Digital Commons Network^™

Local Action Of Trophoblast Interferons In Suppression Of The Development Of Oxytocin And Oestradiol Receptors In Ovine Endometrium, G. E. Lamming, D. C. Wathes, A. P. F. Flint, J. H. Payne, K. R. Stevenson, J. L. Vallet

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Luteolysis in sheep is associated with uterine secretion of pulses of prostaglandin F_2α(PGF_2α) due to the action of luteal oxytocin on endometrial oxytocin receptors. For pregnancy to become established inhibition of oxytocin receptors is important as an antiluteolytic mechanism. The maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle and sheep involves production, by the trophoblast, of a type 1 interferon (IFN-τ)that suppresses uterine development of oxytocin receptors and the generation of luteolytic episodes of PGF_2α. The action of IFN-τ in surgically prepared unilaterally pregnant ewes was investigated. Finn-Dorset ewes were anaesthetized on day 6 or 7 …

An Automated Plot Harvest System For Use With A Commercial Forage Harvester, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Kenneth J. Moore

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This automated harvest system is based on minimal modification of currently available commercial forage harvesters. Using 6.8 m plots separated by 0.75 m alleys, a single operator can harvest, finely chop, and collect wet plot weights of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] or pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Hr.] in <1 min per plot. Harvested material is deposited in a pile in the center of each plot. Subsamples for moisture and quality analysis can easily and safely be obtained from the pile.

Brown· Midrib Sorghum Silage For Midlactation Dairy Cows, R. J. Grant, S. G. Haddad, K. J. Moore, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Brown midrib sorghum silage was compared with alfalfa, corn, and normal sorghum silages for its effect on performance, ruminal metabolism, and digestive kinetics of Holstein dairy cows in midlactation. Twelve cows averaging 90 ± 5 DIM were assigned to one of four diets in replicated 4 X 4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods. Additionally, 3 ruminally fistulated cows (95 ± 20 DIM) were assigned to the same diets in a 3x 4 Youden square for measurement of ruminal characteristics. Diets were fed as isonitrogenous TMR that contained 65% silage (OM basis). The DMl was greater for the corn and brown …

Land Management Report For The Kent River Catchment, Sue Kelly

Natural resources published reports

The Kent River Catchment is located in the South-West of Western Australia, approximately between latitudes 34° 15' and 35° 10' South and longitudes 116° 45" and 117° 50° East. The north-eastern boundary of the catchment stretches to the Albany Highway at Tenterden, and from there the catchment curves towards Rocky Gully before continuing to the South Coast (Figure 1.1.1). The catchment is located within the Shires of Cranbrook, Plantagenet and Denmark.

The Kent River Catchment is part of Basin 604, which is the Water Authority descriptor for the Kent, Bow and Kordabup River catchments collectively. Basin 604 has a total …

In Vitro Starch Disappearance Procedure Modifications, C. J. Richards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. A. Britton, R. A. Stock, C. R. Krehbiel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Four in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios,

grinder type, grind size, and diet of ruminal fluid donor on in vitro starch disappearance. Experiment 1 examined rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination obtained by linear regression of starch disappearance using five grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolur (L.) Moench) lines, a corn (Zeu muys L.) control, and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) control. Grains were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h with inoculum varying in proportion of ruminal fluid and artificial saliva ( l:l, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). In …

Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis Gen. Nov. Et Sp. Nov. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) From Muskoxen, Ovibos Moschafus, In The Central Canadian Arctic, With Comments On Biology And Biogeography, Eric P. Hoberg, Lydden Polley, A. Gunn, J. S. Nishi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystocaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include …

Endocrinology Of The Avian Reproductive System, Mary Ann Ottinger, Murray R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the avian reproductive system. Attention is given to the neuroendocrine regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary gland hormones as well as the target tissues regulated by these hormones. Emphasis is placed on the dynamics of the system and the effects of alterations resulting from environmental and other influences on the function of the reproductive system. The ovulatory cycle, oviduct, and shell gland are discussed relative to egg formation and the hormonal regulation of this process. Testicular function and the cellular bases for spermatogenesis and steroid production are also discussed.

