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Soil Temperature And Fumigation Effects On Plant Phosphorus Uptake And Related Microbial Properties, Dennis L. Mccallister, L. A. Jawson, M. D. Jawson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Early season problems with growth of corn (Zea mays L.) under cool, wet conditions prompted a study of the effects of soil and environmental conditions on mineralization and plant uptake of phosphorus (P). Our objective was to determine the effect of soil test P, temperature, and soil fumigation on soil P availability and uptake during early corn growth. Corn was grown in growth chambers at temperatures of 14°C or 25°C. Soils were a high-P Hastings silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udic Argiustoll) and a low-P Sharpsburg clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Plants grew for up to …

Notes: Forage Yield, Quality, And Fertility Of Sorghum X Sudan Grass Hybrids In A1 And A3 Cytoplasm, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, J. J. Toy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Currently, no information is available comparing the agronomic performance of A1 and A3 cytoplasms in sorghum x sudangrass [Sorghumbi color (L.) Moench] hybrids. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of A1 and A3 cytoplasm on the maturity, fertility, height, forage yield, and forage quality of sorghum × sudangrass hybrids. In 1989, pollen from a bulk of eight sudangrass populations was used to pollinate four sorghum lines that had been male-sterilized in both A1 and A3 cytoplasm. Hybrids were grown at the Univ. of Nebraska Field Laboratory Ithaca, NE, in 1990 and 1991, in a split-plot …

Expression Of Follistatin And Inhibin/Activin Subunit Genes In Porcine Follicles, M.D. Li, L.V. Depaolo, J.J. Ford

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Expression of the follistatin (FS) and inhibin/activin (I/A) α, β_A, and β_B subunit genes in porcine ovarian follicles was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or RNase protection procedures to establish changes during the final stages of follicular development. For the I/A α and β_A subunits, expression increased (p < 0.05) as follicles progressed to the mid-stage of the follicular phase. The β_B, subunit was expressed in lower concentrations, and all three I/A subunits showed a marked reduction (p < 0.01) in expression by the late stage of follicular development. In contrast to this pattern, FS gene expression decreased (p < 0.05) as follicles developed from the early (low estradiol) to the mid stage (high estradiol) and continued to decline in advanced follicles (after estrus). The predominant mRNA encoded for FS-315, and the ratio of mRNA for FS-315 to mRNA for FS-288 did not differ significantly during the three stages. Within an animal, concentration of FS mRNAs was related more to stage of the follicular phase than to follicular size. Follicular fluid concentration of FS changed in a manner similar to that observed for expression of its gene. We conclude that expression of the FS gene and translation of its mRNA decrease as follicles approach ovulatory status.

Yield Of Wheat Across A Subambient Carbon Dioxide Gradient, Herman S. Mayeux, Hyrum B. Johnson, H. Wayne Polley, Stephen R. Malone

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Yields and yield components of two cultivars of day-neutral spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were assessed along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations from about 200 to near 350 µmol CO₂ (mol air)^–1 in a 38 m-long controlled environment chamber. The range in CO₂ concentration studied approximates that of Earth’s atmosphere since the last ice age. This 75% rise in CO₂ concentration increased grain yields more than 200% under well-watered conditions and by 80–150% when wheat was grown without additions of water during the last half of the 100-day growing season. …

Genetic Variation In North American Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) Determined By Dna Markers, Martha L. Rowe, Donald J. Lee, Scott Nissen, Brunella M. Bowditch, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Levels of inter- and intrapopulation genetic variation were determined in five North American populations of leafy spurge using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) RFLPs and RAPD markers. Thirteen plastome types were identified among 123 individuals collected from five geographically separated populations. Number of pastimes within a population ranged from one to seven, with four of the populations having a predominate type plus one or more rarer types. Some plastome types were shared by populations, but plastome distribution among populations was nonrandom. RAPD markers indicated greatest relatedness among individuals within a population. Relatedness among populations as established through RAPDs was greater for geographically …

Suitability Of West African Gramineous Stemborers For The Development Of Cotesia Species, Y. Hailemichael, F. Schulthess, J. W. Smith, W. A. Overholt

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The palaeotropical, gregarious, endoparasitic braconids Cotesia sesamiae, Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia chilonis were recently imported into Benin as candidates for biological control of stem and cob borers of maize. Host acceptability and host suitability of six gramineous borers occurring in western Africa, namely the noctuids Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia poephaga, Busseola fusca and the pyralids Contesta ignefiisalis, Eldana saccharina and Mussidia nigrivenella, to these candidate parasitoids was evaluated in order to gain insight into the physiological suitability of the natural and factitious hosts. All hosts were accepted by all Cotesia spp., except M. nigrivenella which was not attacked by Co. chilonis. …

Western Australian Salinity Action Plan, Agriculture Western Australia, Department Of Conservation And Land Management, Department Of Environmental Protection, Water And Rivers Commission

Natural resources published reports

Salinity is one of the State's most critical environmental problems, threatening major economic and social consequences. It is preventable and, in the long term, reversible. Complete elimination is not realistic, but we can dramatically reduce its impact.

