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江門市居家養老研究報告 = A Research Report On Ageing In Place In Jiangmen City, 嶺南大學-五邑大學居家養老聯合研究創新中心

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

本研究旨在瞭解江門市”社區居家養老”的狀況及需求，以便當局制定服務，讓長者能在自己最熟悉的地方養老。

硏究採用「量性研究」(Quantitative research method) 的方法，以問卷收集了482位居住在江門市城市、鄉鎮和農村60歲或以上長者的個人狀況和對居家養老的意見。

硏究發現8成以上長者偏好在家養老及覺得其現在居所環境適合養老，但超過一半長者居所的安全性成疑，這包括居所存在鼠患蟲患、住屋光線不足和缺乏維修等。另外，有大約3成認爲社區設施便利性有待提升。

在社交支持方面，超過8成老年人擁有良好的社交支持網絡，出入醫療場所和在生活上遇到難題時能獲得幫忙；少部分無法尋求任何幫助。值得注意的是，尋求正式機構協助的長者不多。

在財務狀況方面，約6成長者主要收入來源為退休金，另外少於半數老年人依靠兒女資助。有部分受訪者依賴存款，政府補貼和勞動收入。受訪者月收入偏低，以1000~4000元爲主，部分沒有任何收人。被訪者的醫療保險覆蓋率接近9成，約有2成人對承擔醫療費用感到吃力。

參與是次研究的受訪者普遍身體狀況和自理能力良好，7成以上滿意當前生活狀態 (包括居所狀況、社會支持、居家安老安排、社區設施及其生活條件)，認爲目前條件能支持他們居家養老。

本研究提出五大建議。第一，雖然目前大部分受訪者滿意當前生活狀態，居家養老服務供給水平仍有改進空間。為應付老年人口急增，政府應加速發展養老業。第二，社區和居家環境需配合長者的身體機能和需要，進行適老化改造，以支持他們在家養老。第三，爲減輕長者醫療費用的負擔，建議政府篩查符合救助標準的長者，提高老年人醫療補貼。第四，為了讓更多老年人能在社區組織中獲得適切的正式服務支持，政府應加大服務購買力度，增加服務名額同時提升服務質素。第五，子女對年長父母的陪伴和依靠是不能缺乏的，但部分子女沒有很好地履行贍養義務。爲增加子女對年老父母的照顧力度，政府應從教育、媒體方面營造社會尊老敬老氛圍。

江門市居家養老需求研究報告 : 城市深度訪談 = The Needs Of Ageing In Place In Jiangmen City : In-Depth Interviews In Urban Area, 嶺南大學-五邑大學居家養老聯合研究創新中心

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

本次研究旨在調查江門市老年人居家養老的現狀，探索服務需要，提升江門市老年人的生活質素。研究採用定性研究方法，對21名城市老人進行了深度訪談，調查日期從2020年7月到2020年9月。在這21名受訪者中，女性是11人，男性是10人；60-74歲的老人有9名，12名老人在75歲以上；與他人同住的老人有10名，11位老人是獨居。

研究檢視了江門市老年人的健康狀況和居家養老方面的需求，包括住房滿意度、社區設施情況、患病者個人護理需要及生活水準、健康資訊獲取方式、社會支援途徑和方式、老年人喜歡的活動、上門服務的選擇情況、社會組織分佈情況、患病老人的經濟狀況、及智能設備使用情況。

根據被訪者的需要，本文從醫療費用、養老中心和活動、可承擔服務、資訊傳遞、智能設備、家用電器及家居維修等六個方面提出了幾點建議，希望可以提升老年人的生活質素，使他們可以在家安享晚年。

2016 香港快樂指數調查 Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2016, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

According to the results of the Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey conducted by Chu Hai College of Higher Education in collaboration with Lingnan University’s Centre for Public Policy Studies, the Happiness Index for Hong Kong people in 2016 stands at 67.6 (on a scale of 0 to 100), significantly lower than last year’s 70.0. However, the main decline occurs with those aged below 30, whose happiness index plunged from 69.3 to 63.8, the lowest score on record.

This decline in the self-reported happiness index, paradoxically, occurs at a time when people’s satisfaction with the living environment, the media, the …

Hk Children Happiness Index 2015 = 2015年香港兒童快樂指數, Lok Sang Ho, Early Childhood Development Research Foundation 香港嬰幼兒發展研究基金會

Hong Kong Children Happiness Index 香港兒童快樂指數調查

According to the results of the 2015 Hong Kong Children’s Happiness Index Survey released by Lingnan University’s Centre for Public Policy Studies (CPPS) today (30 March), the overall Children’s Happiness Index in 2015 dropped noticeably to 6.49 (on a scale of 0 to 10) from 6.74 in 2014.

