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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Theory, Knowledge and Science
Backward Thinking: Exploring The Relationship Among Intersectionality, Epistemology, And Research Design, Daniel Tillapaugh, Z Nicolazzo
Backward Thinking: Exploring The Relationship Among Intersectionality, Epistemology, And Research Design, Daniel Tillapaugh, Z Nicolazzo
Daniel Tillapaugh
No abstract provided.
Cumulating Evidence About The Social Animal: Meta-Analysis In Social-Personality Psychology, Blair T. Johnson Dr., Marcella H. Boynton Dr.
Cumulating Evidence About The Social Animal: Meta-Analysis In Social-Personality Psychology, Blair T. Johnson Dr., Marcella H. Boynton Dr.
Blair T. Johnson
Like most scientific fields, social-personality psychology has experienced an explosion of research related to such central topics as aggression, attraction, gender, group processes, motivation, personality, and persuasion, to name a few. The proliferation of research can be a monster unless it is tamed with the scientific review strategy of meta-analysis, literally analyses of past analyses that produce a quantitative and empirical history of research on a particular phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to outline the basic process and statistics of meta-analysis, as they pertain to social-personality psychology. Meta-analysis involves: (i) defining the problem under review; (ii) gathering qualified …
Measuring Social Capital And Its Influence On Individual Performance, Alireza Abbasi
Measuring Social Capital And Its Influence On Individual Performance, Alireza Abbasi
Alireza Abbasi
Studies on social networks highlight the importance of network structure or structural properties of a given network and its impact on performance outcome. One of the important properties of this network structure is referred as “social capital” which is the “network of contacts” and the associated values attached to these networks of contacts. In this study, the aim is to provide empirical evidence of the influence of social capital and performance within the context of academic collaboration (co-authorship). This study suggests that the collaborative process involves social capital embedded within relationships and network structures among direct co-authors. Thus, association between …
Poverty Knowledge, Coercion, And Social Rights: A Discourse Ethical Contribution To Social Epistemology, David Ingram
Poverty Knowledge, Coercion, And Social Rights: A Discourse Ethical Contribution To Social Epistemology, David Ingram
David Ingram
In today’s America the persistence of crushing poverty in the midst of staggering affluence no longer incites the righteous jeremiads it once did. Resigned acceptance of this paradox is fueled by a sense that poverty lies beyond the moral and technical scope of government remediation. The failure of experts to reach agreement on the causes of poverty merely exacerbates our despair. Are the causes internal to the poor – reflecting their more or less voluntary choices? Or do they emanate from structures beyond their control (but perhaps amenable to government remediation)? If both of these explanations are true (as I …
Voice Without Say: Why Capital-Managed Firms Aren’T (Genuinely) Participatory, Justin Schwartz
Voice Without Say: Why Capital-Managed Firms Aren’T (Genuinely) Participatory, Justin Schwartz
Justin Schwartz
Why are most capitalist enterprises of any size organized as authoritarian bureaucracies rather than incorporating genuine employee participation that would give the workers real authority? Even firms with employee participation programs leave virtually all decision-making power in the hands of management. The standard answer is that hierarchy is more economically efficient than any sort of genuine participation, so that participatory firms would be less productive and lose out to more traditional competitors. This answer is indefensible. After surveying the history, legal status, and varieties of employee participation, I examine and reject as question-begging the argument that the rarity of genuine …
A Theory Without A Movement, A Hope Without A Name: The Future Of Marxism In A Post-Marxist World, Justin Schwartz
A Theory Without A Movement, A Hope Without A Name: The Future Of Marxism In A Post-Marxist World, Justin Schwartz
Justin Schwartz
Just as Marx's insights into capitalism have been most strikingly vindicated by the rise of neoliberalism and the near-collapse of the world economy, Marxism as social movement has become bereft of support. Is there any point in people who find Marx's analysis useful in clinging to the term "Marxism" - which Marx himself rejected -- at time when self-identified Marxist organizations and societies have collapsed or renounced the identification, and Marxism own working class constituency rejects the term? I set aside bad reasons to give on "Marxism," such as that the theory is purportedly refuted, that its adoption leads necessarily …
A Phenomenolical Study And Meta-Analysis Of Declining Membership And Participation In The Church, Cliffrod E. Jones Jr.
