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The Impact Of Essential Amino Acids On The Gut Microbiota Of Broiler Chickens, Thyneice Taylor-Bowden, Sarayu Bhogoju, Collins N. Khwatenge, Samuel N. Nahashon

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The research involving the beneficial aspects of amino acids being added to poultry feed pertaining to performance, growth, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio is extensive. Yet currently the effects of amino acids on the gut microbiota aren’t fully understood nor have there been many studies executed in poultry to explain the relationship between amino acids and the gut microbiota. The overall outcome of health has been linked to bird gut health due to the functionality of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for digestion/absorption of nutrients as well as immune response. These essential functions of the GI are greatly driven by the …

Long-Term Soil Change In The Us Great Plains: An Evaluation Of The Haas Soil Archive, Mark A. Liebig, Francisco J. Calderon, Andrea K. Clemensen, Lisa Durso, Jessica L. Duttenhefner, Jed O. Eberly, Jonathan J. Halvorson, Virginia L. Jin, Kyle Mankin, Andrew J. Margenot, Catherine E. Stewart, Scott Van Pelt, Merle F. Vigil

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Diverse patterns of climate and edaphic factors challenge detection of soil property change in the US Great Plains. Because detectable soil change can take decades, insights into the trajectory of soil properties frequently require long-term site monitoring and, where available, associated soil archives to enable comparisons with initial or baseline states. Unfortunately, few multi-decadal soil change investigations have been conducted in this region. Here, we document effects of dryland cropping on a suite of soil properties by comparing matched historic (1947) and contemporary (2018) soil samples from the Haas Soil Archive at three sites in the US Great Plains: Moccasin, …

Assessment Of The Genotoxic Effect Of Pesticide (Profenophos And Cypermethrin) On Allium Cepa L. Through Comet Assay, Ali Hasnian, Muhammad Rizwan, Hamed Dadkhah-Aghdash ., Zahid Mehmood, Ayesha Iqbal, Zarbab Zulfiqar, Bin Yameen, Hafiz Naveed Anjum, Sohaib Muhammad, Muhammad Luqman, Andleeb Anwar Sardar, Muhammad Umer Farooq

Journal of Bioresource Management

Pesticides are specially designed to control pests and help in increasing the yield of crops. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic effect of the major ingredients of commonly used pesticides (Profenophos and Cypermethrin) on Allium cepa L. in different regions of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Profenophos and Cypermethrin pesticides are extensively used by local farmers. Six different dilutions of Profenophos and Cypermethrin pesticide ranging from, 0.5 ml/L, 1 ml/L, 1.5 ml/L, 2 ml/L, 2.5 ml/L and 3.0 ml/L were applied initially on seeds germination. Seeds grown in a 3.0 ml/L concentration showed a lower radical length percentage as …

Research Advances On The Association Between Human Milk Oligosaccharides And Infant Health, Jiang Yikang, Dong Ling, Liu Hongfei, Pan Lina, Hu Yibo, Peng Xiyang, Kang Wenli, Peng Xiaoyu, Wang Jiaqi, Li Wei

Food and Machinery

Human milk oligosaccharides （HMOs） are a group of complex glycans in human milk and play an important role in promoting the growth and development of infants, and more than 200 kinds of HMOs have been identified so far. In this paper, the types and structures of HMOs and their roles in improving infant intestinal health, promoting immune system development and brain development were reviewed. The application status of HMOs was summarized, the possibility and necessity of industrial production and application of HMOs in the future were prospected.

Discovery, Preparation And Identification Of A New Type Of Oxyphenisatine Di（Acetate） Analogue In Dietary Supplement, Xia Jintao, Wu Wanqin, Zhu Songsong, Jiang Feng

Food and Machinery

Objective: To find, prepare and identify a new oxyphenisatine di（acetate） analogue. Methods: A suspected derivative of oxyphenisatine di（acetate） was found by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry during the routine screening of weight loss healthcare product. The compound was isolated and purified by column chromatography, and the possible structures were inferred from the information of isotope mass spectra, secondary ion mass spectra, one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectra. Finally, all possible structures were prepared by de novo synthesis strategy, and their fine structures were confirmed by spectral comparison. Results： The compound was identified as 5-Cl oxyphenisatine di（acetate）, a new type of oxyphenisatine di（acetate）, …