With funding support from the Hong Kong Early Childhood Development Research Foundation and the assistance of the Public Governance Programme of Lingnan University, the 2015 Children’s Happiness Index survey was conducted following the same methodology as in previous surveys. A total of 9 primary schools and 14 secondary schools (excluding international …

2015 香港快樂指數調查 Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2015, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

由嶺南大學公共政策研究中心進行的「香港快樂指數調查」結果顯示，香港人於2015年的快樂指數為70.0（以0-100分計算），稍低於去年的70.5。較為意外的結果是30歲以下受訪者的快樂指數，由67.8回升至69.3。

儘管受訪者對媒體的評價仍處於低水平，但評分由去年的4.76微升至4.89。市民對公共政策質素的滿意度為4.37（以0-10分計算），與去年的4.34相比變化不大；市民對香港生活環境的滿意度，由去年的5.95顯著下跌至今年的5.69；對公共醫療的滿意度，則由去年的6.49下跌至今年的6.30。評分處於6或以上者屬於良好或以上。

家庭月入介乎一萬至二萬元之間的人士的快樂指數，比去年明顯上升7%至6.82；而家庭月入一萬元以下人士亦上升了3%。結果可能反映今年較早時候法定最低工資的提高。家庭月入二萬至三萬元人士的快樂指數則下跌了4.7%。

According to the results of the Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey conducted by Lingnan University’s Centre for Public Policy Studies, the Happiness Index for Hong Kong people in 2015 stands at 70.0 (on a scale of 0 to 100), which is slightly lower than last year’s 70.5. Surprisingly, the Happiness Index of people aged below 30 rose from 67.8 to 69.3.

Respondents’ degree of satisfaction with the media rose slightly to 4.89 from last year’s 4.76, albeit still at a low level. Satisfaction with Hong Kong’s public policy is 4.37 (on …

Hk Children Happiness Index 2014 = 2014年香港兒童快樂指數, Lok Sang Ho, Early Childhood Development Research Foundation 香港嬰幼兒發展研究基金會

Hong Kong Children Happiness Index 香港兒童快樂指數調查

According to the results of the Children’s Happiness Index Survey released by Lingnan University’s Centre for Public Policy Studies (CPPS) today (17 April), the 2014 overall Children’s Happiness Index dropped noticeably to 6.74 (on a scale of 0 to 10) from 7.23 in 2013. This is the lowest on record since the survey commenced in 2012 when the Index was tracked at 6.91. Drop in happiness has been recorded for children of all school grades and age groups.

Commissioned by the Hong Kong Early Childhood Development Research Foundation, the 2014 Children’s Happiness Index adopts methodology similar to previous surveys. …

Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2014, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

According to the results of the Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey conducted by Lingnan University’s Centre for Public Policy Studies, the Happiness Index for Hong Kong people in 2014 stands at 70.5 (on a scale of 0 to 100), which is the same as last year. The survey outcome is an unexpected one taking into account the current social and political controversies in Hong Kong.

Respondents' degree of satisfaction with quality of public policy rose to 4.34 (on a scale of 0 to 10) from last year’s 4.14. Satisfaction with living environment rose to 5.95 from last year’s 5.75, while …

Upward Earnings Mobility On The Decline In Hong Kong? A Study Based On Census Data, Lok Sang Ho, Kai Wai Huang, Xiangdong Wei

Centre for Public Policy Studies : CPPS Working Paper Series

This paper offers a new intuitive approach using census data to cast light on earnings mobility. We find that in Hong Kong upward mobility opportunities indeed fell for those born in the mid 70s and later, but that there has been a remarkable improvement for degree holders in recent years. Contrary to common belief, even though starting salaries had fallen, degree holders more or less maintained their relative advantage by age 31-35. Moreover, among degree holders, beginning in 2011 upward mobility showed an improvement for all cohorts at the higher income end though less so at the lower end. The …

Children And Happy Growing Up 2013, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Children Happiness Index 香港兒童快樂指數調查

Hong Kong children from Primary 4 to Secondary 3 were happier in 2013 with their happiness index standing at 7.23, evidently higher than 6.91 in 2012, according to results of the latest survey conducted by the Centre for Public Policy Studies (CPPS) of Lingnan University announced today.

