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Nutrient Utilization, Lactational Performance, And Profitability Of Dairy Cows By Feeding Protein Supplements In High-Forage Lactation Diets, Kathryn Neal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Due to the increasing cost of soybean meal and concerns of excess N being excreted into the environment, new protein supplements have been developed. Two products that have shown potential in increasing N utilization efficiency are slow release urea (SRU; Optigen) and ruminal escape protein derived from yeast (YMP; DEMP). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of feeding these 2 supplements in high-forage [(54% of total dietary dry matter (DM)] dairy diets on nutrient utilization, feed efficiency, lactational performance of dairy cows, and their impacts on income-over feed costs. Twelve …

Ambient Temperature, Calf Intakes, And Weight Gains On Preweaned Dairy Calves, Sheldon D. Holt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There has been little research conducted on the physiological response of calves to temperatures outside thermal neutrality and its effects on intake and weight gain. The effects of ambient temperature on Holstein dairy calves intakes and weight gain were evaluated over a 12-month period at the Utah State University Caine Dairy.

Ambient temperature was monitored using a weather station located 1.3 kilometers from the dairy. Calf health was monitored daily using the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine scoring criteria. Calves were fed whole milk and free choice calf starter. Weight gain, wither and hip height, starter intake, and …

Ghrelin Concentrations In Milk And Plasma Of Dairy Cows During Early Lactation, Sameer M. Alhojaily

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ghrelin is a hormone produced mainly by the cells lining the gastric mucosa. Ghrelin was first extracted from human and rat stomachs, and identified as an endogenous stimulator of growth hormone release. Ghrelin is synthesized and produced in several tissues, but the gastric mucosa remains the major source of circulating ghrelin. Besides growth hormone release, ghrelin stimulates appetite and plays some major roles in different organs. In several studies, ghrelin was described as a hormone with multiple functions and diverse biological actions. Ghrelin exists in two major forms, active ghrelin and inactive ghrelin, and only the active from binds to …

Effects Of Condensed Tannins On The Toxicity Of Fireweed (Senecio Madagascariensis) To Cattle, Carolyn L. Wong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) is a noxious and invasive weed affecting pastures in Hawaii, Australia, and South America. Fireweed contains compounds called pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are toxic to most grazing mammals. Toxic effects to cattle include irreversible damage to liver cells, hardening of the liver, and loss of liver function, which may lead to jaundice, swelling, and the accumulation of fluids in the stomach and other physiological malfunctions. External effects include rough appearance, diarrhea, low energy and dullness, photosensitization, and abnormal behavior, many of which can lead to death. Fireweed also can reduce pasture productivity by as much as …

American Bison Ecology And Bison-Cattle Interactions In An Isolated Montane Environment, Dustin H. Ranglack

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As bison are considered to be ecologically extinct, and negative interactions between bison and cattle are perceived to limit bison restoration and cattle production, I designed a series of studies to test for potential competition between bison (Bison bison) and cattle (Bos taurus) for forage on the Henry Mountains in southern Utah. These studies provide insight into key information gaps previously identified by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), Bureau of Land Management, and the local grazing association. The results indicate that bison and cattle are not strong competitors for forage on the Henry Mountains. …

Physiological Impacts And Lactational Performance Of Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage During Dry Period Through Early To Midlactation, Alexandra Windley Kelley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Developing solutions to the metabolic stress experienced by cows during the transition period is very important because it can negatively influence lactational performance. The objectives were to: 1) compare physiological changes through body weight (BW) and concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and 2) evaluate feed intake, milk production, and energy balance (EB) of cows fed brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS)-based diets when compared with conventional corn silage (CCS)-based diets during the transition. At 4 wk prior to parturition, 40 dry multiparous Holstein cows …

Assessing The Impact Of Supplements, Food Aversions, And Silica On Medusahead Use By Sheep, Tyler Hamilton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ranchers, farmers, land managers, and resource management agencies have been plagued with various types of invasive weeds for decades, ultimately affecting millions of acres of viable wildlife habitat, grazing, and recreational opportunities. Invasive weeds often have nutritional contexts that negatively affect animals in some way, increasing the incentive to avoid consuming it by various animal species and domestic livestock. With the current amount of land infested with this weed, and the limited knowledge of the reason for avoidance, the underlying causes of livestock avoidance require in-depth and fundamental understanding.