Salinity is caused by replacing deep-rooted native plants with shallow-rooted crops and pastures. More rainfall passed below the root zone and accumulates as groundwater so that watertables rise. The groundwater mobilises natural salts in the soil as it rises and carries them towards the surface, eventually degrading land and streams.

Proceedings Of The International Conference On Genetic Improvement Of Sorghum And Pearl Millet, Darrell Rosenow, Gary Peterson, John Mullet, Henry Nguyen, Gebisa Ejeta, John Axtell, David Andrews, Jeff Dahlberg, A. Bruce Maunder, Kay Porter, Mike Gilbert, John Witcombe, John Stenhouse, C. Tom Hash, Kanayo Nwanze, Sam Mukuru, Anand Kumar, Francisco Gomez, Aboubacar Toure, Ouendeba Botorou

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

In 1971, an international symposium, "Sorghum in the Seventies", organized by the All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project with support from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and the Rockefeller Foundation was held in Hyderabad, India. The symposium reviewed the current knowledge base of the scientific, production and nutritional aspects of sorghum as a crop and as a human food. In 1981, ICRISAT, INTSORMIL, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) sponsored "Sorghum in the Eighties", an international symposium at ICRISAT Center in India, to review the achievements accomplished in sorghum research during the preceding 10 years. They reviewed …

Arkansas Rice Research Studies 1995, R. J. Norman, B. R. Wells

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The research reports in this publication represent one year of results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication dealing with soil fertility also appear in Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 1995 , Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series 450. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between the two series and our effort to inform Arkansas rice producers of all the research being conducted with funds from the rice check-off. Use of products and trade names in any of the research reports of this publication …

The Real Cost Of Beef: A Monetary Assessment Of The Environmental Degradation Caused By Beef Production, Carolyn Babcock

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The environmental degradation caused by beef production is severe. The current literature assesses the ecological damage, but falls short of assigning a per pound dollar amount to reflect the real cost of beef. In the United States, most of the environmental focus has been centered around the use of public lands for grazing and the grazing fee the government considers appropriate. The fee covers the maintenance of the grazing program, which includes maintenance of the actual land. This paper will concentrate on beef-related environmental degradation and select specific damage for monetary valuation.

Isolation From Soil Microorganisms That Are Inhibitory To Wheat Seeding Pathogens, Kynita Wilson-Humphrey

McCabe Thesis Collection

Many diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi are responsible for the ruin of a great number of crops annually. At present, many of these crops are being treated for diseases by synthetic or man-made chemicals. Some of the chemicals have been proved to have adverse effects on the environment, including humans and animals. Very few non-chemical means are available to farmers at this time to control these pathogens. This is due to the fact that many of the means of control have little effect against the pathogens or diseases. This research attempts to isolate microorganisms from the soil which …

The Structural Gene Encoding Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Pcfo20 Is Homologous To That For Porcine 987p, Gloria Inés Viboud, Gunhild Jonson, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, Ann-Mari Svennerholm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Putative colonization factor PCFO20 was recently identified in an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain of serogroup O20 isolated from a child with diarrhea in Argentina. The gene encoding the structural subunit of PCFO20 fimbriae, fotA, was cloned from strain ARG-2 in the expression phage vector lambda ZAP Express. One positive clone, pGV29, that carried a 3.3-kb fragment was identified on the basis of fimbrillin production by using a monospecific rabbit anti-PCFO20 serum. Nucleotide sequencing of a 1.3-kb Sau3A-ClaI fragment of the subclone pGV292 containing the region coding for PCFO20 fimbrillin revealed two open reading frames of …

Esperance Region Catchment Planning Strategy, John Platt, Brendan Nicholas, Rod Short, Stephen Gee

Natural resources published reports

The Esperance Region Catchment Planning Strategy project was initiated by the Esperance Land Conservation District Committee.

This report provides a reference document for farmers and other land managers such as government agencies and local government, and should help them to strategically focus their catchment planning activities.

It will help land managers to identify the major catchments and land systems in their area, management issues for long term sustainability, and a regional strategy for catchment planning.

Catchment planning involves both technical and social processes.

Technically it is a process of planning the sustainable use of water resources within a catchment.

