East Asian Languages and Societies Commons^™

Asia Pacific Perspectives Vol. 10 No. 2, November 2011, University Of San Francisco, University Of San Francisco

Asia Pacific Perspectives

Contents:

Editor's Note by Joaquin Jay Gonazalez and John Nelson

Beyond the Hot Debate: Social and Policy Implications of Climate Change in Australia by Lawrence Niewójt and Adam Hughes Henry

This paper discusses the social and policy implications of climate change on the world’s most arid populated continent. Warmer average temperatures will have real, identifiable impacts on human health, marginalized sectors of the population, and the sustainability of rural and coastal communities in Australia. By analysing indicators of environmental health and social welfare we can identify emerging threats posed by a warmer climate. Policy-makers will need to devise a suite …

Confucianism And The Legalism: A Model Of The National Strategy Of Governance In Ancient China, Haiwen Zhou

Economics Faculty Publications

The Confucian school emphasizes family value, moral persuasions, and personal relations. Under Confucianism, there is a free-rider issue in the provision of efforts. Since national officials are chosen through personal relations, they may not be the most capable. The Legalist school emphasizes the usage of incentives and formal institutions. Under the Legalism, the ruler provides strong incentives to local officials which may lead to side effects because some activities are noncontractible. The cold-blood image of the Legalism may alien citizens. By exploiting the paternalistic relationship between the ruler and the ruled under Confucianism and the strength of institution-building under the …

Neutrosophic Interpretation Of Tao Te Ching, Florentin Smarandache, Fu Yuhua

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The purpose of this book is to extend the foundation and application range of 'Tao Te Ching'. The reasons for this are as follows. Firstly, we are willing to point out that 'Tao Te Ching' already has some limitation, because many questions we are interested in cannot be answered within 'Tao Te Ching'. For example, 'Tao Te Ching' basically discussed the matters in China, however considering all possible situations it should matter in foreign countries as well, i.e. the “global village”. This was impossible in Lao Tzu’s time. Secondly, if the original “Tao Te Ching” is regarded as “Positive Tao …

Literacy And Cultural Assimilation In Rural China: A Report From The Interior, Amanda C.R. Clark

Library Faculty Scholarship

The American Library Association has long been concerned with the promotion of literacy, particularly as it pertains to the equity and global universality of access to information. When libraries focus on the accessibility of information, literacy is understandably an initial step in the process. This essay focuses on challenges to literacy in rural China, and how technology may be improving access to information for many of the inland population.

Displaced In The Simulacrum: Migrant Workers And Urban Space In The World, Yanjie Wang

Asian and Asian American Studies Faculty Works

The article examines the construction of the World Expo Garden in Shanghai in 2010, in relation to Jia Zhangke’s 2004 film The World. It argues that during the process of large-scale demolition and reconstruction involved in the creation of the World Expo Garden, one cannot ignore the numerous migrant workers who swarmed into the city and contributed tremendously to the completion of one project after another. This article argues that in spite of their pivotal role in providing cheap labor to rebuild the city, migrant workers have not been afforded any space in the spectacular tapestry of Shanghai. This article …

崑南及其小說研究 (1955-2009), Wai Chung Chan

Lingnan Theses

崑南(岑崑南 (1935-) 是香港一個頗富傳奇性的作家。50-60 年代，他是「現代主義」文學的一名猛將。60 年代中後期，崑南卻放棄了自己的「文藝」理想， 創辦了以流行音樂、影視、星座、消費為主的《香港青年周報》(1967)、《新周 報》(1972)等流行刊物，約至77 年中後期才因經濟問題而告終。此後崑南一直徘徊在文藝創作和通俗創作之間，掙扎不已。期間他對文學的信念和作家的自我定位日漸低落。88 年末，崑南更一度放棄創作，投入自己星座研究及個人的世界之中約7年。直至95 年中，崑南在朋友的鼓勵和支持下回歸文字創作，此後他對文學的熱情和創作意慾亦日漸見濃，不時在不同的報刊、雜誌、文藝刊物發表小說、詩歌、散文等不同作品，創辦多份文藝雜誌並擔個編輯。