In my MS program, I sought to explore the relationship of …

Effect Of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs On Production, Digestion, Fermentation And Rumen Function In Beef Cattle, William Brandon Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In terms of energy density, the cost of shipping hay is often not justified in yr where adverse conditions limit available forage. Our objective was to determine if co-product feedstuffs could be used to meet the energy demands for cows in late pregnancy. Eighty-six crossbred cows (527 ± 0.8 kg BW) in late gestation were stratified by BW, BCS and age and allocated randomly to 1 of 6 groups held on 2-ha dormant bermudagrass pastures for 68 d. Three groups were offered bermudagrass hay ad libitum (HAY) and three groups were offered 6.4 kg of soybean hulls (LSH) daily and …

Production Of A Soybean Meal With High-Protein And Low Anti-Nutritional Factors For Fish Feed, Maria De Las Mercedes Castro

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing areas of the food production system. According to the FAO, its rise is expected to continue through the year 2030 in order to maintain per-capita consumption levels required for the increasing population. Fishmeal--obtained from wild-harvested fish--has been the source of protein for fish feed. However, data indicates that these fish harvests are in decline, which could restrain that growth. The possibility of a shortage of fishmeal prompted the industry to look into possible alternatives. Soybean meal appears as a promising substitute since it is an affordable high quality source of protein. However, the …

Ecological Studies Of Wolves On Isle Royale, 2013-2014, John A. Vucetich, Rolf O. Peterson

Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale

Annual Report 2013-2014

Model Development For The Prediction Of Intake And Carcass Measures To Be Used As Economic Marketing Determinants For Calf-Fed Steers, Mallorie F. Wilken

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Accurate prediction of intake and carcass characteristics can assist in projecting input costs and potential premiums when cattle are sold at optimum finishing so net profit/loss can be anticipated. Currently published DMI prediction equations and dietary NE values are based off of data collected over 50 years ago and have been shown to inaccurately predict intake compared to a prediction equation based of off performance data. Calculating dietary NE values from performance data increased precision and accuracy of prediction. Additionally, prediction accuracy was increased for diets containing ethanol byproducts. Since ethanol byproducts have been shown to have 110 to 140% …

Exclusion Performance In Dwarf Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) And Sheep (Ovis Orientalis Aries), Christian Nawroth, Eberhard Von Borell, Jan Langbein

Learning Ability Collection

Using a comparative approach, we investigated the ability of dwarf goats and sheep to use direct and indirect information about the location of a food reward in an object-choice task. Subjects had to choose between two cups with only one covering a reward. Before making a choice, subjects received information about the baited (direct information) or nonbaited cup (indirect information). Both goats and sheep were able to use direct information (presence of food) in the object choice task. After controlling for local enhancement, we found that goats rather than sheep were able to use indirect information (i.e., the absence of …

Effects Of Replacing Fishmeal With Squash Seed Meal (Cucurbita Maxima) On Performance Of Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Janice A. Ragaza, Jonni Fay C. Teves, Marie Noelle Fernandez

Biology Faculty Publications

The effects of replacing fishmeal with squash (Cucurbita maxima) seed meal (SSM) on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were investigated on a 30-day feeding trial. Triplicate groups of ten (10) O. niloticus juveniles (2.54±0.949 g) stocked in polyethylene tanks received iso-nitrogenous diets with SSM inclusion levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Fish fed 5% SSM inclusion level showed the highest average weight gain (202.25±36.26%) and specific growth rate (3.76±0.42%) among the fish fed SSM-containing diets. However, there were no significant differences between the average weight gain and specific growth rate of fish in all diets. Fish fed S5, S15 and …

Wpa News 93 (2014), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (Spring 2014), number 93

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Section Abstracts: Agriculture, Forestry, And Aquaculture

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Agriculture, Forestry, and Aquaculture Section for the 92nd Annual Virginia Academy of Science Meeting, May 2014, at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia

Impact Of Antimicrobials With Or Without The Addition Of Phytase On Phosphorus Digestibility And Utilization In Swine And Broiler Chickens, Katherine A. Mccormick

Open Access Theses

Three studies were conducted for this thesis. In study 1, effects of antimicrobials on nutrient digestibility and retention of 18 to 20-kg pigs was investigated. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 6 replicate pigs in individual metabolism crates per treatment. The four treatments consisted of, negative control (NC) devoid of antimicrobials with 0.41% total P and 0.71% Ca, NC with 55 mg/kg carbadox (Mecadox 10, Phibro Animal Health), 44 mg/kg tylosin (Tylan 40, Elanco Animal Health), and 11 mg/kg virginiamycin (Stafac 20, Phibro Animal Health). A 5-d total collection period with chromic oxide …