Optimization Of Culture Conditions For Maximum Viable Count Of Brevibacillus Laterosporus Based On Mtt Colorimetry And Response Surface Methodology, Song Peng, Li Lixiang, Zhao Biao, Wang Zele, Sun Xingxin

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to explore the optimal medium composition and culture conditions for obtaining the maximum viable count of Brevibacillus laterosporus. Methods: Based on establishing the correlation regression equation between the MTT colorimetric method and plate counting method, the optimal medium composition (carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt) and fermentation conditions (initial pH, temperature, inoculation amount, KH₂PO₄) for obtaining the maximum viable count of B. laterosporus were optimized. Results: A significant linear correlation for viable count determination between MTT colorimetry and plate counting (R²>0.999) was found; Maltose, CaCl₂, initial …

Green Analysis Of Glyphosate And Its Metabolite Amino Methyl Phosphoric Acid In Tea, Li Beibei, Wang Wei, Jiang Feng, Wang Huixia, Chen Li

Food and Machinery

Objective： This study aimed to develop an ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) for the analysis of glyphosate and its metabolite amino methyl phosphoric acid (AMPA) residues in tea without derivatization. Methods： Tea samples were ultrasonically extracted with 20 mmol/L NaOH aqueous solution and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction (150 mg primary-secondary amine (PSA), 15 mg C₁₈, 15 mg graphitized carbon black (GCB)). The samples were separated on an ion chromatographic column AS11-HC-4 μm (2 mm×250 mm) by using an isometric elution procedure of 35 mmol/L aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide as mobile phase. A multiple reactions monitoring …

Design And Processing Test Of Eel Automatic Filleting Machine, Liu Mingyong, Ouyang Zhouhuan, Han Xinguang, Xiang Xue, Zhu Lin

Food and Machinery

Objective: A special cutting mechanism for slicing elongated fish with smooth surface was designed. Methods: Taking the slimy eel as the research object, the mechanism of clamping and cutting operation was analyzed. Taking cutting quality and cutting time as test indexes, the influence of main parameters such as clamping wheel speed, cutting tool speed and clamping wheel surface geometry on cutting quality and cutting time were investigated. Results: The main factors affecting cutting quality were blade speed and clamping wheel limit height, and the most important factors affecting cutting time were clamping wheel speed. When the clamping wheel limit height …

Phenolic Compositions And In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Tartary Buckwheat Wine Lees, Zhao Jiawei, Zheng Jia, Li Mao, Zhang Weijian, Yan Junlin

Food and Machinery

Objective: Explored the composition and content of phenolic compounds in tartary buckwheat wine lees, and study their antioxidant activity. Methods: Phenolic compounds in tartary buckwheat wine lees were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. And evaluating its antioxidant activity. Results: 7 phenolic compounds were identified from tartary buckwheat wine lees, including 5 flavonoids, with the highest content of rutin of （9.350±0.050） mg/g, followed by quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol-3-o-rutoside and kaempferol of two phenolic compounds. At 0.5 mg/mL, the scavenging rates of hydroxyl free radical, ABTS⁺ and DPPH free radical reached （73.29±0.09）%, （96.21±0.25）% and （82.55±0.68）%, respectively, with FRAP value of …

Research Progress On Extraction, Structural, Functional Properties And Applications Of Tuber Polysaccharides, Li Pan, Zeng Xiangquan, Li Qianqian, Li Jian

Food and Machinery

Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of edible fungi, which have been widely utilized in the food industry. As a member of the truffle family, Tuber are rich in polysaccharides. Previous studies mainly focused on solvent, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, enzyme-assisted and pressurized liquid extractions regarding the extraction methods of Tuber polysaccharides. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and content, configuration, and ligation mechanism of sugar residues, along with the polysaccharide types of Tuber polysaccharides, have all been studied in relation to the characterization of chemical structures. Additionally, the antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemia, anti-fatigue, and immunomodulatory activities have been evaluated as well. In food …

Research Progress In The Detection Of Amide Alcohol Drugs In Animal-Origin Foods, Zhang Zhenyu, Cui Haiyan, Wang Yong

