Digital Commons Network^™

Letter From Jeffrey A. Porter, Cpa, Chair, Aicpa Tax Exective Committee, To Daniel Werfel, Acting Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service, Re: Revenue Ruling 99-6 Related To The Conversion Of Partnerships To Disregarded Entities., Jeffrey A. Porter, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Tax Executive Committee

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

How Background And Text Colors Affect Consumers Perceptions Of Trust In An Ecommerce Environment, Greg Moody, Dr. Paul Benjamin Lowry

Journal of Undergraduate Research

As e-business grows, it becomes imperative that businesses create usable, aesthetically pleasing websites to increase user satisfaction and transactions. Several disciplines have researched the effects of color on people, but only limited research has examined the effects of color use in websites. This paper provides direction for researchers and practitioners in designing websites that correctly implement color. First, we review color research from the disciplines of physiology, psychology, marketing, and sociology. Next, we discuss some of the current practitioner guidelines for website color use and then integrate existing theoretical color research into a theoretical model for use in guiding future …

Predicting Managers’ Propensity To Issue Earnings Forecasts, Bryan Garden, Dr. Ted Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In addition to mandatory disclosures such as SEC filings, managers have the option of disclosing information voluntarily to the public. Press releases and conference calls are two ways managers often reveal information to the market, and one of the most important disclosures made through these venues is the forecast of future earnings. Prior research has found that investors rely on information received from management earnings forecasts (MEFs). Since managers are involved in the day-to-day activities of their companies, they have access to important “insider information.” As a result, investors rely heavily on this information in forming expectations about the company. …

Should Religious Organizations Worry About Irs Audits?, Sarah J. Webber, Janet S. Greenlee

Accounting Faculty Publications

A great deal of media attention has focused on recent perceived financial abuses of churches and religious organizations. Cases of fraud within religious organizations have fueled the public perception that churches require some form of monitoring to prevent financial abuse. However, the IRS has limited authority to audit religious organizations under section 7611, and the results of such audits are generally unavailable to the public.

Through a Freedom of Information Act request, we obtained the outcomes of all section 7611 IRS audits of religious organizations conducted between 2001 and 2010. We found that although the number of both churches and …

Family Ownership And Ceo Turnovers, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Zhonglan Dai

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper investigates the impact of the founding family’s presence on CEO turnover decisions. We find that family firms managed by CEOs outside the founding family (i.e., professional CEO family firms) have higher CEO turnover-performance sensitivity than family firms managed by family members (i.e., family CEO firms) or non-family firms. These results are robust to alternative performance measures and CEO turnover definitions. Additional analyses indicate that higher family ownership leads to even higher (lower) turnover-performance sensitivity in professional CEO family firms (family CEO firms). These results indicate that, with regard to CEO turnover decisions, better monitoring of CEOs by family …

Ias 39 Reclassification Choice And Analyst Earnings Forecast Properties, Chee Yeow Lim, Chu Yeong Lim, Gerald J. Lobo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

In October 2008, the International Accounting Standards Board amended IAS 39 to allow banks to retroactively reclassify financial assets that previously were measured at fair value to amortized cost. By reclassifying financial assets, a bank can potentially avoid recognizing the unrealized fair value losses and thereby increase its income and regulatory capital during a market downturn. We examine the implications of the reclassification decision by banks for the properties of financial analyst earnings forecasts during 2008–2009, when economic conditions were highly volatile. We find that the reclassification choice during the financial crisis reduced analyst forecast accuracy and increased forecast dispersion. …

Managerial Incentives And Management Forecast Precision, Qiang Cheng, Ting Luo, Heng Yue

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Managers have great discretion in determining forecast characteristics, but little is known about how managerial incentives affect these characteristics. This paper examines whether managers strategically choose forecast precision for self-serving purposes. Building on the prior finding that the market reaction to vague forecasts is weaker than its reaction to precise forecasts, we find that for management forecasts disclosed before insider sales, more positive (negative) news forecasts are more (less) precise than other management forecasts. The opposite applies to management forecasts disclosed before insider purchases. These results are consistent with managers strategically choosing forecast precision to increase stock prices before insider …

Managerial Incentives And Management Forecast Precision, Qiang Cheng, Ting Luo, Heng Yue

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Managers have great discretion in determining forecast characteristics, butlittle is known about how managerial incentives affect these characteristics. This paperexamines whether managers strategically choose forecast precision for self-servingpurposes. Building on the prior finding that the market reaction to vague forecasts isweaker than its reaction to precise forecasts, we find that for management forecastsdisclosed before insider sales, more positive (negative) news forecasts are more (less)precise than other management forecasts. The opposite applies to managementforecasts disclosed before insider purchases. These results are consistent withmanagers strategically choosing forecast precision to increase stock prices beforeinsider sales and to decrease stock prices before insider purchases. …

Checklists And Illustrative Financial Statements For Corporations, September 30, 2013, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants (Aicpa)

Industry Guides (AAGs), Risk Alerts, and Checklists

No abstract provided.