A Phenomenolical Study And Meta-Analysis Of Declining Membership And Participation In The Church, Cliffrod E. Jones Jr.
Cliffrod E Jones Jr.
This study seeks to establish a multifactor approach to the problem of declining membership and participation that allows a broader defense against the negative effects of separate causalities. A meta-analysis of past and current study into the phenomenon investigates currently recognized causalities, and forms a grounded basis for the study questions, while personal interviews from a sampling of churches, church leaders and church members provides additional quantitative data for review, comparison, weighting and analysis of the phenomenon.
Garbage-In, Garbage-Out: Item Generation As A Threat To Construct Validity, Terri A. Scandura Phd, Lucy R. Ford
Garbage-In, Garbage-Out: Item Generation As A Threat To Construct Validity, Terri A. Scandura Phd, Lucy R. Ford
Terri A. Scandura
Item generation has received only cursory attention in the research literature, despite the fact that it seems obvious that poorly written items will result in poor psychometric properties of measures. In this paper, we review the literature on item generation, develop a typology of threats to construct validity, and evaluate five commonly usedorganizational research measures with respect to typology. Our results demonstrate that the sampled measures have significant problems that may represent threats to construct validity. recommendations for improved item generation practice are offered.
Les Musulmans : Un Cauchemar Ou Une Force Pour L’Europe ?, Hichem Karoui, Arno Tausch
Les Musulmans : Un Cauchemar Ou Une Force Pour L’Europe ?, Hichem Karoui, Arno Tausch
Hichem Karoui
This is a comparative study related to European and Global Islam, based on documented- social- anthropological analysis, and quantitative data from the European Social Survey and the World Values Survey. Can we really say that Islam is not faulty as for the exclusion of European Muslims? Or is it only biased European policies toward Islam? How can we explain the radicalization of some European Muslims?
Student Activism And Curricular Change In Higher Education, Mikaila Arthur
Student Activism And Curricular Change In Higher Education, Mikaila Arthur
Mikaila Mariel Lemonik Arthur
While higher education is still far from universal in the United States, it plays an increasingly large role in shaping our collective understanding of what knowledge counts as legitimate and important. Therefore, understanding the college curriculum and how it is changed and shaped helps us to understand the overall dynamics of knowledge in contemporary society. This book considers the emergence of three curricular fields that have developed and spread over the past half century in American higher education - Women's studies, Asian American studies and Queer/LGBT studies. It details the broader history of their development as knowledge fields and then …
El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
Se presenta una revisión de los títulos publicados hasta 2009 que han analizado la situación de la ciencia política en México o algún aspecto de ésta. Destaca el crecimiento y la diversificación de autores e instituciones, de las revistas publicadas y de los enfoques y temas recurrentes. Hasta fines de los años noventa se ven autores recurrentes y momentos de auge en las publicaciones asociados a coyunturas como congresos, procesos de modificación a planes de estudio, etc., Después de estos años hay la emergencia de nuevos autores y enfoques de estudio, y que el desarrollo de estos trabajos en su …
How Much Does A Belief Cost?: Revisiting The Marketplace Of Ideas, Gregory Brazeal
How Much Does A Belief Cost?: Revisiting The Marketplace Of Ideas, Gregory Brazeal
Gregory Brazeal
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. is often credited with creating the metaphor of “the marketplace of ideas,” though he did not use the exact phrase and his argument for free speech was not based on distinctively economic reasoning. Truly economic investigations of the marketplace of ideas have progressed in step with developments and trends in the law and economics literature. These investigations have tended to be one-sided, with writers focusing primarily either on the production of ideas (for example, Posner) or their consumption (for example, behavioral law and economics), without considering in depth how producers and consumers interact. This may …
Collective Choice, Justin Schwartz
Collective Choice, Justin Schwartz
Justin Schwartz
This short nontechnical article reviews the Arrow Impossibility Theorem and its implications for rational democratic decisionmaking. In the 1950s, economist Kenneth J. Arrow proved that no method for producing a unique social choice involving at least three choices and three actors could satisfy four seemingly obvious constraints that are practically constitutive of democratic decisionmaking. Any such method must violate such a constraint and risks leading to disturbingly irrational results such and Condorcet cycling. I explain the theorem in plain, nonmathematical language, and discuss the history, range, and prospects of avoiding what seems like a fundamental theoretical challenge to the possibility …
Consulting Ethics, William Feighery
Consulting Ethics, William Feighery
William Feighery
An important, if much neglected, arena within the field of tourism studies is the role of tourism scholars as consultants in the development process. For individuals within this field of ‘expert knowledge’ participation in consultancy projects often places them at the heart of complex and competing interests at local, national and international level. Such complexity necessitates ethically informed decisions. In this paper I first explore the evolution of tourism related research and consultancy, before considering the rise of ethics in arenas of professional practice. Further, I consider the Foucauldian construct of ‘technologies of the self’ as potentially offering an ethical …