Food and Machinery

Amide alcohol drugs have a long half-life and are difficult to excrete through the metabolic process after entering the human body. Excessive amide alcohol drugs will cause serious harm to human organs. Therefore, China has formulated a strict maximum residue limit standard for amide alcohol drugs, in which chloramphenicol can’t be detected in all edible tissues. This review introduces the application of chromatography, mass spectrometry, electrochemical method, electrochemiluminescence method, immunoassay, fluorescence method and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method in the detection of amide alcohol drugs in animal-origin foods, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed and new techniques …

Eurasian Aspen (Populus Tremula L.): Central Europe's Keystone Species 'Hiding In Plain Sight', Antonín Kusbach, Jan Šebesta, Robert Hruban, Pavel Peška, Paul C. Rogers

Aspen Bibliography

Knowledge of Eurasian aspen’s (Populus tremula L.) ecological and growth characteristics is of high importance to plant and wildlife community ecology, and noncommercial forest ecosystem services. This research assessed these characteristics, identified aspen’s habitat optimum, and examined causality of its current scarce distribution in central Europe. We analyzed a robust database of field measurements (4,656,130 stands) for forest management planning over 78,000 km² of the Czech territory. Our analysis we used GIS techniques, with basic and multivariate statistics such as general linear models, ordination, and classification. Results describe a species of broad ecological amplitude that has heretofore attracted …

Impact Of Infestation Of Flour By Stored Food Pest Insects Ephestia Kuehniella On Quality Flour: Physico-Chemical Analyses, Hadjira Bendjedid, Samira Yezli-Touiker, Asma Taffar, Amina Yezli, Nabila Souileh

Journal of Bioresource Management

The primary reason for significant post-harvest losses globally stems from the infestation of insect pests. These beetles, as they progress through their life cycle, lead to the deterioration of stored food, capable of decimating an entire inventory within a remarkably brief timeframe. Quality control is a system that monitors product quality, assuring and detecting any spoilage of a product, the impact of infestation of flour by pairs of stored food pest insects E. kuehniella on quality flour was evaluated by physicochemical analyses over time. Provoked exposure of 200 g of flour to 5, 10, and 20 couples of Ephestia keuhniella …

A Comparison Of Larvicide And Garlic Mineral Salts On Horn Fly Populations, Kristina N. Dees, Benjamin J. Schrag

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

For this research project, we studied three separate pastures containing Fort Hays State University’s Holstein cows. One pasture was our control group, with no horn fly protection applied. Another pasture had cattle that were fed with garlic in their mineral salts, an all-natural horn fly prevention method. Our final pasture contained cows sprayed with a larvicide. This was a single-blind study, meaning I did not know which pasture had what treatment, but my professor knew. Throughout the late summer and early fall of 2023, we went out to each pasture and took pictures of ten cows per pasture. Then, using …

Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow From Herbicide-Resistant Yellow Corn To Non-Genetically Engineered Food-Grade White Corn, Mandeep Singh, Vipan Kumar, Stevan Z. Knezevic, John L. Lindquist, Suat Irmak, Santosh Pitla, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nebraska is the number one producer of food-grade white corn in the United States. Pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) from genetically engineered high alpha-amylase corn, known as Enogen corn, to food-grade white corn can have undesirable outcomes. Alpha-amylase can convert starch in white corn to sugar during or after its processing, degrading the quality of processed products. Thus, proximity to Enogen corn puts white corn production at risk. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the PMGF from herbicide-resistant yellow corn to food-grade white corn and assess the significance of wind speed and direction. Field experiments were set up using …

Soil Testing: Compost Submission Form, Shyloh Favreau

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

A Fork In The Road: Uncovering The Impact Of Industrial Animal Agriculture On The Physical Health Of Communities Of Color, Mariana Zepeda

Population Health Research Brief Series

Nearly all (99%) farmed animals in the U.S. come from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). CAFOs are industrial agriculture facilities defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as operations where animals are raised in confinement and meet animal size and waste material thresholds. Communities located near CAFOs, which tend to have high shares of low-income and racial/ethnic minority residents, are at risk of exposure to CAFO-related air and water pollutants. This brief summarizes the health risks for communities located near CAFOs. Additionally, it calls for government regulations that improve transparency, management, and consumer empowerment.