Evaluation Of Forage Soybean Yield And Quality Characteristics And Potential As A Feed Resource For Developing Replacement Beef Heifers, Emily G. Taylor

Open Access Theses

Two agronomic studies were conducted to evaluate the yield and quality potentials of forage soybean (Glycine max ( L .)) grown with and without pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L .)). Results indicate that there were no differences between row spacings of 18 cm or 36 cm and targeted populations of 469,500 seeds ha-1 or 234,750 seeds ha-1 on dry matter yield or overall quality of the forage soybean. While harvest date had significant effects on quality as the crop matured, forage soybean as a monoculture proved to be a very forgiving crop, and recovered in quality as …

The Role Of Sirtuin 1 And Ceramide In T10C12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Induced Delipidation In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Wei Wang

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Project 1: Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA) reduces triglyceride (TG) levels in adipocytes through multiple pathways, with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) generally facilitating, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) generally opposing these reductions. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone/protein deacetylase that affects energy homeostasis, often functions coordinately with AMPK, and is capable of binding to PPARγ, thereby inhibiting its activity. This study investigated the role of SIRT1 in the response of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to t10c12 CLA by testing the following hypotheses: 1) SIRT1 is functionally required for robust TG reduction; …

Uncertainties In Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U.S. Beef Cattle, Quentin M. Dudley, Adam Liska, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson

Adam Liska Papers

Beef cattle feedlots are estimated to contribute 26% of U.S. agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and future climate change policy could target reducing these emissions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of GHG emissions from U.S. grain-fed beef cattle was conducted based on industry statistics and previous studies to identify the main sources of uncertainty in these estimations. Uncertainty associated with GHG emissions from indirect land use change, pasture soil emissions (e.g. soil carbon sequestration), enteric fermentation from cattle on pasture, and methane emissions from feedlot manure, respectively, contributed the most variability to life cycle GHG emissions from beef production. Feeding of …

Rehabilitation Assessment Of A Juvenile Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix Lagotricha Poeppigii) Troop On Sumak Allpa Island, Ecuador, Christine Walder

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The silvery woolly monkey, Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii, is listed as vulnerable by CITES because of habitat degradation, hunting, and illegal trafficking; compounding this problem the monkeys do not successfully breed in captivity. Sumak Allpa, a non-profit foundation in Orellana, Ecuador, has established a rehabilitation program on Sumak Allpa Island to reintegrate monkeys into their natural habitat. A troop of three juvenile monkeys that had spent all but 3-5 months of their life in captivity was introduced to the island in September of 2012 and beginning April 14, 2014 the monkeys’ diet was assessed to determine the feasibility of removing …

Methods For The Effective Care And Rehabilitation Of Captive Lumholtz’S Tree-Kangaroos, Aden Lessiak

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo, Dendrolagus lumholtzi, is one of only two kangaroo species endemic to Australia’s rainforests. However, studies concerning the species are limited, and public knowledge of the species is close to non-existent (Tisdell & Wilson, 2003). Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo is slowly making its way into Australia’s zoos and into the public eye, but lack of formally presented information pertaining to its care has made maintenance of captive populations difficult. With an increasing number of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroos coming into care due to dog attacks and motor vehicle accidents, the need for formalized husbandry information is becoming ever greater (Tree-Kangaroo and Mammal Group, …

Things That Go 'Munch' In The Night: Behavior, Range, And Feeding Ecology Of A Mother And Offspring Daubentonia Madagascariensis, Inga Roen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study of Daubentonia madagascariensis behavior, diet, and range was conducted during the late rainy season in the Sangasanga and Tsiazon'amboa rainforest fragments of the Kianjavato Classified Forest near the village Kianjavato in the Ambositra–Vondrozo Forest Corridor in eastern Madagascar. Research was conducted under the guidance and with the assistance of the Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership. Though multiple studies have described the behavior of juvenile D. madagascariensis individuals in captivity, few researchers have followed them into their natural habitat. In this study, behavioral observations and GPS data were collected and analyzed for a mother Daubentonia madagascariensis individual and her infant when …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2014), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the SDSU Extension 2013 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 The New SDSU Extension: Two Years Later, Change Has Brought New Successes
[Page] 4 Your 24-7 Connection: iGrow.org Makes SDSU Extension Easily Accessible, Responsive
[Page] 5 SDSU Regional Extension Centers: Your Front Door To SDSU
[Pages] 6-7 Leading The Challenge: Projects To Address Food Security, Financial Knowledge Underway
[Pages] 8-9 Regional Collaboration: SET Grants & Food Networks Initiated
[Pages] 10-11 Encouraging & Empowering: Native American Program Assists Reservations In Striving For Healthy Food, Healthy Communities & Youth Science Programming
[Page] 12 Evaluating Yields: Crop Performance Testing Provides Important, Unbiased …

