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Full-Text Articles in Demography, Population, and Ecology
O Açúcar Do Nordeste Brasileiro Em Crise, 1918-45, Heitor Moura Filho
O Açúcar Do Nordeste Brasileiro Em Crise, 1918-45, Heitor Moura Filho
Heitor Moura Filho
The economic crises of 1929 represented another stage in the series of difficulties faced by sugar producers of Northeastern Brazil since the end of WWI. These regional producers suffered a long process of decline, throughout the decade from 1925 to 1935. Though the Northeastern States used an important political clout to defend their interests, the economic capacity of the State of São Paulo, as reflected in the capitals which chose to invest in sugar and in its local markets for both sugar and fuel ethanol, allowed new mills to be established and old ones to be expanded, during a period …
Os Países Latino Americanos E A Convenção Açucareira De Bruxelas De 1902, Heitor Moura Filho
Os Países Latino Americanos E A Convenção Açucareira De Bruxelas De 1902, Heitor Moura Filho
Heitor Moura Filho
The effects of the Brussels Sugar Convention of 1902 on various Latin American countries are analysed: domestic production, exports, imports and prices.
Pioneering Multilatralism: The Sugar Agreements 1864 – 1912, Heitor Moura Filho
Pioneering Multilatralism: The Sugar Agreements 1864 – 1912, Heitor Moura Filho
Heitor Moura Filho
This paper examines the negotiations which led to the Brussels Convention of 1902 for the abolition of subsidies on sugar exports, showing how the practice of multilateral commodity trade negotiations was an outcome of this experience. Encompassing diverse fiscal systems, these negotiations began a process of pluri-national harmonization of taxation criteria and regulations, which forced changes to national statutes. They also initiated new forms of economic negotiations and coexistence. When war broke out in 1914, undoing agreements and inaugurating a new era of strict government control of economic activities, multilateralism had been established as a conceptual alternative and a practical …
A Organização Comum Do Mercado De Açúcar Na União Europeia: Estrutura, Instrumentos Regulatórios E Interesses, Heitor Moura Filho
A Organização Comum Do Mercado De Açúcar Na União Europeia: Estrutura, Instrumentos Regulatórios E Interesses, Heitor Moura Filho
Heitor Moura Filho
The subsidies and protection structure of the sugar sectors in the European Union originated from the individual national protection systems, unified with the creation of the Common Agricultural Policy. The main form of protection for agricultural products in the EU are the Common Organisations of the Market, which fix rules for planting, sale, prices, subsidies, storage and foreign trade. The COM for Sugars is based on an intervention price, at present quite higher than international prices. To determine who benefits from this intervention price, production quotas are established and distributed to each Member-State, producer and raw-material supplier. In parallel, levies …