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2017

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Full-Text Articles in Urban Studies and Planning

Community-Engaged Operations Research: Trends, New Frontiers And Current Applications, Michael P. Johnson Jr. Nov 2017

Community-Engaged Operations Research: Trends, New Frontiers And Current Applications, Michael P. Johnson Jr.

Michael P. Johnson

Community-engaged operations research is an extension of multiple OR/MS traditions to support participatory scholarship, localized impact and social change. It applies critical thinking, evidence-based policy analysis, community participation and decision modeling to local interventions. It emphasizes the needs, voices and values of disadvantaged and marginalized populations. Through a survey of current scholarship in two complementary areas of inquiry, ‘community operational research’ (referring to work by primarily UK-based researchers) and ‘community-based operations research’ (referring to work by primarily US-based researchers), we develop principles for community-engaged OR, present critical questions that represent opportunities to expand the impact of this work, and discuss …


Urban Rail Transit Ppps: Lessons From East Asian Cities, S Y Phang Oct 2017

Urban Rail Transit Ppps: Lessons From East Asian Cities, S Y Phang

PHANG Sock Yong

Private sector participation in urban rail transit has proliferated in the past two decades. The large metropolises of East Asia have had decades of experience with private sector participation in the provision of heavy metro services. The design of these public-private partnerships (PPP) are varied. The diverse experiences of Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore and Beijing contain valuable lessons for other cities. Using a case study approach, this paper discusses three features of urban rail transit developments in the context of East Asian cities, viz., farebox recovery, land value capture mechanisms, and vertical structure of the industry. Super vertical integration …


Improving Decision-Making Skills Of Nonprofit Professionals, Michael P. Johnson Jr., George Chichirau, Jason Wright Oct 2017

Improving Decision-Making Skills Of Nonprofit Professionals, Michael P. Johnson Jr., George Chichirau, Jason Wright

Michael P. Johnson

Nonprofits face gaps in organizational capacity, including program design and evaluation, but previous research suggests that capacity-building exercises have a positive effect. We describe a data analytics training workshop with staff from Boston-area nonprofits reflecting a wide range of sectors. Through analysis of participant work on case studies provided by the instructor, we examine how participants made sense of training materials, the various strategies employed by participants to solve three case study problems, and participant feedback about the session. Our findings provide a basis for novel interventions in community based operations research. 


The Ugly City Beautiful - A Policy Analysis, Richey Piiparinen Oct 2017

The Ugly City Beautiful - A Policy Analysis, Richey Piiparinen

Richey Piiparinen

No abstract provided.


The Fifth Migration: A Study Of Cleveland Millennials, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post Oct 2017

The Fifth Migration: A Study Of Cleveland Millennials, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post

Richey Piiparinen

Many studies and reports about the “millennial” generation have been conducted at the national level in the past few years. However, little has been done to look at the effects the members of this generation have at the local level. Framed in what has been termed “the fifth migration” or “re-urbanization” this project looks at trends surrounding the millennial generation both nationally and locally. This project not only examines where young people are living, but also dives into trends and changes surrounding mobility, housing, public transit, civic engagement, the changing workplace, and the sharing economy. Across these topics this project …


Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief July 2016: Population Loss And Development Trends In Cleveland, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post, Kyle Fee Oct 2017

Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief July 2016: Population Loss And Development Trends In Cleveland, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post, Kyle Fee

Richey Piiparinen

When a place loses population, it’s assumed that’s because people leave. But it’s not that simple. What’s lost in translation is today’s households have fewer people living in them than they did years prior. For instance, 40% of mothers aged 40 to 44 had four or more children in 1976. Today, it’s 14%. Overall, the average American household contracted from 3.14 people in 1970 to 2.54 today. This can explain the apparent paradox of population loss in “shrinking” communities while the number of occupied households grows. Such was the case in Cuyahoga County. There were 1.72 million residents in the …


From Metal To Minds: Economic Restructuring In The Rust Belt, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post Oct 2017

From Metal To Minds: Economic Restructuring In The Rust Belt, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post

Richey Piiparinen

No abstract provided.


