Time To Re-Evaluate Taniguchi Jiro's Pace In Manga,
2021
Portland State University
Time To Re-Evaluate Taniguchi Jiro's Pace In Manga, Natsume Fusanosuke, Jon Holt, Teppei Fukuda
World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations
Natsume Fusanosuke is Emeritus Professor of the Graduate Program of Cultural Studies in Corporeal and Visual Representation, Gakushūin University. Despite his recent retirement from Gakushūin in March, he is still very active in manga criticism and scholarship. Originally a manga artist himself in the 1980s, by the 1990s he began doing more writing about manga, although he often still employs his cartooning skills to assist in his analysis and explanation of his subjects, much like his American contemporary Scott McCloud. It is not a stretch to compare the latter’s Understanding Comics to Natsume's work in the classic How to Read …
The Professional Struggles Of Contemporary Korean Women: Origins And Consequences Of The Glass Ceiling,
2021
The University of San Francisco
The Professional Struggles Of Contemporary Korean Women: Origins And Consequences Of The Glass Ceiling, Liat Miller
Master's Projects and Capstones
The status of women globally, though improved in recent decades, remains an unresolved issue. The labor market, in which women must contend with the glass ceiling phenomenon, is an indicative microcosmos of a larger issue—the persistence of discriminatory attitudes toward women. The case is even more profound in East Asian contexts, such as South Korea. The existing literature is limited and focuses on either specific aspects of the glass ceiling or particular industries in Korea. This paper explores the origins and interconnected causes of the glass ceiling in Korea, which include Confucian philosophy and values. Moreover, by analyzing testimonials of …
The Functions Of Panels (Koma) In Manga: An Essay By Natsume Fusanosuke,
2021
Portland State University
The Functions Of Panels (Koma) In Manga: An Essay By Natsume Fusanosuke, Jon Holt, Teppei Fukuda
World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations
Natsume Fusanosuke presents in this essay the core ideas of his formal ‘theory of expression’ (manga hyōgen-ron) that focuses on three basic elements of manga: words, pictures, and frames. In the 1990s, Natsume emerged as a seminal scholar of Manga Studies, whose influential works include Manga no yomikata (coauthored, 1995) and Manga wa naze omoshiroi no ka: sono hyōgen to bunpō (1997), where the present essay is found. Here, Natsume describes the central aspects of panel constructions in manga: creating a sense of order for the reader by segmenting time; shaping the reader’s mental perceptions by panel compression (asshuku) and …
Confucian Leadership Democracy: A Roadmap,
2021
San Jose State University
Confucian Leadership Democracy: A Roadmap, Yutang Jin
Comparative Philosophy
What kind of polity is justified by classic Confucian values? Adopting an interpretive approach, this paper explores the idea of leadership democracy being expressive of classic Confucian values by first introducing the models of leadership democracy associated with Weber and Schumpeter and second connecting Confucian elitist values to them. I argue that leadership democracy best realizes the Confucian emphasis on the people as the source of legitimacy and the ruler as the engine of good governance. The Confucian idea of people-rootedness is borne out by citizens behaving as democratic plebeians who are empowered to choose their leader but devoid of …
Theory And Philosophy: Antonyms In Our Semantic Field?,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Theory And Philosophy: Antonyms In Our Semantic Field?, Jay Martin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Building on the argument of a 1996 piece called "For Theory," which situated "theory" in a force field of its putative opposite terms, this essay explores the way "philosophy" has come to be considered an antonym of "theory" in much contemporary discourse. It argues that despite their often contrasting meanings and connotations, the two terms would benefit from a dialogue in which the strengths of each were acknowledged without their being either hierarchically positioned or turned into bland synonyms.