本論文主要有三章，其中第一章共分成六個部份，分別討論不同時期崑南的文學活動與小說創作。全文梳理了近半個世紀之間，崑南在香港文學環境中， 在「文藝」和「通俗」兩種創作方向的來回掙扎與矛盾的心路歷程。本論文的第二章，主要疏理崑南各個時期的小說創作，其中就各小說中的情態意緒、敍事手法、語言運用等方面變化等方面來崑南「性與女體」書寫的特色。第三章主要以較宏觀的角度討論崑南的文學態度，並重點討論報紙副刊作為通俗載體 的限制和可能，藉以反思其與香港的文化環境和作家心態之間的關係。

馬宗璉《春秋左傳補注》研究, Lok Man Lee

Lingnan Theses

馬宗璉(？—1802)，清代乾嘉之際漢學大師，著《春秋左傳補注》三卷，其 書旨在補注杜預《春秋經傳集解》及惠棟《左傳補註》，多為時人所重，但近人對是書之評價，卻毀譽不一。近人研究清代《左傳》學，又不及此書。有見及此，本文擬全面研究馬宗璉《補注》內容，探討其特點及地位，藉此客觀評價 此書。

首先，根據今所考見之材料，重新敘寫馬宗璉生平及其所參與之學術活動。 關於馬宗璉生平的資料，可供依據者並不多，記述較完整的只有王引之〈家傳〉 及馬其昶《桐城耆舊傳》兩則紀事。馬宗璉早年跟從其舅姚鼐學習古文辭，後 來改攻漢學。乾隆五十年，入京向當時名儒邵晉涵、王念孫等問學，又先後佐修《經籍纂詁》及《史籍考》，可惜修書未峻，馬宗璉便去世。

其二，考釋馬氏《補注》中文字訓詁、人物職官、禮制及地理四方面內容， 以觀其得失。要正確地評價馬氏《補注》，必先考察其內容之得失及方法之優劣。 惜乎前人鮮有詳細考釋此書內容，因此在評價此書時，有欠允當。馬宗璉書中有關地理及人物職官部分，較具參考價值。至於文字訓詁部分，馬氏善於運用字書，但在聲訓之法上卻頗多失誤。禮制部分則甚多疏略，經常牽附禮書。

其三，梳理馬氏《補注》與前人經說之關係，分析馬宗璉運用前人經說的方法及態度。清儒研讀古書，號稱實事求是，旁徵博引。但各家專精不同，對古書的搜求考證，亦每有差異。馬宗璉面對經說琳瑯，各家異義，嘗試進行考辨、梳理並有所取捨。馬宗璉最重視鄭玄經注，對賈、服舊注，多有考辨。馬氏書對賈、服、杜注較能持平而論，免卻當時對賈、服舊注「不辨是非」之弊。 另外，其書又以《水經注》、《郡國志》等地志補足惠棟《補註》地理部分的不 足。

其四，考察劉文淇、安井衡及竹添光鴻著作中引用馬氏《補注》的情況， 以見馬氏書對後來注解的影響。重新評價馬氏《補注》，除審視書中內容之得失優劣外，亦須考察後來學者對此書之關注。翻查清代學術史、清代《左傳》學 史，對馬氏書著墨不多。但是，劉文淇《春秋左氏傳舊注疏證》、日本安井衡《左 傳輯釋》及竹添光鴻《左傳會箋》三書卻大量引錄馬氏《補注》，以該書地理及人物職官部分，最受三家重視。

香港文學的現代主義 : 六、七〇年代歐洲電影與香港文學的關係, Pak Shing Tse

Lingnan Theses

大量的史實證明，香港五、六○年代銳意介紹西方現代主義的文藝雜誌與 副刊跨越了不同的藝術媒介，為香港現代文學奠下了重要的基礎；而這個基礎 有兩個重要的特質：一它是一個連續的累積過程，二它具有跨越媒介的特色。 由《文藝新潮》（1956－1959）以降，到《新思潮》(1959)、《好望角》(1963) 等提倡現代文藝的雜誌，它們所累積的現代主義文化根基及對不同藝術媒介的 包容吸收，到了六○年代的《中國學生周報》仍然秉承這份精神。本文把西方傳入的現代主義思潮看成是一個在香港連續發展的整體。