From Balkanized Cleveland To Global Cleveland: A Theory Of Change For Legacy Cities, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell Oct 2017

From Balkanized Cleveland To Global Cleveland: A Theory Of Change For Legacy Cities, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell

Richey Piiparinen

With the 2010 census tallied, Cleveland officially hit a 100-year low for population. The community sprang into action without fully understanding the reasons for decline. The goal of this concept paper is to reframe the challenges facing the city and region, thereby informing a more effective policy agenda.


Cleveland: A High-Skilled Immigrant Destination, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell Oct 2017

Cleveland: A High-Skilled Immigrant Destination, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell

Richey Piiparinen

The Cleveland metro ranks 44th out of the nation’s 50 largest metros in the concentration of population who are foreign born, at 5.5%. However, in measuring the skill level of each metro, Cleveland has the 7th largest concentration of college-educated immigrants, at 40%. Also, 21.2% of the region’s immigrants have graduate or professional degrees, ranking Cleveland 5th in the nation. It is suggested that Cleveland’s “eds and meds” sector, which ranks 11th in total employment in the nation, is driving a higher proportion of high- compared to low-skilled immigrants. Implications are discussed.


Cleveland Works: Employment Trends, 2014 To 2015, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell Oct 2017

Cleveland Works: Employment Trends, 2014 To 2015, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell

Richey Piiparinen

Center for Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief: March 2016


Downtown Cleveland: The Dynamic Engine Of A Talent-Driven Economy, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post Oct 2017

Downtown Cleveland: The Dynamic Engine Of A Talent-Driven Economy, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post

Richey Piiparinen

Cities have long been seen as places serving a variety of purposes. In 1933, for example, the architect Le Corbusier detailed four essential roles of a functional city. A working city is one that provides dwelling, work, recreation, and circulation to its people. Throughout the 20th century, trends in city building were to separate these functions into differing spaces. There were areas meant for living (the suburbs), areas meant for working (the central business district), and areas meant for playing (the entertainment district). More recently, the trend has been to move away from the division of city life toward a …


Mapping Adult Migration In Cleveland, Ohio, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Eamon Johnson Oct 2017

Mapping Adult Migration In Cleveland, Ohio, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Eamon Johnson

Richey Piiparinen

No abstract provided.


Renaissance Fair, Richey Piiparinen Oct 2017

Renaissance Fair, Richey Piiparinen

Richey Piiparinen

As Cleveland moves forward as a city on the rise, we risk leaving too many behind. Creating solutions for greater equity may be our best chance at a sustainable future.


A Newer Geography Of Jobs: Where Workers With Advanced Degrees Are Concentrating The Fastest, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charles Post Oct 2017

A Newer Geography Of Jobs: Where Workers With Advanced Degrees Are Concentrating The Fastest, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charles Post

Richey Piiparinen

From 2005 to 2013, the Cleveland metro ranked 5th in the nation in the growth of percentage of workers with an advanced degree. Greater Cleveland ranks 10th in the nation with 17% of its labor force with a graduate or professional degree, moving up from 22nd place in 2005. Cleveland’s 12-point rank change was third largest, behind Indianapolis and Providence. The brief suggest Greater Cleveland is part of a next generation of second-tier metros entering into the upper echelon of the knowledge economy.


Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief January 2017: Transportation’S Role In The Economic Restructuring Of Cleveland, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell Oct 2017

Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief January 2017: Transportation’S Role In The Economic Restructuring Of Cleveland, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell

Richey Piiparinen

Transportation is the vessel for the movement of people. Migration is the actual movement of people. Both transportation and migration are dictated by the economic eras of which they are a part. These economic eras are most simply illustrated by showing the type of work people did across our nation’s history. Nearly 70% of the nation was employed in agriculture in the 1840s. Fast forward to 1930 and employment in mining, manufacturing, and construction—categorized as “industry” employment—surpassed farm work, with industrial jobs peaking in 1960. Then, the era transitioned into a knowledge economy dominated by the proliferation of ideas and …


Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief September 2017: Repopulating Cleveland From The Inside Out, Richey Piiparinen, Thomas Bier, Charlie Post, Mark J. Salling Phd, Gisp Oct 2017

Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief September 2017: Repopulating Cleveland From The Inside Out, Richey Piiparinen, Thomas Bier, Charlie Post, Mark J. Salling Phd, Gisp

Richey Piiparinen

How can Cleveland repopulate? Generally, there are two theories of thought: by focusing on regional economic development, so that people follow jobs; and by focusing on local economic development, particularly in housing and quality of place. Here, jobs follow people. While the oft-heard question in city building is whether people follow jobs or jobs follow people, recent research suggest it is likely both. Cleveland needs both a jobs strategy and a housing strategy to incur repopulation. This report brief sketches out the framework of a housing strategy, while an upcoming report by The Center for Population Dynamics called “The Healing …


Globalizing Cleveland: A Path Forward, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell Oct 2017

Globalizing Cleveland: A Path Forward, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell

Richey Piiparinen

“Globalizing Cleveland: A Path Forward” is Part 2 of a three part series from the Center of Population Dynamics at Cleveland State University. Part 1, entitled “From Balkanized Cleveland to Global Cleveland”, sketched a theory of change for Greater Cleveland relating to economic and community development. Part 2 attributes metrics to this theoretical frame and benchmarks where the Cleveland metro stands on these metrics. Part 3 will offer strategic pathways that will help Greater Cleveland progress into an increasingly globalized world.


Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief October 2015: A Reason To Be- The "Upskilling" Of Cleveland's Workforce, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post Oct 2017

Center For Population Dynamics Quarterly Brief October 2015: A Reason To Be- The "Upskilling" Of Cleveland's Workforce, Richey Piiparinen, Jim Russell, Charlie Post

Richey Piiparinen

Not having a reason to be is the human crisis. Developing worth is the cure. Such is the case not just for people, but for cities. Cities without uses become ghost towns, with a midway existence called “the shrinking city”. Cleveland, like many Rust Belt cities, is a so-called shrinking city. For decades now the region has fought against the anticipation of disappearing. This fight is called “economic development”. Often, development policies are more instinctive than strategic. Cleveland has lost jobs, mostly manufacturing jobs. The solution, then, is to simply go get those jobs back. But manufacturing as a share …


Preparing For Growth: An Emerging Neighborhood Market Analysis Commissioned By Mayor Frank G. Jackson For The City Of Cleveland, Richey Piiparinen, Kyle Fee, Charlie Post, Jim Russell, Mark J. Salling Phd, Gisp, Thomas Bier Oct 2017

Preparing For Growth: An Emerging Neighborhood Market Analysis Commissioned By Mayor Frank G. Jackson For The City Of Cleveland, Richey Piiparinen, Kyle Fee, Charlie Post, Jim Russell, Mark J. Salling Phd, Gisp, Thomas Bier

Richey Piiparinen

In anticipation of the development of a Neighborhood Transformation Initiative, in 2016, Mayor Frank G. Jackson commissioned Cleveland State University’s Center for Population Dynamics to analyze the City of Cleveland housing market. The resulting study, “Preparing for Growth,” provides a foundation for the Mayor’s Neighborhood Transformation Initiative acknowledging neighborhoods where private investment is strong but, and most significantly, identifying emerging neighborhood markets where focused planning and the leverage of public dollars will attract private investment to the benefit of existing residents and businesses in these neighborhoods.