Proyecto De Investigación: La Primera Agencia Espacial Mexicana: La Comisión Nacional Del Espacio Exterior (1962-1977), J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
Proyecto De Investigación: La Primera Agencia Espacial Mexicana: La Comisión Nacional Del Espacio Exterior (1962-1977), J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
No abstract provided.
Proyecto De Investigación: Los Mexicanos En Las Operaciones De La Segunda Guerra Mundial, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
Proyecto De Investigación: Los Mexicanos En Las Operaciones De La Segunda Guerra Mundial, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
No abstract provided.
Developing A Community Of Practice For Trainers: Towards A Culture Of Conscience In Clinical Research, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Developing A Community Of Practice For Trainers: Towards A Culture Of Conscience In Clinical Research, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
This developmental research study concerned how trainers, drawn mainly from the commercial (pharmaceutical) sector of the field of clinical research, shared understandings of practice in a professionally localised community, as part of their continuing professional development. Trainers in this community had a heterogeneous range of identities including full-time and part-time trainers: clinical research trainers, training managers; clinical research managers, clinical research associates, compliance managers, auditors and others. The main aim was to explain conditions shaping this community and its concept of practice. The study involved observing practice from an interlocutory position, using Cultural- Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), to reveal the …
Phd Abstract, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Phd Abstract, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
This developmental research study concerned how trainers, drawn mainly from the commercial (pharmaceutical) sector of the field of clinical research, shared understandings of practice in a professionally localised community, as part of their continuing professional development. Trainers in this community had a heterogeneous range of identities including full-time and part-time trainers: clinical research trainers, training managers; clinical research managers, clinical research associates, compliance managers, auditors and others. The main aim was to explain conditions shaping this community and its concept of practice using Cultural-Historical-Activity-Theory.
Thesis Chapter 5, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 5, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
The focus of this study was on a community of trainers (Trainers’ Forum) spanning a field of practice rather than any individual organisation. The aim was to explore “what goes on around here” and to clarify how and why things happened the way they did in the community through theoretical and empirical study. Focussing on the Training Forum (TF) enabled detailed examination of the activity system of trainers, and of the extent to which it made progress towards becoming a Community of Practice. Therefore, the setting for the study was within the public spaces of this putative or emergent Community …
Thesis Chapter 3, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 3, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
The overlaps between philosophical, sociological and educational perspectives on the concept and meaning of practice were highlighted in the previous chapter. Based on these perspectives, for the purposes of this study, practice is characterised as a complex activity defined by its standards of excellence that lead to the attainment of goods inherent to the practice, and constituted by the cognitive and co-operative tasks involved in the activity. The conceptual model of practice derived from these perspectives is shown in Figure 3-1, at the end of the chapter. Characterising practice as complex activity allows it to be deconstructed within an analytical …
Thesis Chapter 6, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 6, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
A developmental research approach was adopted to study the activity system of the Trainers’ Forum (TF). Engeström’s activity system model was used within a CHAT framework, to analyse the embodiment of the concept of practice, in the activity of sharing and discussing the practice of clinical research training. The research was conducted in three distinct phases as shown in Table 5-3 (Analyses Plan) at the end of Chapter 5 (Research design). Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gather data, which included: participant observation; questionnaires and interviews. Because the study concerned a community of trainers and its practices, data sources …
Thesis Chapter 1, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 1, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
This research is a study of trainers, drawn mainly from the commercial sector of the field of clinical research, journeying towards becoming a community of practice (CoP). The focus of the study is the concept of practice among this community, formed within the professional body of the Institute of Clinical Research (ICR). Its scope is limited to discussing emergent features of the community, known as the Trainers Forum (TF), in terms of the ‘ecology’ of the commercial sector.