Temperature And Relative Humidity Effects On Water Loss And Hemolymph Osmolality Of Littoraria Angulifera (Lamarck, 1822), Phillip J. Rose

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Desiccation stress is considered to be one of the more significant determining factors that influence how organisms are distributed in the marine littoral. Gastropods living above the high tide mark, referred to as eulittoral fringe gastropods are not wetted as regularly and face unpredictable and prolonged periods of emersion. Consequently, adaptations displayed by eulittoral fringe gastropods are aimed at minimizing water loss and surviving prolonged periods of desiccation stress. Littoraria angulifera, is a tropically distributed marine eulittoral fringe gastropod. Because L. angulifera spends a majority of its time emersed there was interest in studying how the weight loss and hemolymph …

Nursery Pig Growth Response To Feed Ingredients And Feed Additives: I ). Spray-Dried Blood Plasma Vs. Spray-Dried Egg Effect On Nursery Pig Growth Performance Ii ). Effect Of Α-Galactosidase And Citric Acid On Nursery Pig Growth Performance When Added To A Corn-Soybean Meal Diet, Elizabeth Kaye Pegg

Theses and Dissertations

Nursery pigs are defined as newly weaned pigs adjusting to a solid-plant based diet after being weaned from a milk-based diet. Weaning has nutritional, environmental, social, and physiological impacts on the nursery pig. Nutrition is modified to accommodate changing needs of the nursery pig. The nursery pig diet is developed by adding highly digestible animal proteins to the standard corn-soybean meal swine diet. Development of the nursery diet improves pig performance but animal-based proteins can be expensive and do not address undigestible components of the plant-based ingredients. Addition of lower-cost animal proteins, addition of enzymes, and addition of acidifiers have …

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Polymer-Coated Urea, Curtis J. Ransom

Theses and Dissertations

Plants require N to complete their life cycle. Without adequate concentration of N, crops will not produce their potential yields. For turfgrass systems, N fertilizer application allows for the maintenance of functional, aesthetic, and recreational properties. However, fertilizer mismanagement is common and leads to N pollution in the environment. Controlled-release and slow-release fertilizers can enhance nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, reduce N pollution, minimize the need for repeated fertilizer applications, and reduce turfgrass shoot growth and associated costs. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these fertilizers in the Intermountain West, research is needed. The timing of N release was evaluated for …

Soy Products With Reduced Levels Of Sulfite, Free Radicals And Methanethiol, William L. Boatright

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Patents

Soy products or compositions are treated with a food grade iodate compound or a cystine compound to reduce levels of methanethiol, sulfites and sulfite free-radicals, sulfate free radicals and other free radicals generated from sulfite free radicals in the soy products or compositions by 1% to 95%.

Effects Of Covering System, Sealing Time, And Packing On Fermentation, Nutritional Quality, And Organic Matter Loss Of Corn Silage In A Drive-Over Pile, Katie Rose Nutcher

Dairy Science

This project involved an experiment conducted using a 550-ton capacity drive-over pile of whole-plant corn silage. The main effects compared were: packing the final forage surface with a loader or crawler, delay or immediate sealing, and covering with standard plastic or an oxygen barrier film.

Numerous studies have shown that the absence of oxygen in silage stored in a bunker silo or pile is crucial for proper fermentation and to ensure the highest quality silage at feed out. When oxygen is allowed to permeate through the covering material, it leads to visible spoilage. This trial showed that the oxygen barrier …

A Recommendation For The California Dairy System Reform Based On A Comparative Study Of Dairy Market Structuring And Pricing Systems Of Seven Leading Dairy Industries In 2014., Meredith Frisius

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Best Management Practices For Raising Dairy Calves From Birth To Weaning, Alexa Cabral

Dairy Science

There are many different ways to raise calves on dairy farms in the United States. The way calves are raised can depend on the resources, natural environment and operation of the farm. There is no right or wrong way to raise calves. However, the aim of raising calves is to find the best way to raise a healthy calf so that she will become a productive cow. The objective of this literature review was to determine the ideal management practices for raising a healthy calf from birth to weaning. This literature analyzed numerous articles that covered all aspects of calf …