Genetic And Phenotypic (Co)Variances For Growth And Carcass Traits Of Purebred And Composite Populations Of Beef Cattle, K. E. Gregory, L. V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Least squares means, genetic (σ_g), and phenotypic (σ_p) standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated on an age-constant basis for growth, carcass, and meat traits of castrate males from 12 breed groups combined, for 9 purebreds combined, and for the F3 generation of three composite populations combined to which the nine purebreds contributed. Also, heritabilities ( h²) and genetic ( r_g) and phenotypic ( r_p) correlations were estimated among growth, carcass, and meat traits for all breed groups combined involving 1,594 individuals that were the progeny of …

Effect Of Semen Storage On The Number Of Spermatozoa In The Perivitelline Layer Of Laid Turkey Eggs, A. M. Donoghue, M. R. Bakst, D. R. Holsberger, D. J. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A progressive decline in fertility over the course of egg production may be observed when turkey hens are inseminated weekly with semen stored for 24 h. In vitro storage of spermatozoa before insemination results in lower fertilization, possibly because fewer spermatozoa survive selection and storage in the hen's sperm storage tubules in vivo; alternatively, stored spermatozoa may be as capable of reaching the egg as are fresh spermatozoa, but unable to penetrate and fertilize the egg normally. The objective of this study was to determine whether this decline in fertility is a result of fewer spermatozoa reaching the egg …

Quantitative Mass Production Of Hydrotaea Aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae), Jerome Hogsette, Frank Washington

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A covered oviposition device was developed that allows collection of large numbers of Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) (formerly Ophyra aenescens) eggs. Eggs can be measured and known numbers added to larval rearing medium so this beneficial fly can be reared quantitatively for the first time. With the use of quantitative rearing techniques and a new diet consisting of 5 parts Gainesville house fly diet and 1 part meat and bone meal, H. aenescens can be mass-reared easily for biological control studies.

Adaptation Of Lentil In Western Australia: Germplasm Evaluation In 1994, A. Sarker, K. H.M. Siddique, S P. Loss, Co-Operative Research Centre For Legumes In Mediterranean Agriculture, Department Of Agriculture Western Australia

Grain and other field crops published reports

Lentil is one of the grain legumes with potential for inclusion into Australian farming systems on fine textured, neutral to alkaline soils. It is an important protein source for the large populations of the Indian sub-continent and elsewhere, and the export market potential is excellent. Old Canadian varieties grown on a small scale in Victoria (Laird and Callisto) are poorly adapted to short season WA environments, A number of varieties have recently been selected from ICARDA material and released in Victoria and SA (Digger, Cobber, Matilda and Aldinga), and these have adequate adaptation to commence a lentil industry in WA. …

Grain Legume And Canola Autumn Updates 1995, David Williams

Grain and other field crops published reports

Grain legumes

- Chickpea

- Field pea

- Lentil

- Faba beans

Canola essentials:

Site selection -Paddock selection is critical for a successful canola crop. Avoid paddocks with waterlogging, wind erosion and broadleaf weeds - particularly wild radish, turnip, mustard and doublegees.

Soil type - Canela grows well on most soil types, however it prefers well drained gravel soils, red loams, sandy _loams and deeper duplex soils. Soil pH levels (in CaCl_²) of 4.5 to 8.0 are suitable. Soil test paddock for pH, phosphorus, and potassium levels.

Rotation - Grow canola after manipulated pasture, lupins or other grain …

Msda A Machinery Selection Decision Aid For Stubble Management Practices, Linda Leonard, Andrew Green

Grain and other field crops published reports

MSDA is a user friendly program developed to help farmers predict stubble outcomes before acting on their management practice. This manual is an accompaniment to a computer program designed on Micorsoft Excel-macros. Its aim is to help farmers assess their current machinery and stubble handling ability and view options that may be adopted as best practice for their properties.

The program is designed with the complete season in mind. Information is gathered on the full complement of machinery used from harvest through to seeding, to allow farmers to see all choices available and enable them to choose the best system …

Bulletin 4283 - Nitrogen Fertilisers For Cereal Production, M. G. Mason

Bulletins 4000 -

Because fertiliser prices are high, it is important to understand what affects the response to fertilisers by crops.

Among the many factors influencing crop response to nitrogen applications, the most important are the season, soil type, paddock history, time of application and source of nitrogen. Before deciding whether to use nitrogen on a cereal crop, which source to use and at what rate, you need some understanding of how these factors work.

Greatest responses to nitrogen fertilisers can be expected in areas with a relatively long growing season. In such areas light soils with a low nitrogen status give the …

Delaying The Development Of Herbicide Resistant Ryegrass By Using Alternative Weed Control Strategies, A. J. Diggle, G. S. Gill, J. E. Holmes

Biosecurity published reports

Alternative strategies to control ryegrass in wheat lupin rotations are worth approximately 15 dollars per hectare for each 50% reduction achieved in plant or seed numbers. This figure has been calculated for circumstances similar to those found at Wongan Hills, and it holds in all cases where ryegrass is still under control using standard herbicides.

Farmers should adopt any ryegrass strategy in addition to that normally practised, so long as the cost to control ratio is less than $15/ha/50% kill. This applies even where good control is being achieved using grass selective herbicides, regardless of the number of previous applications …

Growing Lettuce, Margaret Graham

Horticulture published reports

The commonly cultivated lettuce, Lactuca sativa, is an annual belonging to the sunflower family. It has been cultivated for over 2500 years, and is a popular salad vegetable.