Thesis Chapter 7, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 7, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
Viewing activity from the perspective of respective actors in the system of activity enables a comprehensive picture to be built of the systematic elements involved. In addition, according to Lave and Wenger (op.cit.), the identity of members in terms of who they are, and what they do, is bound up with the activity or practice that defines them as a community. Consequently, describing who the subjects are within the system of activity, and the tensions between them, provides an insight into the social structure of the activity system in terms of the features of their shared practice, such as: a …
Thesis Chapter 10, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 10, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
In this chapter, the purpose, research questions and hypotheses of the thesis are revisited in the process of drawing conclusions. In addition, a critique of the methodology used in this research is offered to assess the contribution to knowledge. The overall aims of this research study were: to explain the conditions creating and sustaining a professional community of trainers and its concept of training practice against a backdrop of increasing regulation; and, to understand the effects of compliance culture on the sharing of practice and development of shared understandings in this community. The pertinent questions posed in line with these …
Thesis Chapter 2, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 2, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: THE CONCEPT OF PRACTICE Academic literature specifically ascertaining what constitutes best training practice concerning fellow trainers in the pharmaceutical industry is sparse. Moreover, literature within the field of clinical research about practices that constitute the training process is generally lacking. This gap in the academic literature provides a basic rationale for research in this field of practice. Meanwhile, the concept and meaning of practice is well established from five theoretical perspectives, outlined as follows:- MacIntyre’s (1985) concepts of standards (of excellence) within a practice that depend on the relationship between its internal and external goods Giddens (1984) structuration …
Thesis Chapter 9, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 9, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
The community constituting the Forum, the division of labour within it, and the rules affecting its activity and individual chains of actions were described and analysed in the previous chapter. Analyses revealed that trainers replicated the circumstances that they endured in their workplace through the predominance of a time-bound, content driven agenda, driven by a compliance culture that can be traced to the workplace, where it operated as a rule. In turn, this rule was traced to another neighbouring activity system, the regulatory environment, where compliance culture is used as a tool to enforce adherence to GCP standards (L1TO2d). In …
Thesis Chapter 8, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Chapter 8, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
The Trainers’ Forum is viewed as an activity system (AS) in its entirety through considering the continuous patterns of activity within sessions of Forum meetings. However, in order to proceed with analyses at the level of the declarative, procedural and social interactions/discourses that Engeström suggests are necessary for actual-empirical analyses, the community, its rules and division of labour are foregrounded. The object of activity can then be analysed subsequently in light of the conceptual models that have emerged in the Forum. Findings concerning the object of activity are therefore presented last in Chapter 9, in order to conclude discussion of …
Diabolical Frivolity Of Neoliberal Fundamentalism, Sefik Tatlic
Diabolical Frivolity Of Neoliberal Fundamentalism, Sefik Tatlic
Sefik Tatlic
Today, we cannot talk just about plain control, but we must talk about the nature of the interaction of the one who is being controlled and the one who controls, an interaction where the one that is “controlled” is asking for more control over himself/herself while expecting to be compensated by a surplus of freedom to satisfy trivial needs and wishes. Such a liberty for the fulfillment of trivial needs is being declared as freedom. But this implies as well the freedom to choose not to be engaged in any kind of socially sensible or politically articulated struggle.
Thesis Appendices, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Appendices, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
No abstract provided.
Thesis Bibliography, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Thesis Bibliography, Marie Mckenzie Mills
Marie McKenzie Mills PhD, CSci
No abstract provided.