Effect Of Black Soldier Fly Larvae And Food Substrates On Weed Seed Emergence, Stephen L. Meyers, Jeanine Arana, Luz Cardona Giraldo, Laura Ingwell, Laura Rodriguez, Nathaly Vargas

Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture Faculty Publications

Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) composting is biotechnology used for organic waste management and an alternative to traditional composting. We designed a two-phase experiment to evaluate the effect of BSFL composting on the emergence of the following six weed species: barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). The first experiment phase was in the laboratory (laboratory composting phase), which consisted of 100 seeds of each weed species subjected to five composting treatments [two controls (nontreated and standard Gainesville diet alone) and three …

Extending Knowledge On Biosecurity In Small-Scale And Backyard Systems In The United States, Juliette Di Francesco, Amber Itle, Craig Mcconnel, Ragan Adams, Roselle Busch, Richard Van Vleck Pereira, Terry W. Lehenbauer, Beatriz Martínez-López, Alda F. A. Pires

Journal of Extension

The number of small-scale and backyard operations has increased in the United States during the past decade, but there is currently a lack of outreach efforts and readily-available educational materials targeting these farming systems. We developed a webinar series on biosecurity to provide training for small-scale and backyard producers, and training tools that can be used by local veterinarians and extension educators to disseminate knowledge and consistent recommendations more effectively. Fewer people attended the webinars than registered, suggesting a gap between interest in biosecurity and commitment to the topic. Participants in the webinar series reported a high level of satisfaction …

Investigating The Accuracy And Comparability Of Various Lime Prediction Methods For Irish Grassland Mineral Soils, F. Mackessy, E. Mccarthy, E. Broderick, B. O'Donnell, Patrick Quille

Publications

Soil pH is a foundational element of agronomy, profoundly influencing biological, chemical and physical soil processes. Adjusting soil pH is a paramount factor for enhancing soil health and productivity with far-reaching environmental benefits. Over time soil naturally tends towards acidity, a process expedited by intensive agriculture practices. To determine the extent of necessary pH corrections, precise soil pH testing is imperative. Various methods including buffer systems, titrations, lime incubations and algorithms considering soil texture are used to assess a soil's lime requirement and each method carries distinct advantages and disadvantages. The Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt (SMP) buffer method is extensively used in Ireland …

2024 Nebraska Farmland Values And Cash Rental Rates, Jim Jansen, Jeffrey Stokes

Cornhusker Economics

The market value of agricultural land in Nebraska increased by 5% over the prior year to an average of $4,015 per acre, according to the 2024 Nebraska Farm Real Estate Market Survey. This marks the third consecutive year of increases in the market value of agricultural land in Nebraska, setting another high in the non-inflation-adjusted statewide land value in the survey's 46-year history.

Effect Of Adding Different Levels Of Oregano Leaves Extract (Origanum Vulgare) In Drinking Water On The Quality Characteristics Of The Carcass Of Broiler Chickens, Nihad Ali, Motasem Al Massad

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The field Animal Production Department (College of Agriculture / Al-Qasim Green University) was chosen to conduct the project from 18/9/2019 to 23/10/2019. In it 240 chicks of Ross 308 were used. The chicks were randomly divided into four experimental trials. The leaves extracted suspension was added at 0, 3, 5 and 7 ml/liter to drinking water, and the following characteristics were studied: live body weight before slaughter and the weight of the carcass , dressing rate, the relative weights of the main and secondary carcass parts, and the relative weights of the eating giblets.

The results showed that the fourth …

Value Of Gain In The Lamb Feeding Industry, Jay Parsons

Cornhusker Economics

Value of gain (VOG) is a term in the livestock feeding industry that refers to the average value of a pound of gain. It is the most appropriate revenue value to use in comparison to the cost of gain to determine profit margin.

Different Levels Of Single-Strain Probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) With Proteolytic Enzyme (Serratiopeptidase) Can Be Used As An Alternative To Antibiotic Growth Promoters In Broiler, Muhammad Mushtaq, Baseerat Ali, Majid Ali, Neelam Bibi, Rabin Raut, Gamaleldin M. Suliman, Ayman A. Swelum

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

In the current study, the proteolytic enzyme (serratiopeptidase) was used to enhance the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) probiotic as a growth promotor in broiler chicken. The effects of serratiopeptidase on the efficacy of different levels of B. subtilis as a growth promotor in broiler chicks were evaluated regarding growth performance traits, villus histomorphometric characterization, and intestinal microbiota count. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 120) were allocated into 4 groups having 3 replicates/group. In the control group (C), the basal diet was kept without supplementation. In treatment groups (P100, P150, and P200), the basal diet was supplemented with 100, …