There are three main subspecies commonly grown.

• IL. sativa ssp capitata - Head type - Crisphead is a lettuce with a firm head and brittle leaves. It is the major lettuce type grown in Australia and is also known as iceberg lettuce. - Butterhead (buttercrunch, mignonette) lettuce has soft, pale leaves and a delicate buttery flavour. It is of major importance in Europe, where it is grown as a greenhouse crop.
• L. …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of The Murchison River Catchment, Western Australia, Peter James Curry, A L. Payne, K A. Leighton, P Hennig, D A. Blood

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of the Murchison River catchment and surrounds, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture between 1985 and 1988, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed by field work during 1985-88 …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The North-Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia, H J. Pringle, S A. Gilligan, A M E Van Vreeswyk

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of the north-eastern Goldfields, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1988 and 1990, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed covers about 100 …

Gascoyne Research Station Field Day, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Horticulture research reports

Gascoyne Research Station Centenary Open Day Thursday 13 October 1994

100 years (1894-1994) Advancing Agriculture

Welcome to the 1994 Field Day at Gascoyne Research Station. At this day you'll have the opportunity to view and hear discussions of some of the latest Research and Development initiatives in horticulture in the region. We will commence activities at the Packing Shed at 3:00 p.m. with introductions and short discussions of new work which is currently in progress. This will be followed by field talks at the trial sites, as listed in this brochure. We are also pleased to include presentations by leaders …

A Field Study Of The Predatory Mite Metaseiulus Occidentalis Overwintering In Apple Orchards In The South West Of Western Australia, K. J. Lacey

Horticulture published reports

The twospotted mite (Tetranychus urticae) is one of the major pests of horticultural crops in Australia, and can cause severe damage in deciduous tree fruit crops such as apples, pears and peaches if left unchecked (Seymour 1982).

This study was conducted to determine whether the predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis, once introduced into orchards in the south west of Western Australia, could survive through the winter period and repopulate the orchard the following season. Two orchards in the Manjimup region where M. occidentalis had been released in the early summer of 1990/91, were selected for the study.

On-tree shelters were placed …

Research And Extension Needs For Integrated Pest Management For Arthropods Of Veterinary Importance, Christopher J. Geden, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In April, 1994, a workshop was held in Lincoln, Nebraska, to update the IPM document that resulted from a similar workshop in Manhattan, Kansas, in 1979 (Anonymous 1979). The workshop was initiated by Dr. Ralph A. Bram, USDA National Program Leader, and organized by Drs. Gustav D. Thomas, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, and John B. Campbell, University of Nebraska, North Platte. Participants were charged with assessing the current status of IPM programs for pests of veterinary importance, identifying needs for program improvements, and recommending future research and extension priorities. Participants, invited from federal and state government research and extension organizations, and the …

Response Of Leafy Spurge To Date Of Burning, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The research was conducted on remnant tallgrass prairie located in Lancaster County, Nebraska in 1990. Plots (5 by 10-m) were not burned or burned on either April 23, May 2, May 14, or May 26, 1990. Leafy spurge stem density and yield and yield of associated herbaceous vegetation were determined in July 1990 to assess response of the grassland community to prescribed burning treatments. Burning in late April through mid-May stimulated leafy spurge stem production. Density of leafy spurge stems in plots burned by mid-May significantly exceeded (P<0.04) the stem density in plots burned at the end of May. Leafy spurge stem density in plots burned the first week in May averaged 84 stems m^-2 as compared to only 27 stems m^-2 in plots burned …

Colony Isolation And Secondary Culture Of Fetal Porcine Hepatocytes On Sto Feeder Cells, Neil C. Talbot, Vernon G. Pursel, Caird E. Rexroad Jr., Thomas J. Caperna, Anne M. Powell, Roger T. Stone

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The secondary culture of non-transformed parenchymal hepatocytes has not been possible. STO feeder cell-dependent secondary cultures of fetal pig hepatocytes were established by colony isolation from primary cultures of 26-d fetal livers. The liver cells had the typical polygonal morphology of parenchymal hepatocytes. They also spontaneously differentiated to form small biliary canaliculi between individual cells or progressed further to large multicellular duct-like structures or cells undergoing gross lipid accumulation and secretion. The secondary hepatocyte cultures expressed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and β-fibrinogen mRNA, and conditioned medium from the cells contained elevated levels of transferrin and albumin. STO feeder cell co-culture may …