Food Justice Youth Development: Using Photovoice To Study Urban School Food Systems, Krista Harper, Catherine Sands, Diego Angarita, Molly Totman, Monica Maitin, Jonell Sostre Rosado, Jazmin Colon, Nick Alger Sep 2017

Food Justice Youth Development: Using Photovoice To Study Urban School Food Systems, Krista Harper, Catherine Sands, Diego Angarita, Molly Totman, Monica Maitin, Jonell Sostre Rosado, Jazmin Colon, Nick Alger

Catherine Sands

How do youth learn through participation in efforts to study and change the school food system? Through our participatory youth action research (YPAR) project, we move beyond the "youth as consumer" frame to a food justice youth development approach. We track how a group of youth learned about food and the public policy process through their efforts to transform their own school food systems by conducting a participatory evaluation of farm-to-school efforts in collaboration with university and community partners. We used the Photovoice research method, placing cameras in the hands of young people so that they themselves could document and …


Decision Modeling For Housing And Community Development: A Methodology For Evidence-Based Urban And Regional Planning, Michael P. Johnson Jr. Aug 2017

Decision Modeling For Housing And Community Development: A Methodology For Evidence-Based Urban And Regional Planning, Michael P. Johnson Jr.

Michael P. Johnson

Urban community development corporations and other local institutions routinely face challenging problems in housing and economic development that require substantial expertise in data analytics and decision modeling. Recent research, inspired by local responses to the housing foreclosure crisis, and developed in cooperation with Boston-area CDCs, has resulted in a collection of applications that can assist CDCs and similar organizations to design local interventions for acquisition and redevelopment of housing. This paper describes these applications. The first of these is values and objective design, i.e. the process of identifying decision opportunities. The second of these is data analytics, or …


Environmental Advocacy: Insights From East Asia, Mary Alice Haddad Jul 2017

Environmental Advocacy: Insights From East Asia, Mary Alice Haddad

Mary Alice Haddad


Environmental advocacy in East Asia takes place in a context where there are few well-funded professional advocacy organisations, no viable green parties, and governments that are highly pro-business. In this advocacy-hostile environment, what strategies are environmental organizations using to promote better environmental outcomes?  Using an original database of environmental organizations and interviews with activists and officials throughout the region, this paper investigates which strategies are most common and compares them to the advocacy strategies found in the United States.  It finds, perhaps surprisingly, that (a) environmental organizations across East Asia employ similar advocacy strategies even though they are operating in …


Master-Planning The American Campus: Goals, Actions, And Design Strategies, Amir Hajrasouliha Jun 2017

Master-Planning The American Campus: Goals, Actions, And Design Strategies, Amir Hajrasouliha

Amir Hajrasouliha

This research identified common goals, actions, and design strategies of university campus master plans in the USA, by analyzing 50 randomly selected master plans. Four design strategies were distilled, based on the top goals and actions: transition from (1) a deficient campus to a complete campus, (2) an isolated campus to a contextual campus, (3) a fragmented campus to a cohesive campus, and (4) a brown campus to an ecological campus. In addition, seven campus form dimensions were distilled: (1) land use organization (arrangement of space and facilities), (2) compactness, (3) connectivity, (4) spatial configuration, (6) campus living, (7) greenness, …


Staging Cleveland: A Theater Industry Study, Iryna Lendel, Candi Clouse, Merissa Piazza, Ellen Cyran, Simon Husted, Nichole Laird, Luke Seaberg, Jinhee Yun Jun 2017

Staging Cleveland: A Theater Industry Study, Iryna Lendel, Candi Clouse, Merissa Piazza, Ellen Cyran, Simon Husted, Nichole Laird, Luke Seaberg, Jinhee Yun

Ellen Cyran

The impact of theater is traditionally discussed in the emotion someone feels from seeing a live show on stage or the nostalgia of remembering the experience of seeing one’s favorite movie come to life for the first time. Theaters are one of a city’s most beautiful treasures, often constructed with high levels of architectural appeal which can take audiences out of their normal life and lead them into the world of the performance. However, besides beautiful buildings and fond memories, what is the impact of the theater sector on a region? This study uses a quantitative framework to examine the …


Ppol-G 746 Geographic Information Systems For Public Policy, Michael P. Johnson Jr. Jun 2017

Ppol-G 746 Geographic Information Systems For Public Policy, Michael P. Johnson Jr.