Literature's Loss Of Status? Which Status? Whose Status?,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Literature's Loss Of Status? Which Status? Whose Status?, Carvalhão Buescu Helena
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Humanities' loss of symbolic status and, most especially, literature's loss of symbolic status have, in the last decades, been stated, and frequently overstated. The pessimistic position is to consider that there will be no way back – as if we were at the famous "end of history" that Fukuyama thought to have foreseen with the end of the Berlin wall and the pivotal historical moment lived in its wake. I propose to look at this question with a deeper historical insight, taking into consideration that status (either gained or lost) is always a matter of perspective, of position, and of …
"Asked Of Everyone As If A Duty": On Immanuel Kant's Question About The Idea Of A Common Sense,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Asked Of Everyone As If A Duty": On Immanuel Kant's Question About The Idea Of A Common Sense, Chen Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Whence the feeling in the judgment of taste is asked of everyone as if a duty" is a question that Kant asked at the end of Section 40 of Critique of Judgment. The answer to this question is related to one's understanding of the relationship between two parts that are ostensibly irrelevant – Sections 31-40 and Sections 41-42 of "Deduction of Judgments of Taste". Although scholars raised numerous explanations to unite these two parts and to interpret the latter part, they have not reached an agreement due to the difficulty in understanding Kant's question. In order to solve this problem, …
On Liu Yin's Idea Of "Relaxing In The Study Of Cultural Arts" And Literary Thoughts,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
On Liu Yin's Idea Of "Relaxing In The Study Of Cultural Arts" And Literary Thoughts, Wanli Yang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Liu Yin (1249—1293), a Neo-Confucian scholar in the early Yuan dynasty, had achievements not only in the Neo Confucianism, but also in literature, calligraphy, painting, zither and chess. He proposed the concept that "arts are fundamental practices", and for the first time compared literature and arts to the "six arts" in the ancient times, enhancing the status of arts in Neo-Confucianism. In his practice of cultural arts, Liu connected the thought of "observing things" with the spirit of "acquiring knowledge through observations of things". Furthermore, he expressed a desire for secluded life in the artistic world, showing a relaxed attitude …
Shock And Immersion: The Complex Aesthetic Experience Of Chinese New Mainstream Film,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Shock And Immersion: The Complex Aesthetic Experience Of Chinese New Mainstream Film, Xiaofang Lu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The new mainstream cinema in China, instead of providing a simple mixture or hybrid of artistic styles and genres, advocates that audiovisual spectacles created by film technologies should "break into" the established experience of audiences and their customary protective mechanism of consciousness so as to produce a psychological strike. Meanwhile, new mainstream cinema also creates an aesthetic experience, through which the audience are drawn deeply into the film thanks to their surrealistic sensory and emotional engagement. The surrealistic sensory experience brings "shock" to the audience, while emotional identification results in "immersion." Provided with such aesthetic effects, the new mainstream film, …
The Significance Of Concept Differentiation,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Significance Of Concept Differentiation, Dakang Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Concept is a fundamental element in literary studies, and concept differentiation may influence the content, methods and judgment of the studies. This article discusses three kinds of concept uses, which determine the research direction, value estimation and time connotation, and further expounds on the significance of concept differentiation.
The Establishment Of Modern Art Law Of "Do Whatever You Want" And The Reconstruction Of Pan-Art Category: Case Study Of The Ready-Made Works Of Marcel Duchamp,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Establishment Of Modern Art Law Of "Do Whatever You Want" And The Reconstruction Of Pan-Art Category: Case Study Of The Ready-Made Works Of Marcel Duchamp, Weisheng Xiao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The ready-made works of Marcel Duchamp made it impossible to define art, which actually implied the possibility of "artistic freedom." This was the new artistic principle determined by the ready-made, a principle that has established the modern art law "do whatever you want." This law makes art a judicial "precedent" event. It only stipulates a form consistent with the universal, so its judgment is a reflective aesthetic judgment. By restoring the tradition of pan-art, Duchamp brought language art back into the category of fine art so that paintings once again served the human thought. This particular strategy of returning to …
"Writers Should Learn Philology First": The Genesis Of A Common Sense In Literature,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Writers Should Learn Philology First": The Genesis Of A Common Sense In Literature, Feng Lin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Writer should learn philology first" was first presented by the Tang writer official Han Yu (768-824), and became an influential proposition of literature in the Qing dynasty. Qing textualists' effectively reinterpretation of it enabled the proposition to become a classic statement to demonstrate philology’s importance to literary creation, and the position gradually developed into a common sense recognized by various literary schools in the late Qing period and finally entered the literary history and textbooks during the Republican period. To describe the course of how the proposition emerged, disseminated and developed into a common sense will illuminate the understanding of …
Deleuze's Affect Theory And Becoming-Literature,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Deleuze's Affect Theory And Becoming-Literature, Yue Ge
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Despite the multi-disciplinary scholarly attention it has drawn, affect theory is subject to various contestations. An in-depth examination of Spinoza's and Deleuze's respective theory of affect reveals that Spinoza's concept of affect is a reflection upon the passive reactions of the body and mind, whereas Deleuze de-contextualizes the concept of affect so as to construct an approach to breaking down the power discipline and restoring the potentials of life. Deleuze opines that symbols are the primary vehicle for power transfer. From the perspective of "affect," he captures multiple effective ways of power disintegration in the field of literature, creatively proposes …