Effect Of The Conceptus And Lack Of Effect Of Uterine Space On Endometrial Protein Secretion During Mid-Gestation In Swine, Jeffrey Vallet, Harold Klemcke, Ronald Christenson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effect of the conceptus and of reduced uterine space on endometrial protein secretion was examined on Days 40, 60, and 80 of gestation in white crossbred gilts. Twenty-nine gilts were checked daily for estrus, and 15 were given 5 mg estradiol valerate daily from Days 11 to 15 (Day 0 = day of estrus) of the estrous cycle to induce pseudopregnancy. The remaining 14 pigs were mated during estrus. All pigs were laparotomized on Day 4, and one uterine horn was ligated to produce one crowded and one roomy uterine environment. Pigs were killed on Days 40, 60, and …

Purification Of The Major Soybean Leaf Acid Phosphatase That 1s Increased By Seed-Pod Removal, Paul E. Staswick, Chuck Papa, Jing-Feng Huang, Yoon Rhee

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fruit removal for 5 weeks after flowering increased acid phosphatase activity 10-fold in soybean (Glycine max 1. Merr. vai Hobbit) leaves compared with normal seed-pod-bearing plants. The major acid phosphatase activity in leaves was purified over 2700-fold, yielding a single polypeptide of 51 kD with a specific activity of 1353 units/mg protein using p-nitrophenylphosphate as the substrate. lsoelectric focusing demonstrated that the purified protein co-migrated with a majority of the activity that increased in leaves following seed-pod removal. lmmunoblot analysis demonstrated that at least part of the increased activity was dueto an increased abundance of the phosphatase protein. In situ …

Cdna Sequence For The Ribulose 1,5 Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Complex Protein A Protein That Accumulates In Soybean Leaves In Response To Fruit Removal, Paul E. Staswick, Steven J. Crafts-Brandner

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean (Glycine max L.) transiently accumulates two abundant vegetative storage proteins, VSP A and VSP B, in vacuoles of above-ground vegetative tissues (Wittenbach, 1983; Staswick, 1990). As older leaves and stems become a source of exported metabolites for developing sinks, the VSPs are preferentially degraded and the resulting metabolites are presumably mobilized in the xylem and phloem stream. A striking feature of these proteins is that VSP gene expression is dramatically increased in mature leaves following the remova1 of reproductive sinks (seed pods) and the amount of these proteins increases accordingly (for review, see Staswick, 1994). Other changes …

Models To Predict Yield Loss Due To Weeds In Rice Ecosystems, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Yield loss models have been developed and evaluated for irrigated rice ecosystems with respect to effects of Echinochloa crusgalli. Simple regression models that give the relation between yield loss and weed density or relative leaf area are discussed with respect to their practical value in weed management in rice. More complex eco-physiological process models have been developed and used for rice ecosystems as well. Such models can be useful as a tool in research, whereas more simple approaches are needed for practical application in weed management.

Fate Of Fluorescent Stained Sperm Following Insemination: New Light On Oviducal Sperm Transport And Storage In The Turkey, Murray R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A novel approach was used to evaluate the distribution of sperm in the oviduct of turkey hens inseminated before or after the onset of egg production. Prior to insemination, sperm were stained with the nuclear fluorescent stain bisbenzimide. Sperm distribution in the sperm storage tubules (SST) of the uterovaginal junction and the infundibular tubular glands was determined by use of simultaneous differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopy. In hens inseminated and examined prior to the onset of egg production, 94% of the SST contained sperm (21% were filled). In contrast, in hens inseminated initially before the onset of egg …

A Continuous Culture Of Pluripotent Fetal Hepatocytes Derived From The 8-Day Epiblast Of The Pig, Neil C. Talbot, Caird E. Rexroad Jr., Anne M. Powell, Vernon G. Pursel, Thomas J. Caperna, Sherry L. Ogg, Neil D. Nel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Continuous cultures of pluripotent prenchymal hepatocytes were derived from the epiblasts of 8-day-old pig blastocytes. The cells were polygonal and had phase-contrast dark, granular cytoplasm with prominent nuclei and nucleoli. These feeder-dependent cell cultures differentiated into large, multicellular, secretory, duct-like structures or formed small canaliculi between individual cells. Alternatively, the cells accumulated droplets that stained intensely with Oil Red O, a lipid-specific stain. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and β-fibrinogen mRNAs were expressed as the cells differentiated in culture. Serum-free medium that was conditioned by the cells contained transferrin, AFP, and albumin. The growth and viability of the cells were inhibited by …

Distribution And Sampling Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) In Maize And Sorghum On The Kenya Coast, W. A. Overholt, K. Ogedah, P. M. Lammers

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The seasonal occurrence and spatial distribution of the crambine stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were investigated in maize, Zea mays, and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, fields at the Kenya coast. During the vegetative growth stage, small-sized larvae were typically found behind leaf sheaths and in whorls in maize and sorghum. In reproductive and senescent maize, small-sized larvae were also found feeding in ears. Later immature life stages were located predominantly in stems in sorghum, and in the stems and ears in maize. Density and variance estimates of small, medium-, and large-sized larvae and pupae in maize and sorghum were fitted to …