現代主義雖然是西方思潮，但在香港的特殊背景之中，反而把其消化成香港獨特的文學風格，令香港文學更加本土化；而對於六○年代在香港成長的作者，歐洲電影更是一個吸收現代主義思潮的重要途徑。本文以現代主義及歐洲電影兩條線索在香港交匯的事實構成一個視角，一方面考察香港本土意識的形成，另一方面探討電影與文學在美學及文化上的互動關係。

在這個視角下，六○年代《中國學生周報‧電影版》所討論的歐洲電影成為本文重要的文獻，而本文會抽取當中較有代表性的電影作品，並以之為章節， 看其對香港文學的影響。討論的作品以長篇作品《剪紙》（1977）及《我城》 （1979）為主，旁及《養龍人師門》（2002）、《象是笨蛋》（1969）以至也斯及西西的影評，以及他們回應某些歐洲電影的文學作品。與過往的評論不同， 本文把這兩部作品放在歐洲電影與現代主義文學交錯的脈絡中，重新發掘其背後的影響來源，討論的電影包括阿倫‧雷奈（Alain Resnais，1922－）的《去 年在馬倫巴》(Last Year at Marienbad， 1961)、路易士‧布紐爾（Luis Buñuel， 1900－1983）的《模糊的情慾對象》(That Obscure Object of Desire，1977)、 安東尼奧尼（Michelangelo Antonioni）的《春光乍洩》（Blow-Up，1966)、路 易‧馬盧（Louis Malle，1932－1995）的《莎西遊巴黎》（Zazie dans le m�tro， 1960）等，並旁及這些導演其他電影作品及當時歐洲的電影文化，以至它們背後的文學原著，包括法國情色文學作家皮亞‧盧維（Pierre Louÿs，1870－1925） 的《女人與玩偶》（The Woman and The Puppet，1898）、 南美魔幻寫實作家科塔薩爾（Julio Cotazar，1914－1984）的短編作品、法國新小說作家的電影劇本等，並以也斯和西西早期作品為參照，察看當中受電影文化影響的轉變過程。

Engaging In Another Person’S Telling As A Recipient In L2 Japanese: Development Of Interactional Competence During One-Year Study Abroad, Midori Ishida

Faculty Publications

This study investigates the development of interactional competence through the analysis of conversational data collected in a longitudinal design. It examines, using conversation analysis (CA), how a learner of Japanese as a second language (L2) engages in conversation as a story recipient, and identifies changes that suggest the learner’s development.

Before We Go: Vacation Reading Suggestions

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

China Beat will be taking a holiday break until January 3. Before we move on to 2011, though, here’s a short round-up of pieces from 2010 that you shouldn’t miss:

• We’re still doing a bit of catching up as we recover from the end of the fall academic quarter, so please forgive us for being a bit behind on covering both the recent tensions between North and South Korea and also the controversial release of documents by WikiLeaks. On North Korea, read Evan Osnos, “Lips and Teeth,”and listen to Mary Kay Magistad of PRI’s The World. For a China …

Reading Round-Up, December 17

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

It seems there’s been an outpouring of writing about China lately—so much that we actually haven’t been able to keep up with it all (especially since for the China Beat editors, December brings with it the madness and mayhem that mark the end of an academic term). So, before we settle in for the holiday break, we thought we’d bring you a pair of reading round-ups that point to all the pieces we wish we’d been able to write during the past few weeks. We’ll post part I (focusing on Liu Xiaobo’s Nobel Peace prize win) today and part II …

One Hundred Years Of Controversy, Paul R. Katz

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

“History is never for itself; it is always for someone” — Keith Jenkins, Rethinking History, p. 16

Controversies about the past are nothing new to modern Taiwan, but this one is something completely different, centering not on how to remember the Japanese colonial era, the 228 Incident, or the White Terror, but the forthcoming 100th anniversary of the Republic of China’s founding on January 1, 1912 (建國百年).

At the center of the current sturm und drang is Taiwan’s Academia Historica (國史館), the putative successor to the imperial Historiography Institute (same Chinese name) established from the Song to Qing dynasties. In …

In Case You Missed It: Chop Suey, Maura Elizabeth Cunningham

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

In 1961, Julia Child published Mastering the Art of French Cooking, among the most celebrated cookbooks of the 20th century. Designed to demystify the intricacies of French cuisine and convince the “servantless American cook” that she could conquer any of the recipes contained therein, Child’s book helped to bring French food out of upscale city restaurants and into the kitchens of families across the country.

