Digital Commons Network^™

Preparing Samples Of Rancid Milk For Milk Judging Contests, Danielle Li

Dairy Science

Due to the growing concern of raw milk, there is a growing need for other methods of preparing rancid milk for milk judging. The origin of rancidity in milk is due to lipolysis caused the lipase enzyme. However, with pasteurization, the lipase enzyme is inactivated. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effect of using lipase powder to other current methods of preparing rancid milk, such as utilizing raw milk. Result showed that all treatments caused desired rancidity. The second purpose was to compare the rancidity between Method A, two to three hour incubation at room temperature, and …

Development Of Applied Standard Operating Procedures And Monitoring Practices, Nick Southfield

Dairy Science

Development of a standard operating procedure program for Southfield Dairy was chosen in order to improve the work environment and animal health with an underlying goal to improve profitability. Critical control points for the milk barns, maternity barn and calf barn on the dairy, were identified as being critical to the production of quality milk, both for sale and calf feed. Data recording implementation through identification of recordable data, equipment purchases, and log sheet production, was done so to increase relevant information available for veterinary services and specialty consultants. Implementation of procedural documents and training programs are discussed to see …

A Literature Review On Injection-Site Lesions In Dairy Cows And Culling Decisions, Eric B. Parsons

Dairy Science

Currently dairy producers face particular problems concerning their culled cows and bulls, these problems must be addressed so dairy producers have the opportunity to improve the quality of beef produced from their cull dairy cows. At the moment, not much is known about culling decisions outside “break-even” numbers and poor cow conditioning. This literature review outlines the strategy behind culling decisions and looks into potential plans to develop progressive body conditioning and quality of meat sent to auction. Currently the dairy industry is not placing much demand into providing the livestock auctions and harvest plants with higher quality meat. This …

Using Progesterone As An Indicator Of Ovarian Response To Stimulation In Cattle, Kayla Mariah Kauffman

Animal Science

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Disorders Recorded In Dogs Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices In England, Dan G. O'Neill, David B. Church, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Peter C. Thomson, Dave C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Purebred dog health is thought to be compromised by an increasing occurence of inherited diseases but inadequate prevalence data on common disorders have hampered efforts to prioritise health reforms. Analysis of primary veterinary practice clinical data has been proposed for reliable estimation of disorder prevalence in dogs. Electronic patient record (EPR) data were collected on 148,741 dogs attending 93 clinics across central and south-eastern England. Analysis in detail of a random sample of EPRs relating to 3,884 dogs from 89 clinics identified the most frequently recorded disorders as otitis externa (prevalence 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.1–11.3), periodontal disease (9.3%, 95% CI: …

Effects Of Alternative Protein Milk Replacer Versus All-Milk Protein Milk Replacer On Weight Gain And Grain Intake In Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves, Kayla Sandoval

Dairy Science

The objective of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference in weight gain and grain intake between Holstein calves fed milk replacer with an alternative protein source and an all-milk replacer. The study took place on a large commercial calf operation in the Central Valley of California. All calves on trial were Holstein bull calves and started the trial within three to ten days of birth. Calves on trial were weighed a total of four times. The 236 treatments did not start until the second weight was measured at about 30 days of age and was …

Identifying Factors Affecting The Low Western Rock Lobster Puerulus Settlement In Recent Years Final Frdc Report – Project 2009/18, Nick Caputi, Ming Feng, Simon De Lestang, Ainslie M. Denham, James D. Penn, Dirk Slawinski, Alan Pearce, Evan Weller, Jason R. How

Fisheries Research Reports

Objectives 1. To use a larval advection model and the rock lobster population dynamics model to assess the effect of the spatial distribution of the breeding stock on the puerulus settlement 2. To assess environmental factors (water temperature, current, wind, productivity, eddies) and breeding stock affecting puerulus settlement 3. To examine climate change trends of key environmental parameters and their effect on the western rock lobster fishery

Fire Severity And Size Alter Quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Regeneration And Defense Against Ungulate Herbivory, Ho Yi Wan