Michael P. Johnson

The purpose of this course is to learn principles and applications of GIS to support doctoral-level research and master’s-level research and analysis in public policy and related disciplines, such as public management, gerontology and urban and regional planning. This course has a particular focus on spatial data collection and analysis for urbanized regions within the greater Boston area. We will address basic geographic and mapping concepts. These include: world coordinate system and projections, map topology, tiled and layered maps, standard computer map file formats, data processing and data analysis, including Web-enabled GIS. We will also study advanced methods suitable for …


Course Syllabus: Ppol-G 630 Research Methods I, Michael P. Johnson Jr. Jun 2017

Course Syllabus: Ppol-G 630 Research Methods I, Michael P. Johnson Jr.

Michael P. Johnson

This course offers an introduction to research methods and design primarily from a social science perspective. The primary objective is to improve students’ ability to become better producers and consumers of public policy research by providing an introduction to an array of methodological issues and approaches to policy research. Within a social science framework, our discussions will include topics like: How do we find/develop research questions and testable hypotheses? What is the nature of “explanation” – or how do we know if we’ve found the “answer” to our research question/problem? What determines the method we choose to collect data to …


Super Roundtable, “From Data To Decisions At Your Nonprofit”: Event Description And Assessment, Michael P. Johnson Jr. Jun 2017

Super Roundtable, “From Data To Decisions At Your Nonprofit”: Event Description And Assessment, Michael P. Johnson Jr.

Michael P. Johnson

On April 28, 2017, Tech Networks of Boston hosted an extended roundtable event to give nonprofit professionals an introduction to storytelling and decision-making with data, allowing the notion of ‘data’ (qualitative and quantitative), ‘storytelling’ (descriptive and explorative analysis through words, numbers and pictures) and ‘decision-making’ (identifying decision opportunities, quantifying values, generating alternatives and choosing most-preferred courses of action) to be understood as broadly as possible.  This document summarizes the event, presents some event feedback and discusses next steps in the area of nonprofit and community data analytics and decision science.


Policy Recommendations: Cultivating A Local Foodscape Rooted In A Just Economy, Ryan Thayer May 2017

Policy Recommendations: Cultivating A Local Foodscape Rooted In A Just Economy, Ryan Thayer

Ryan Thayer

Since the 1970s, American diets have changed drastically (Hozer, 2015; Soechtig, 2014; Pinderhughes, 2004; Fr eeman, 2007). The rise of multinational corporate food chains and agribusiness producers (Bell et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2012; Ayazi and Elsheikh) have severely limited diverse food options, as markets have become saturated with highly processed foods, whi ch are known to contribute to the rise of obesity related chronic health diseases (Bader et al., 2012; Colquhoun and Ledesma, 2008; Schwartz, 2016). In the urban environment, poor people and communities of color share a disproportionate burden of diet - rela ted diseases (Kwate, 2008) …


I Share, Therefore It's Mine, Donald J. Kochan Apr 2017

I Share, Therefore It's Mine, Donald J. Kochan

Donald J. Kochan

Uniquely interconnecting lessons from law, psychology, and economics, this article aims to provide a more enriched understanding of what it means to “share” property in the sharing economy. It explains that there is an “ownership prerequisite” to the sharing of property, drawing in part from the findings of research in the psychology of child development to show when and why children start to share. They do so only after developing what psychologists call “ownership understanding.” What the psychological research reveals, then, is that the property system is well suited to create recognizable and enforceable ownership norms that include the rights …


From Data To Decisions At Your Nonprofit, Michael P. Johnson Jr., George Chichirau, Jason Wright Apr 2017

From Data To Decisions At Your Nonprofit, Michael P. Johnson Jr., George Chichirau, Jason Wright

Michael P. Johnson

In recent years, discussions about ‘data analytics,' ‘big data’ and ‘performance management’ have tended to focus on organizations’ needs to collect, store, analyze, and make productive use of mostly-quantitative data to ensure that their activities are best-aligned with their missions. Without minimizing the importance of training, software and hardware selection, and organization design, there is also a need for organizations to make the best decisions they can using all data that are available – including qualitative data that may be hard to capture in information systems.
    
The goal of this Super Roundtable is to enable organizations to improve their …