Planting Date And Residue Rate Effects On Growth, Partitioning, And Yield Of Corn, Stephan Swanson, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Corn (Zea mays L.) growth has been shown to be affected by planting date and amount of residue on the soil surface. The objective of this study was to determine if the adverse effects of cool soil temperatures on early seedling growth often associated with surface residues can be overcome by planting at later dates. Corn was planted at several planting dates (late April through early June) into soil that had residue applied at rates of 0, 33, 66, and 100% of that produced by the previous crop. In general, spring-applied residue rates had little effect on measured plant …

Bulletin No 4315 - Western Australian Agricultural & Fishery Exports At A Glance...1995/96, Graeme Robertson Dr, P. P. Rogers

Bulletins 4000 -

Second edition (revised and updated) January 1997.

Western Australia's economic growth and high productivity is based on a well established export-oriented economy that relies heavily on primary production.

Our abundant and diverse range of agricultural and fish products is supported by highly innovative and dynamic primary industries. These are backed by modern financial and physical infrastructure.

Western Australia's agricultural industries and fisheries have an international reputation for a professional approach to business and a proven track record in producing and supplying food and fibre products of consistently high quality. Clean air, unpolluted oceans and waterways, and abundant quality farmland are …

Germplasm And Cultivar Development, M. D. Casler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, G. C. Eizenga, S. D. Stratton

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cool-season forage grasses have evolved, and continue to evolve, in natural ecosystems subject to environmental factors both in the presence and absence of human influences. The literature often lacks facts describing the evolution and domestication of forage grasses. Furthermore, the literature on this subject mainly deals with evolution of species in the broad scope, i.e., on a scale of hundreds of thousands or millions or years. Thus, some of our conclusions are necessarily speculative and are highly subject to the nature of the research that has been reported. We describe the forces of selection that act upon cool-season forage grasses …

Comparison Of Daily Water Table Depth Prediction By Four Simulation Models, Eric D. Desmond, Andrew D. Ward, Norman R. Fausey, Stephen R. Workman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model was compared to the water management simulation models DRAINMOD, SWATREN, and PREFLO. SWATREN and PREFLO are one-dimensional finite-difference models while ADAPT and DRAINMOD are one-dimensional mass balance models. ADAPT, an extension of the computer model GLEAMS, also provides chemical transport information. All four models were tested against field data from Aurora, North Carolina. Observed water table depth data were collected during 1973 through 1977 from a water table management field experiment with three subsurface drain spacing treatments of 7.5, 15, and 30 m.

Both the standard error of estimate and the average …

Application Of The Single Kernel Wheat Characterization Technology To Sorghum Grain, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, C. R. Martin, F. C. Felker, J. L. Steele

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A single kernel wheat characterization system (SKWCS) was recently developed by the USDA, ARS Grain Marketing Research Laboratory and is currently being marketed by Perten Instruments North America, Inc. This device has been shown to accurately measure individual seed hardness, moisture, and size of wheat. The objective of this study was to determine if the SKWCS technology could be applied to the measurement of sorghum grain. Grains from 64 sorghum plots grown at Mead, NE in 1992 were characterized using a prototype SKWCS at the USDA, ARS Grain Marketing Research Laboratory. Problems encountered were primarily associated with the single kernel …

Development Of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In Sand Containing Varying Amounts Of Manure Solids And Moisture, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

House flies, Musca domestica L., developed in 200 cm³ of coarse sand containing just 1 ml (0.47%) of dairy manure solids and 10 ml (4.74%) of moisture. At these levels, development was slow (21.5 d from 1st instar to adult), adult survival was low (7.5%), but successful development did occur. At higher manure and moisture levels, rates of development and survival were similar to those reported previously. All soil samples collected from a feedlot dairy contained higher levels of manure solids than the highest level tested in the laboratory. The implications for fly control in soil/manure mixtures and the …

Permethrin-Impregnated Yarn: Longevity Of Efficacy And Potential Use On Cylindrical Fiberglass Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Traps, Jerome Hogsette, Joseph Ruff

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Efficacy of permethrin-impregnated orlon yam against stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was 6-8 wk under simulated field conditions. Numbers of stable flies captured on corrugated cylindrical fiberglass traps painted with an adhesive indicated that these traps are attractive enough to be used in the field with treated yam applied. Reasons for variability of yam impregnation and the use of yam on cylinder traps are discussed.