Theses and Dissertations

Human activities and rapid global climate change are altering fire regimes with potential threat to the stability of aspen ecosystems in North America. Aspen is an early successional species that plays an important role in post-fire forest reestablishment, but chronic browsing on juvenile aspen by large ungulate herbivores after fire can be detrimental and lead to regeneration failure. Although larger and more severe fires are expected to become more prominent, whether and how this may influence aspen and ungulate communities remains unclear. The objective of this research was to examine how the relationship between aspen and ungulate communities might be …

Parturition Of Mule Deer In Southern Utah: Management Implications And Habitat Selection, Eric D. Freeman

Theses and Dissertations

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are an ecologically, economically, and socially important species across much of the western United States. As such, populations and habitat are intensely managed by state game agencies. However, populations have been declining in recent decades and several factors have been implicated (e.g., climate, predation, competition, and habitat availability). Population dynamics of mule deer are driven by a combination of survival of adults and juveniles and reproductive rates. While adult female mule deer typically have consistently high annual survival rates (85% annually), juveniles are more easily affected by stressors (biotic and abiotic conditions) and therefore …

Effects Of Prey Abundance On Breeding Season Diet Of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter Gentilis) Within An Unusual Prey Landscape, Robert A. Miller, Jay D. Carlisle, Marc J. Bechard

Intermountain Bird Observatory Publications and Presentations

A critical element of diet analysis is species adaptability to alternative prey sources. The breeding-season diet of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) includes both mammalian and avian species, varies geographically, and is often dependent upon tree squirrels of the genera Sciurus andTamiasciurus. We studied alternative prey sources of Northern Goshawks in the South Hills of south-central Idaho, an area where tree squirrels are naturally absent and other prey frequently important in the diet of goshawks, such as smaller corvids, are uncommon. We quantified the diet of goshawks using nest cameras and surveyed abundance of prey using line …

The Effects Of Substituting True Protein With Non-Protein Nitrogen In Holstein Dairy Heifers Precision-Fed Different Forage To Concentrate Ratios, Noe Alberto Gomez

Animal Science

Understanding the efficiency and digestibility of dietary nutrients in dairy heifers is essential for minimizing costs and environmental impacts of the dairy industry. The objective of this study was to interpret the effects of manipulating rumen-degradable protein (RDP) in a precision feeding system. Eight Holstein ruminally cannulated heifers (14.6 ± 0.1 mo of age, and 386 ± 9.1 kg of weight) were randomly assigned to 2 forage levels: HC (25% forage) and LC (75% forage) and to a degradable protein sequence [0% degradable protein from urea U, 100% casein C (no urea treatment U0); 33% U, 67% C …

The Ipocamp Pressure Incubator For Deep-Sea Fauna, Bruce Shillito, Françoise Gaill, Juliette Ravaux

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Animal Biology studies have always benefited from the achievement of experiments on live animals, which obviously provide data on dynamic aspects of physiology. When it comes to deep-sea fauna, in vivo experiments are impaired, and in some cases impossible, due to the severe and often lethal stress experienced by animals throughout the sampling process. However, freshly collected deep fauna may be maintained alive and in good condition, by using specific aquaria which restore environmental conditions prevailing at depth in situ. Here we describe the pressure device named “Incubateur Pressurisé pour l’Observation et la Culture d’Animaux Marins Profonds”, or IPOCAMP, and …

Assessing The Potential Bacterial Origin Of The Chemical Diversity In Calcareous Sponges, Elodie Quévrain, Mélanie Roué, Isabelle Domart-Coulon, Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The chemodiversity and cultivable bacterial diversity of temperate calcareous sponges were investigated in a time series of collection of two sponges, Leuconia johnstoni (Baerida, Calcaronea) collected from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Clathrina clathrus (Clathrinida, Calcinea) collected from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, using combined chemical and microbiological approaches. Bacteria were visualized in tissue sections of these sponges with Gram staining and in situ hybridization. The sponge crude extracts revealed annually persistent biological activities against reference human pathogen strains: L. johnstoni extracts displayed antimicrobial activity against a Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus strain; C. clathrus extracts displayed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial …

The Effects Of Maternal Separation On Lymphocyte Activity In Rats, Patrick R. Olson, Dr. Reuben Ward Rhees

Journal of Undergraduate Research

We have been investigating how stress affects physiological development. My interest dealt with the effects of stress on the immune system. Lymphocyte proliferation is a common measurement of immune function.