Performing Agreed-Upon Procedures Engagements That Address The Completeness, Mapping, Consistency, Or Structure Of Xbrl-Formatted Information; Statement Of Position, 13-2, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Xbrl Assurance Task Force

Exposure Drafts, Comment Letters, and Statements of Position

No abstract provided.

Proposed Statement On Standards For Attestation Engagements, Attestation Standards: Clarification And Recodification, July 24, 2013,Comments Are Requested By October 24, 2013; Exposure Draft (American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants), 2013 July 24, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Exposure Drafts, Comment Letters, and Statements of Position

No abstract provided.

Stock Price Reactions To Announcements Of U.S. Gaap/Ifrs Convergence, Lorien Stice, Dr. Ted Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This research investigates investors’ perceptions of the expected impact of adopting international accounting standards on U.S. companies. Since these rules differ from current U.S. standards, some speculate that the costs to convert companies’ reporting systems to conform to international standards will have significantly negative effects on their profitability. My project explores stock price reactions to SEC announcements which indicate an increased or decreased probability that U.S. firms will soon be required to switch to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). I hypothesize that expected conversion costs will be higher for companies that are not already operating in foreign countries because more …

Social Norms And Internal Controls: When Tone From The Bottom Matters, Jeffrey Pickerd, Dr. Scott Summers

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The control environment–the actions, policies, and beliefs of an organization–is an important part of the COSO Framework and helps to encourage individuals to follow internal controls. Current accounting literature has extensively examined the influence of the CEOs and other top executives and their ability to influence the control environment to create a culture of compliance with internal controls. However, no research has been to done to see whether or not peers and colleagues influence the control environment.

Non-Audit Fees, Institutional Monitoring, And Audit Quality, Chee Yeow Lim, David K. Ding, Charlie Charoenwong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We posit that the effect of non-audit fees on audit quality is conditional on the extent of institutional monitoring. We suggest that institutional investors have incentives and the ability to monitor financial reporting quality. Because of the reputation concerns and potential litigation exposure, auditors are likely to provide high audit quality, when they also provide non-audit services to clients, particularly when clients are subject to high institutional monitoring. We find evidence that, as non-audit fees increase, audit quality (measured by performance-adjusted discretionary current accruals and earnings-response coefficients) reduces only for clients with low institutional ownership but not for clients with …

Visual Representation Of Accounting Standards, Pearl Hock Neo Tan, Chu Yeong Lim

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

No abstract provided.

Making Accounting Productive, Themin Suwardy

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

No abstract provided.

Do Changes In The Sg&A Ratio Provide Information About Changes In Future Earnings, Analyst Forecast Revisions, And Stock Returns?, Eugene Scott Johnson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In fundamental analysis, increases in the ratio of selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs to sales (SG&A ratio) are viewed as negative signals about future firm performance. However, this interpretation focuses on the overall change in the SG&A ratio and ignores the underlying changes in the components of the ratio. For example, prior literature finds that the interpretation offered by fundamental analysis does not hold during periods of decreasing sales. I contend that a further partitioning of the full sample into subsamples representing all possible combinations of changes in the components of the SG&A ratio, and the ratio itself, will …

Does A Lack Of Choice Lead To Lower Quality?: Evidence From Auditor Competition And Client Restatements, Nathan J. Newton, Dechun Wang, Michael S. Wilkins

School of Business Faculty Research

We examine the relationship between auditor competition and the likelihood of financial restatements that occur as a result of failures in the application of GAAP. Policy makers and audit market participants have expressed concern that the current level of auditor competition is low, resulting in a negative impact on audit quality. However, we find that restatements are more likely to occur in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that have higher auditor competition. The association between audit market competition and restatements is statistically and economically significant. Our finding that audit quality is higher when auditor competition is lower suggests that at least …

The Determinants And Consequences Of Ceo Cheap Stock In Ipos, Michael Dennis Stuart

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The term "cheap stock" describes undervalued stock options granted to CEOs and other key employees prior to initial public offerings (IPOs). Pre-IPO firms have incentives to issue cheap stock as compensation because it results in lower compensation expense on the income statement and in large cash windfalls to CEOs subsequent to the IPO. Because cheap stock results in an overstatement of earnings, the Securities and Exchange Commission frequently challenges the valuations of these grants, which makes cheap stock a key accounting issue in many IPOs. Using a sample of firms that completed IPOs between 2004 and 2007, I investigate the …

Assessing Revenue Managers' Level Of Trust In Information Systems: An Exploratory Study Of Las Vegas Casino Resorts, Landon Taylor Shores

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examined revenue managers' level of trust in their revenue management system (RMS) at Las Vegas casino resorts. The study utilized an e-mail interview to measure revenue managers' attitudes about their RMS's degree of reliability and dependability, the degree to which they trust their RMS's pricing recommendations, and if a revenue manager's level of trust in technology had any effect on their likelihood of trusting their RMS.

