an average of 43 days of age.

Results: The sequence of the PCV2b isolate used in the challenge was similar with a …

G@Llinformed: Newsletter Of The Iucn-Ssc Galliformes Specialist Group 8-13 (2014-2017), Iucn Species Survival Commission Galliformes Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

Issue 8 (April 2014)

From the Co-chairs, Peter Garson and Ilse Storch

Co-chairs advisory board members

G@llinformed letters and reports

The EAZA Cracid TAG: What about it? Cathy King

The EAZA Galliformes TAG update, Jan Dama

The last indigenous black-necked pheasant population of Europe, Christos Sokos and Periklis Birtsas

The ecological requirements of the spotted wood-quail Odontophorus guttatus in Noj K'a'ax Meen Elijio Panti National Park, Roni Martinez and Jack Clinton Eitniear

Honduran Ornithological Society-Ocellated Quail Conservation Project, Jack Clinton Eitniear

Venezuelan wood-quail: Request for information, Jack Clinton Eitniear

Hume’s pheasant in Nagaland, Lansothung Shitiri

Strategic conservation planning workshop for …

Litter Deposition And Nitrogen Return In Rotationally Stocked Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, John A. Guretzky, Walter H. Schacht, Ana B. Wingeyer, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Understanding how management systems impact nutrient cycling is important to pasture sustainability. From 2010 to 2011, we investigated how supplementation of beef cattle (Bos taurus) with corn (Zea mays L.) dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on unfertilized, rotationally stocked smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pasture (SUPP) affected the litter pool, residual herbage mass, litter deposition, and litter quality relative to unsupplemented beef cattle rotationally stocked on unfertilized control (CONT) and N-fertilized (FERT) smooth bromegrass pastures. As hypothesized based on management for greater herbage mass and animal demand during the grazing season, litter deposition was 48% …

Comparative Digestibility By Cattle Versus Sheep: Effect Of Forage Quality, S. A. Soto-Navarro, R. Lancaster, C. Sankey, B. M. Capitan, B. P. Holland, L. A. Balstad, C. R. Krehbiel

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective was to determine the effect of forage quality on apparent total tract digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle versus sheep. Five yearling English crossbred (Hereford × Angus) steers (440.4 ± 35.6 kg of initial BW) and 5 yearling whiteface (Rambouillet × Columbia × Debouillet) wethers (44.4 ± 4.6 kg of initial BW), each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 forage sources within ruminant specie, and the study was conducted over 3 periods. For forage source, both animal and period served as the blocking factor with all forage sources represented once within each …

Effects Of Beef Production System On Animal Performance And Carcass Characteristics, C. L. Maxwell, C. R. Lopez, B. K. Wilson, B. T. Johnson, B. C. Bernhard, C. F. O'Neill, D. L. Vanoverbeke, G. G. Mafi, D. L. Step, C. J. Richards

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate conventional (CONV) and natural (NAT) beef production systems from annual pasture through finishing through grazing. Beef steers (n = 180, initial BW = 250 ± 19 kg) were assigned randomly to 2 treatments in the pasture phase. Steers were implanted with 40 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA), 8 mg estradiol, and 29 mg tylosin tartrate (CONV), or received no implant (NAT). Steers on the 2 treatments grazed wheat or cereal rye for 109 d. Conventional steers had an 18.5% improvement in ADG (1.22 vs. 1.03 kg/d, P < 0.01) and a heavier final BW (385 vs. 366 kg, P < 0.01) compared with NAT steers. Following the pasture phase, steers (n = 160 steers, 5 steers/pen, 8 pens/treatment) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial in the feedlot phase. Production system (NAT vs. CONV) was maintained from the pasture phase, and the second factor was 7 vs. 12% low-quality roughage (DM basis, LOW vs. HIGH). During finishing, CONV steers were given 120 mg of TBA and 24 mg estradiol at processing, fed monensin and tylosin, and fed zilpaterol hydrochloride for the last 20 d of the experiment. There were no program × roughage level interactions (P > 0.07). The CONV steers ate …

Short-Term Effects Of Lower Oil Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Laying Hen Rations, Sheila E. Scheideler, Kathy Hanford, Brett Kreifels

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Extraction of oil from dried distillers grains has become a common practice among US ethanol producers. The valuable oil has been diverted to markets other than poultry feed, leaving new dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) products higher in fiber and purportedly lower in ME. This study compared 3 DDGS products with 10.3, 7.3, or 5.2% ether extract, respectively, with a corn-soy control ration in young Bovan laying hens for a feeding period from 20 to 33 wk of age. The DDGS was fed at the rate of 20% of the ration. Lower oil content of DDGS had no effect …

Lactational Performance Of Dairy Cows Fed Yeast Derived Microbial Protein In Low And High Forage Diets, Angela Kristia Manthey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of substituting soybean meal products with yeast-derived microbial protein [(YMP) DEMP; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY] in diets containing two forage concentrations. Sixteen Holstein cows (4 primiparous and 12 multiparous) were randomly assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Diets contained low (LF; 45% of diet DM) or high forage (HF; 65% of diet DM) and YMP at 0 (NYMP) or 2.25% (WYMP) of the diet. The forage mix consisted of 67% corn silage and 33% alfalfa hay (DM basis). …

The Effects Of Maternal Energy Restriction During Mid-Gestation On Growth Performance, Immune Function, And Gene Expression In The Resultant Beef Offspring, Anna Rose Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fetal or developmental programming evaluates the effects of maternal alterations on the developing fetus and the potential consequences later in life. To understand the effects of mid-gestation energy restriction on beef cows and their calves the objectives of this dissertation were to determine the effects of dietary energy restriction on measurements associated with cow energy status, and the effects on growth performance, the humoral immune response, and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in the resultant beef offspring. Pregnant beef cows were allotted into 2 treatment groups during mid-gestation: 1) fed at maintenance (Positive Energy Status (PES)); or 2) fed just …