From Commitment To Uselessness: On Georges Bataille's Concept Of Literature,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
From Commitment To Uselessness: On Georges Bataille's Concept Of Literature, Tianshu Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This article aims to analyze George Bataille's concept of literature by comparing it with Jean-Paul Sartre's opposite view of committed literature. Sartre considered commitment to the world as core of literature, requiring literature to serve society, convey meaning, and advance the progress of society and history. In response to Sartre's view, Bataille argued that literature is useless. He recognized literature as a sovereign activity of expenditure and argued that it should only present the unknown of the world, which sheds light on unemployed negativity as the core of literature. In this sense, Bataille's concept is a reflection on modernity. Literature, …
The Image Of Characters In Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Image Of Characters In Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction, Zidong Xu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Scholars generally believe that the most important characters in modern Chinese literature are intellectuals and peasants, and their relationship is central to the literary theme of "reforming national character". However, in the late Qing Dynasty and contemporary fictions, officials become the third important image of characters. The complicated triangular relationship between intellectuals, peasants and officials in fictions is since formed. If the relationship between intellectuals and peasants can be summarized as "enlightenment and national salvation", the process of "mutual transformation" between intellectuals and officials in twentieth-century Chinese fictions and the historical evolution of the "contradictory and interdependent" relationship between peasants …
Feminist Perspectives On Gender And The Sublime,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Feminist Perspectives On Gender And The Sublime, Rong Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The paper reinterprets the conceptual history of sublime theory from a feminist perspective. Besides exposing the deep imprint of patriarchal discourse in the classical version of the sublime, contemporary feminists make great efforts to remold the aesthetical category to incorporate the female experiences, subjectivity and ethics. Therefore, the concept of the sublime enjoys an expansion to include possibilities of transgressing borders, embracing emotion, upholding heterogeneity and advocating intersubjectivity. This is the new dynamic that feminism brings to the theoretical field of sublime aesthetics.
Ideas Of Photography Studies In France: Reflections On Three Contemporary Paradigms,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Ideas Of Photography Studies In France: Reflections On Three Contemporary Paradigms, Yichen Lu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The ideas of photography, different from photography, are constituted by a network of concepts that emerges out of its dissemination and reception, and features the regularity of the indicative discourses of photography as a practice and an image. The shift from photography to the concept of photography is not only a change in concepts, but also one in photographic historiography. This shift constantly questions and deconstructs the traditional history of photography, whose models closely follow technical progress or the beautiful images produced by great photographers, emphasizing the spectators/recipients of the photographic image that were marginalized in the mainstream history of …
The Perceptional Foundation Of Impressionism,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Perceptional Foundation Of Impressionism, Haiyan Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
As a revolutionary painting school, impressionists develop a special plane configuration that deserves phenomenological description and critical reflection over the philosophical assumptions behind it. Impressionists claim to represent impressions as they are, so it strictly restricts the object to be represented within the field of the physical world, and in the process of painting, they try to remove all the processing activities that are external to the original impression and to use separate color blocks and rough brushstrokes so that they may represent the instant impression in the picture. By analyzing this plain configuration, this article explores the special concept …
Early Reading Theories Of Louis Althusser And The Misjudgment Of Surface Reading,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Early Reading Theories Of Louis Althusser And The Misjudgment Of Surface Reading, Jianzeng Zhou
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
There are three reading theories in Louis Althusser's early works: intuitive reading, expressive reading, and symptomatic reading. Intuitive reading puts emphasis on the intuitiveness of the mind towards given content, which tends to make the text transparent and shallow. The second is the theory of expressive reading, which stresses the revelation of a single meaning on the surface of the text through rational thinking, insisting on an exclusive and closed distinction between surface and depth. Symptomatic reading promotes a dialectical thinking that analyzes the dual content hidden beneath the textual surface in pursuit of an open adjoining distinction between surface …
Natural History And The "Scientific Discourse Community" Of The Three Zhou Brothers,
2021
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Natural History And The "Scientific Discourse Community" Of The Three Zhou Brothers, Jianrong Liao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
As the mainstream of modern science, natural history has developed from Foucauldian epistemological discourse to the important discourse of "scientific discourse community," which has become the basis of legitimacy for a new culture and new thought that promoted the New Culture Movement. As the scientific discourse of the three Zhou brothers, natural history influenced Lu Xun's (Zhou Shuren) "saving the nation through science" and "biological truth", Zhou Zuoren's "biological reference" and "naturalization of ethics", as well as Zhou Jianren's "national evolution" and related ideas of new culture. Zhou Brothers' scientific discourse of natural history witnessed the unremitting exploration of Chinese …