The study invited 11 property and corporate revenue managers from Las Vegas casino resorts to participate in an e-mail interview, with nine revenue managers agreeing to participate. The main findings of the …

Ethics Readiness: An Analysis Of Community College Students' Moral Sensitivity Scores, Julie Wallace

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In this retrospective causal-comparative study, the readiness of Virginia community college students to receive an accounting ethics curriculum was analyzed by measuring and comparing their moral sensitivity scores to the moral sensitivity scores of a group of four year university students. A sample of college students attending community college principles of accounting courses and a sample of college students attending four year university principles of accounting courses were administered a nationally recognized moral sensitivity survey instrument, the Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT2). The survey results were analyzed using a t-test for differences between means. It was found that there was …

Does Analyst Experience Affect Their Understanding Of Non-Financial Information? An Analysis Of The Relation Between Patent Information And Analyst Forecast Errors, Taiwhun Taylor Joo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study examines whether analyst experience affects the relation between patent information and analyst forecast errors. U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles require that firms expense all in-house research and development (R&D) costs. This means that even when R&D activities produce intangible assets with future economic benefits, firms cannot capitalize R&D costs as assets. Consequently, financial statements are largely deficient in the information they provide regarding the output of R&D activities. However, patent information is one type of non-financial information about R&D output that is publicly available.

Using updated patent data, I confirm the results of prior studies that find a …

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, July 30-August 1, 2013, Chicago, Il; Highlights (Asb) Meeting, July 30-August 1, 2013, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

Trust Services Principles And Criteria, (To Supersede The 2009 Version Of Trust Services Principles, Criteria, And Illustrations For Security, Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, And Privacy [Aicpa, Technical Practice Aids, Tsp Sec. 100]), July 30, 2013, Comments Are Requested By September 30, 2013; Exposure Draft (American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants), 2013, July 30, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Assurance Services Executive Committee

Exposure Drafts, Comment Letters, and Statements of Position

No abstract provided.

Letter From Jeffrey A. Porter, Cpa, Chair, Aicpa Tax Executive Committee, To Max Baucus, Chairman, And Orrin G. Hatch, Ranking Member, Senate Committee On Finance, Re: Next Steps On Tax Reform., Jeffrey A. Porter, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Tax Executive Committee

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

Letter From Jeffrey A. Porter, Cpa, Chair, Aicpa Tax Executive Committee, To Dave Camp, Chairman, And Sander M. Levin, Ranking Member, House Committee On Ways & Means; And Aaron Schock, United States House Of Representatives, Re: H.R. 2253 And S. 1090, Higher Education And Skills Obtainment Act: Aicpa Recommendations For Further Simplification Of Higher Education Tax Incentives., Jeffrey A. Porter, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Tax Executive Committee

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

Proposed Statement On Standards For Attestation Engagements, Attestation Standards: Clarification And Recodification (To Supersede At Section 20, Defining Professional Requirements In Statements On Standards For Attestation Engagements; At Section 50, Ssae Hierarchy; At Section 101, Attest Engagements; And At Section 201, Agreed-Upon Procedures Engagements, Of Statements On Standards For Attestation Engagements [Aicpa, Professional Standards],) July 24, 2013, Comments Are Requested By October 24, 2013; Exposure Draft (American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants), 2013, July 24, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Exposure Drafts, Comment Letters, and Statements of Position

No abstract provided.

Letter From Mary M. Foelster, Cpa, Director, Governmental Auditing And Accounting, To Gilbert Tran, Office Of Federal Financial Management, Office Of Management And Budget, Re: Proposed Revisions To The Data Collection Form (Sf-Sac Or The Form) And Related Form Instructions., Mary M. Foelster, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Governmental Audit Quality Center Executive Committee

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of Managers’ Resource Allocation Dilemma In A Fixed Ca Pacity Situation, Michael Levin

Business, Accounting and Economics Faculty Scholarship

Managers of museums, repertory theaters, sports leagues, and symphony orchestras invest resources in order to optimize attendance over a season. They must choose between investing resources evenly across a balanced portfolio of offerings or disproportionately concentrating resources on a few more desirable offerings at the expense of the rest of the portfolio. The better strategy is not always apparent. The authors investigate this research question in non–major league sports leagues using the Gini coefficient, a measure of equality/balance adapted from the field of economics. The spread of team success in a league, based on winning percentages and represented by the …

The Nexus Between Bank Credit Development And Economic Growth In Indonesia, Arisyi Fariza Raz

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The issue about the causal relationship between economic growth and credit market development is very important, particularly in a big emerging economy such as Indonesia, which has implemented various financial reforms following East Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. Efficient credit allocation in the banking sector will distribute the credit to the productive sector and, thus, promote economic growth. Meanwhile, development in the business sector will also increase demand for credit, encouraging credit market development. Given this rationale, this study aims at finding the significance of the linkage between economic growth and credit market development in Indonesia by investigating their long-run …