Nebline, March/April 2024

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Seven Garden Gaffes to Avoid This Year by Sarah Browning

Youth Advance Health Equity with Community-Based Research by Emily Gratopp

Recipe of the Month: Crunchy Kohlrabi Salad by Emily Gratopp

GROBigRed Virtual Learning Series

Garden Guide: Things to Do This Month

2024 Lincoln Early Childhood Conference

2024 Chemigation Training

Corn Yield Challenge for 4-H and FFA Members

Lancaster County Ag VIP Awards

4-H Teens Work Together to Lead the Lock-In

4-H Horse/Livestock Judging Teams at Nationals

Heart of 4-H Volunteer Award: Sheridan Swotek and Kim Bowen

4-H Club Gives Youth With Disabilities Opportunity to Show Lambs

4-H Rabbit Show, March …

Inducing Experimental Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis Lameness In Broiler Chickens Using Aerosol Transmission Model, Andi Asnayanti, Anh Dang Trieu Do, Khawla Alharbi, Adnan Alrubaye

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lameness disease attributed to bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers affects production, animal welfare, and food safety in the poultry industry. The disease is characterized by necrotic degeneration of the rapidly growing femora and tibiae due to bacterial translocation from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts into the blood circulation, eventually colonizing the growth plate of the long bones. To investigate the etiology, pathogenesis, and intervention measures for BCO, developing an experimental model that reliably induces BCO lameness is of the utmost importance. In the past, we have employed a wire -flooring model and a litter -flooring model administered with a …

Procedures For Rangeland Condition Assessment In The Kimberley 2022, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development

Natural resources published reports

This report defines the procedures used in 2022 by DPIRD to complete rangeland condition assessment (RCA) in the Kimberley region which has grass-based pastures. For the rest of the pastoral estate, DPIRD uses the Procedures for RCA in the Pilbara and southern rangelands which have predominantly shrub pastures.

RCA is the process DPIRD uses to make systematic, lease-level assessment of rangeland. Rangeland condition considers both the condition of pastures (as defined in the 'Pasture condition guide for the Kimberley') and soils as determined by erosion, using the erosion assessment method on pastoral lands in Western Australia (WA). The methods have …

Soil Nitrate Prediction Using Ftir-Atr, Vis-Nir, And Raman Spectroscopy, Sabiha Ferdous

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Attenuated total reflectance (ATR), Visible-Near Infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIR), and Raman spectroscopy (RS) are non-destructive techniques for rapid determination of nitrogen compounds in soil. Leveraging FTIR-ATR and Vis-NIR spectra using partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling, the study aims to predict soil nitrate content and explored the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy to detect nitrate (NO₃^-), nitrite (NO₂^-), and ammonium (NH₄⁺) in soil. Soil samples were collected from four different fields, dried, sieved (2mm), and then used for collecting spectra (FTIR-ATR and Vis-NIR). Laboratory analysis was …

Livestock Risk Protection Insurance Faq, Logan B. Haviland, Ryan Feuz

All Current Publications

Livestock risk protection (LRP) insurance is a partially subsidized livestock insurance provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Risk Management Agency (RMA) that provides protection to producers against unexpected price declines. This fact sheet presents commonly asked questions and answers surrounding livestock risk protection insurance. It outlines the purpose of the program and explains how producers can use LRP insurance to mitigate price risk.

Effect Of Rainfall Pattern On Sediment Yield And Runoff In Different Textured Soils, Abdul-Rahman Perdawood Haydar, Kamyar Mutalib Mohammed, Dawod Rasooli Keya

Polytechnic Journal

Evaluating the impacts of rainfall intensities on bulk density, runoff rate, and sediment yield is critical in soil characterization and sediment transport. The primary objective of this research is to use multiple linear regression analysis to establish several models correlating rainfall intensity, silt content, and clay content with bulk density, sediment yield, and runoff rate. Several soil samples from different locations in Erbil, Iraq, were collected. Soil samples were placed in a rainfall simulator and brought back to in-situ conditions. The parameters of the suggested models for predicting bulk density, runoff rate, and sediment yield were estimated using linear and …