Imidazolinone Herbicides Improve Restoration Of Great Plains Grasslands, Robert A. Masters, Scott Nissen, Roch E. Gaussoin, Daniel Beran, Robert Stougaard

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The productivity and native species diversity of Great Plains grasslands have been substantially reduced by past management that facilitated the establishment of invasive exotic weeds and displacement of native species. Management strategies are needed to rapidly restore the productive capacity and biological diversity of these degraded grasslands. Critically important phases of the grassland restoration process are the reintroduction and establishment of native species. Weed interference is the primary constraint to successful establishment of native plants. The goal of our research is to develop strategies that use multiple technologies, including herbicides, to expedite grassland revegetation with native grasses and forbs. Imidazolinon …

Annual Forages: New Approaches For C-4 Forages, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The current agricultural paradigm in the U.S. is heavily biased towards the production and marketing of crops as commodities. This paradigm is kept in place by grain handling and marketing infrastructure, as well as government farm programs, designed for crops as commodities. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain certainly fit into this current paradigm.

A new approach to agricultural production and marketing, identity preserved products, is gaining in importance. This is made possible through new technologies and markets demanding products designed specifically for their needs. Examples of investment in identity preserved …

Breeding Sorghum And Pearl Millet For Forage And Fuel, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] are unique species in their ability to be used in many forage llivestock system roles. Such flexibility has made prioritizing breeding objectives difficult and has even contributed to contradictory opinions on appropriate forage breeding objectives. Few breeding projects identified in the USDA-ARS, USDA-CREES, or at ICRISAT had forage sorghum or forage pearl millet as their sole research assignment. In the United States, it can be argued that breeding resources committed to forage sorghum improvement are probably declining. A new forage sorghum and forage pearl millet …

Media Effects On Phenotype Of Callus Cultures Initiated From Photoperiod-Insensitive, Elite Inbred Sorghum Lines, H. F. Kaeppler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a crop of worldwide agronomic importance. Routine production of high quality (friable, embryogenic, fast growing) callus cultures is fundamental to tissue culture based genetic study and improvement of sorghum. Genotype by culture medium interactions for sorghum callus growth and morphology have been previously reported. The objective of this study was to identify tissue culture media that would support high quality callus growth across photoperiod insensitive, relatively elite genotypes. Explants from immature inflorescences of 11 sorghum genotypes were cultured on 6 tissue culture media of differing composition. After 3 and 5 months in culture, calli …

Semiochemistry Of Cabbage Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Eurydema And Murgada, Jeffrey R. Aldrich, James W. Avery, Chang-Joo Lee, Jennifer C. Graf, Dawn J. Harrison, Ferdinando Bin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (the harlequin bug), and two related European species, Eurydema ventrale L. and E. oleraceum L., was investigated.

Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) Genotype Affects Gall Midge (Spurgia Esulae) Establishment, Rodney G. Lym, Scott Nissen, Martha Rowe, Donald J. Lee, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Greenhouse cage studies were conducted to determine the influence of shoot morphology and genetic variation on establishment of Spurgia sulae gall midge on seven leafy spurge genotypes. The genotypes were collected from South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Austria. Genotypes from South Dakota and Nebraska were most susceptible to gall formation and had the highest larvae survival, while the genotypes from Montana and Manitoba were most resistant. Morphological characteristics of the leafy spurge stem tips, such as stem diameter leaf, length, width, and area did not correlate with gall formation or larvae survival. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment …

Arkansas Rice Research Studies 1994, B. R. Wells

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The research reports in this publication represent one year of results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for longterm recommendations. Several research reports in this publication dealing with soil fertility also appear in Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 1994, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series 443. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between the two series and our effort to inform Arkansas rice producers of all the research being conducted with funds from the rice check-off.

Is Sustainable Agriculture Possible In The Arid West?: The Example Of The Ogallala Aquifer, John Opie

Sustainable Use of the West's Water (Summer Conference, June 12-14)

16 pages.

Contains 2 pages of references.

Buntine-West Wubin And West Maya Catchment Management Report, William Oldfield, Natalie Hunt

Natural resources published reports

Buntine West/Wubin land Conservation District was formed when a number of landholders wanted to extend and join on to some existing deep drains. At first the group concentrated on the deep drains with some farmers joining on anda project to connect the drains up througha naturally occurring saline area and to run the main drain into a salt lake system. Funding was attained for 50% of the project and farmers with drains paid for the rest. It was considered unfair for landowners whose land this drain went through to pay all the cost as it was not draining arable land. …

Intsormil Annual Report 1994, John M. Yohe, Joan Frederick, Dorothy Stoner

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

USAID conducted an overall evaluation of the Collaborative Research Support Programs (CRSPs), including lNTSORMIL, between May and July 1994. According to the "CRSP Evaluation Scope of Work" developed by USAID, the goal of this evaluation was to provide an objective assessment of the degree to which each of the CRSPs has had an impact on increasing agricultural production and development, and improving natural resource management through the development and dissemination of new and/or more appropriate sustainable agriculture technologies. The evaluation also assessed the extent to which the CRSP framework has responded to past Agency expectations and objectives and if the …