A Conceptual Framework For Clutch-Size Evolution In Songbirds, Thomas E. Martin

Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications

Causes of evolved differences in clutch size among songbird species remain debated. I propose a new conceptual framework that integrates aspects of traditional life-history theory while including novel elements to explain evolution of clutch size among songbirds. I review evidence that selection by nest predation on length of time that offspring develop in the nest creates a gradient in offspring characteristics at nest leaving (fledging), including flight mobility, spatial dispersion, and self-feeding rate. I postulate that this gradient has consequences for offspring mortality rates and parental energy expenditure per offspring. These consequences then determine how reproductive effort is partitioned among …

Variable Facial Plumage In Juvenile Cliff Swallows: A Potential Offspring Recognition Cue?, Allison E. Johnson, Steven Freedberg

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although the ability to recognize related offspring is essential in the evolution of social behavior, the cues that birds use to identify their own offspring are not fully understood. The Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) is a highly social species that nests in large colonies and exhibits a high incidence of both conspecific brood parasitism and extrapair fertilization, behaviors that can potentially lead to parents investing energy and resources in unrelated offspring, which reduces the parents’ genetic fitness. Because parents continue to feed offspring after they leave the nest, parents also risk investing in unrelated offspring by misidentifying their …

Temperature, Hypoxia, And Mycobacteriosis: Effects On Adult Striped Bass Morone Saxatilis Metabolic Performance, Dominique Lapointe, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Mary C. Fabrizio, David T. Gauthier, Richard W. Brill

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Mycobacteriosis, a chronic bacterial disease of fishes, is prevalent in adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay (USA). Although environmental factors may play a role in disease expression, the interaction between the disease and environmental stress remains unexplored. We therefore examined the individual and interactive effects of elevated temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis on the metabolism of wild-caught adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay using respirometry. Because the spleen is the primary target organ of mycobacteriosis in striped bass, we hypothesized that the disease interferes with the ability of fish to increase their hemato crit in the face of increasing oxygen demands. …

Disease And Predation: Sorting Out Causes Of A Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) Decline, Joshua B. Smith, Jonathan A. Jenks, Troy Grovenburg, Robert W. Klaver

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Estimating survival and documenting causes and timing of mortality events in neonate bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) improves understanding of population ecology and factors influencing recruitment. During 2010–2012, we captured and radiocollared 74 neonates in the Black Hills, South Dakota, of which 95% (70) died before 52 weeks of age. Pneumonia (36%) was the leading cause of mortality followed by predation (30%). We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate weekly survival rates and investigate the influence of intrinsic variables on 52-week survival. Model {S1 wk, 2–8 wks, .8 wks} had the lowest AICc (Akaike’s Information Criterion corrected for …

Producing A Transgenic Mouse, Michael Hatch, Dr. David Kooyman

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One of the greatest challenges in the world today is providing adequate nutrition for all, particularly in third world nations. One potential way to improve worldwide nutrition is to use transgenic animals to create a better livestock base. Transgenic animals can potentially be bigger, stronger, and better producers of meat and milk than their non-transgenic counterparts. The purpose of this research project was to produce transgenic mice, serving as a model for what could potentially occur with larger mammals with more agricultural value, such as cows or pigs.

Biochemical Analysis Of Blood Of Native Cattle In The Hilly Area Of Bangladesh, M. A. Mamun, M. M. Hassan, A. H. Shaikat, S.K.M.A. Islam, M. A. Hoque, M. Uddin, M. B. Hossain

Biochemistry Collection

A yearlong study was carried out in indigenous cattle of five upazila namely Khagrachari Sadar, Laxmichari, Matiranga, Mahalchari and Dighinala in Khagrachari Hill District, Bangladesh for determination of statuses of various biochemical parameters. Apparently healthy cattle (100) were selected and blood samples were collected aseptically. Biochemical analysis of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, electrolytes and enzymes were performed by using automated biochemical analyzer (Humalizer®-3000). The results showed that, the variations of parameters were not significant (P>0.05) between male and female. Although there was a slight increase of calcium 8.01±0.32mg/dl, glucose 69.21±2.31mg/dl, LDL 5.69±0.22mg/dl and uric acid 3.85±0.34mg/dl of female compared …