Sixteen years earlier, Buwei Yang Chao had taken on a similar task, though she met with much less widespread success than Child would. Chao’s How to Cook and Eat in Chinese (1945) did not only …

How One Family Created Chinese America, Angilee Shah

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

Hyphenated cultures seem to be a natural part of California’s landscape today, but it wasn’t always so. The Lucky Ones by Mae Ngai offers a fresh look at California history by reconstructing the lives of immigrant and second generation pioneers who lived between cultures when it was not such a common phenomenon. Ngai’s narrative brings Chinese Americans into a richer tradition of historical storytelling by humanizing an ambivalent, middle-class immigrant family, situating their lives within the more well-known histories of Chinese laborers and those who suffered from the 1882 Exclusion Act.

Ngai is a professor and immigration historian at Columbia …

New Release: Heart Of Buddha, Heart Of China

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

James Carter, Professor of History at Saint Joseph’s University and Chief Editor of the journal Twentieth-Century China, has recently published Heart of Buddha, Heart of China: The Life of Tanxu, a Twentieth Century Monk (Oxford University Press). To explore the life and work of this extraordinary individual, Carter embarked on a series of “travels with Tanxu,” spending time in Buddhist temples from Harbin to Hong Kong (with stops in Qingdao, Ningbo, Yingkou, and Shanghai along the way). Here, in an excerpt from the prologue to his book, Carter explains the challenges he encountered in tracing the life of Tanxu, an …

Year In Review: Books, Books, Books

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

As 2010 draws to a close, many media outlets have begun releasing their year-end “best of” lists. We always take a careful look at these to see which China-related titles appear, and have seen more than a few familiar names pop up. At the New York Times, the “100 Notable Books of 2010” include Peter Hessler’sCountry Driving and Yunte Huang’s biography of Charlie Chan, as well as Pearl Buck in China: Journey to The Good Earth by Hilary Spurling. Spurling’s work is also celebrated by Margaret Drabble at The Guardian, while both Pankaj Mishra and AS Byatt include Yiyun Li’s …

Hu Jingcao On Liang Sicheng And Lin Huiyin

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

In October, CCTV’s high-definition channel broadcast a new six-hour, eight-episode documentary on the famous husband-and-wife duo Liang Sicheng (梁思成, 1901-1972) and Lin Huiyin (林徽因, 1904-1955). Liang is renowned as a pioneering architectural historian, Lin as a writer, but their presence in China’s historical consciousness defies easy categorization. Both came from prominent families (Sicheng’s father was Liang Qichao, the scholar and reformer of the late Qing and early Republican period) and they left multifaceted legacies (their son, the noted environmentalist Liang Congjie, died in Beijing on October 28; American artist Maya Lin is Huiyin’s niece.)

Titled “Liang Sicheng Lin Huiyin,” the …

Re-Reading Chalmers Johnson, Daniel Little

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

Chalmers Johnson, co-founder and president of the Japan Policy Research Institute at the University of San Francisco and long-time professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Diego, died on November 20, 2010. (Here are several notices — The Atlantic, theNew York Times, and The Nation.) In the past ten years or so Johnson has become widely known for his critical books about American empire (Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire (2004), The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic (2005), Nemesis: The Last Days of the …

Live Confucian: The Newsletter Of The Confucius Institute Of Pace University December 2010, Confucius Institute Pace University

Live Confucian

A newsletter of the Confucius Institute, Pace University.

The Confucius Institute at Pace Universi­ty is dedicated to providing Chinese lan­guage and cultural education, resources,and services to meet the needs of people from all backgrounds.

Liang Congjie, Public Intellectuals, And Civil Society In China, Guobin Yang

China Beat Blog: Archive 2008-2012

Liang Congjie, professor of history and founder of China’s first environmental NGO, Friends of Nature, died on October 28, 2010 at the age of 78. His death was widely noted in the Chinese and international media: obituaries appeared in theNew York Times, The Atlantic, and other major English newspapers and magazines. The major web portal Sina.com dedicated a special section on its web site to Professor Liang. Friends of Nature, the organization which Professor Liang co-founded and led for many years, has posted a collection of commemorative essays from his former colleagues, friends, and followers and admirers. Much has been …