Red Meat And Our Health: Separating Scientific Fact From Politics, Emotion And Misinformation, Peter Ballerstedt

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends restricting our intake of saturated fat to less than 7 percent of calories, and our cholesterol intake to less than 300 mg per day (less than two eggs). They promote the use of low-fat milk and lean meat, and the use of “meat substitutes” in school lunches. These recommendations are consistent with the official dietary policy that began in 1977 with the release of the first Dietary Goals for the United States by the United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. These guidelines were not justified by the then-available science. …

Animal Welfare--Animal Rights: "Protecting Animals Or A Threat To U.S. Food Production And Our Way Of Life?", W. Roy Burris

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Cattle producers are accustomed to dealing with many forms of adversity. Adversity generally comes in the form of blizzards, droughts, floods and economic conditions but now we must deal with animal activists who have their own opinions of what we can and cannot do as it relates to animal welfare and animal rights.

Phages Of Non-Diary Lactococci: Isolation And Characterization Of Phi L47, A Phage Infecting The Grass Isolate Lactococcus Lactis Ssp Cremoris Dpc6860, Daniel Cavanagh, Caitríona M. Guinane, Horst Neve, Aidan Coffey, R. Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Lactococci isolated from non-dairy sources have been found to possess enhanced metabolic activity when compared to dairy strains. These capabilities may be harnessed through the use of these strains as starter or adjunct cultures to produce more diverse flavor profiles in cheese and other dairy products. To understand the interactions between these organisms and the phages that infect them, a number of phages were isolated against lactococcal strains of non-dairy origin. One such phage, ΦL47, was isolated from a sewage sample using the grass isolate L. lactis ssp. cremoris DPC6860 as a host. Visualization of phage virions by transmission electron …

2014 Interior Least Tern And Piping Plover Monitoring, Research, Management, And Outreach Report For The Lower Platte River, Nebraska, Mary Bomberger Brown, Joel G. Jorgensen, Lauren R. Dinan

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This document reports on our monitoring, research, management, and outreach activities during the past 12 months (2013–2014). We prepared it to inform our partners, cooperating agencies, funding sources, and other interested parties of our activities and to provide a preliminary summary of our results.

The lower Platte River and its major tributaries provide important nesting and migratory stopover habitat for two bird species of special conservation concern: the state and federally endangered Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) and threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus). The Tern and Plover Conservation Partnership (TPCP), based at the University of …

Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance: Focused On The Safety, Wholesomeness And Quality Of Beef

Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance Program

Across the nation, beef producers face the challenge of making a living from the land, while producing safe, wholesome beef. Beef that will provide a great eating experience each and every time for American and International consumers.

Dairy Digest 2014, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

No abstract provided.

05. Chemistry, University Of Central Oklahoma

Oklahoma Research Day Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Shape Evolution And Sexual Dimorphism In The Mandible Of The Dire Wolf, Canis Dirus, At Rancho La Brea, Alexandria L. Brannick

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The Rancho La Brea tar pits are a classic fossil lagerstätten, famous for the deposition of episodic accumulations of large numbers of fossils over short intervals in the late Pleistocene. I analyzed 157 Canis dirus (dire wolf) hemi-mandibles from Rancho La Brea through a 2D landmark-based morphometric analysis to test for size and shape changes through time. I scored 16 landmarks on each mandible gathered from four pits of different ages: 61/67 (~13-14 thousand years ago [ka]), 13 (~17-18 ka), 2051 (~26 ka), and 91 (~28 ka). Analyses indicate size does change through time, and shares a broad correlation with …

Subthreshold Toxic Effects Of Atrazine And Three Degradates On Behavior In Procambarus Clarkii, Carol B. Starkey

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Atrazine is among the most heavily applied pesticides worldwide, and recent evidence suggests that it may be unsafe at environmental levels. It is a known endocrine disruptor and a suggested neurotoxin. The US EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is 3 μg/L for human ingestion and 200 μg/L for limited human exposure. Several environmentally persistent degradates have been identified, including deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA). No MCLs have been established for these degradates, although some are suggested toxins. Thus, there remains concern for the risk associated with the presence of atrazine and its degradates in the environment. Currently little …