However, the encouraging result was tempered by declines in the Insight and Fortitude scores, two of the four key determinants of happiness, namely Love, Insight, Fortitude and Engagement (LIFE). In 2013, Hong Kong children’s Insight score fell to 6.19 from 6.37 in 2012, while Fortitude dropped to 6.64 from 7.10 during the same …

Happiness Of Children As They Grow Into Their Teens : The Hong Kong Case, Lok Sang Ho

Centre for Public Policy Studies : CPPS Working Paper Series

This paper reports the results of a dual survey of children from Primary 4 through Secondary 3 and their parents from Hong Kong conducted from November 2011 to January 2012. It confirms the often-cited result that happiness declines as the child moves into the teens, and finds that scores indicating Love, Insight, Fortitude, and Engagement, which reflect aspects of mental capital essential to happiness, also tend to decline during adolescence. Pressures from extracurricular activities surprisingly appear to have a greater adverse effect on happiness than pressures from school work. Siblings add to disharmony at home, and parents’ education does not …

蓬瀛仙館 : 探討患有「抑鬱症」長者的服務提供狀況 - 早期防治工作的成效評估, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

是次計劃希望全面地評估蓬瀛仙館現時為長者所提供的抑鬱症前期服務，並提出服務建議，作日後改善及發展長者抑鬱症服務之參考，計劃目標如下：

一. 評估機構現時對長者抑鬱症前期服務提供的狀況；

二. 了解服務使用者對長者抑鬱症服務的期望與現時機構提供的前期服務兩者之間的差距，作為日後服務改進以及發展之參考；

三. 對機構提供之長者抑鬱症前期服務提出改善方案，以及為將來機構發展全方位的長者抑鬱症服務提供發展框架；

四. 為機構提供系統性之長者抑鬱症服務評估框架，以便機構日後作定期的服務評估。

Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2013, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

Results of Lingnan University’s Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2013 indicate a slight increase of Hong Kong people’s happiness index to 70.5, up from 70.3 last year on a scale of 0-100. Even though the uptick in the happiness index is insignificant, it is still unexpected in view of the social and political tensions in Hong Kong.

Satisfaction with the quality of public policy has fallen markedly from last year’s 4.77 to 4.14 on a scale of 0 to 10. Also declining noticeably is satisfaction with the living environment from 6.03 to 5.75. Overall, only healthcare generated a satisfaction score …

如何提升長者的自我增值能力研究計劃, 香港婦女基金會何郭佩珍耆康中心, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

香港婦女基金會何郭佩珍耆康中心致力推動長者老有所為，自我增值。此研究旨在了解中心會員參與班組及義工的情況，並思考如何增加其參與度。中心鼓勵會員從單向接收知識增值至學以致用，但事與願遺，暫時會員傾向只作為服務使用者參加班組，但很少作為服務提供者參與義務工作及自務義工活動。研究指出儘管會員都知道個人在社群的義務，包括伸手助人、弘揚傳統、貢獻社區，但他們都多在乎自身，如時間運用、身體狀況等，少有推己及人，未能從自助跨越到互助而達致增值。在眾多活動的選擇中，他們找不到充分的理由去選擇參與義工服務。研究認為中心在鼓勵服務使用者在接受服務後馬上成為義工的轉變過程中已遇到困難，應將服務使用者循序漸進引導成為服務組織者。研究亦發現中心會員普遍具有高中教育水平和心境年齡年輕的義工活動參與基礎，中心需加強為會員帶來價值觀的改變，讓會員明白義務工作可得到成就、尊重、認同。這些認知有助成為會員參與義工服務的動機，最終促使他們從服務使用者轉變成為服務提供者。

Hong Kong Women Foundation Ho Kwok Pui Chun Social Centre for the Elderly strives to promote active ageing among the elderly to enable them to self-enhancement. The study aimed at understanding the situation of the current participation of the Centre’s members in courses and voluntary works, as well as seeking solutions in promoting their level of participation in the aforementioned aspects. The Centre encouraged its member to progress from a recipient of knowledge into a wielder of knowledge, but the reality went contrary to the Centre’s wishes. It was found that the members tended to act as service users …

Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2012, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

The “Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2012” indicates a slight slip of Hong Kong people’s happiness index to 70.5, from 71.3 last year on a scale of 0-100. As before, females continue to command a premium over males in happiness, and older people tend to be happier.

Both work pressures, particularly excessively long hours, and financial pressures are important causes of unhappiness among Hong Kong people. According to the survey results, low-income families are generally less happy than those better off. The lowest happiness score, at 66.9, however, goes to the sandwich class with monthly income from HK$30,000-39,999 per month. …

Children And Happy Growing Up 香港學童快樂地成長嗎? 2012, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Children Happiness Index 香港兒童快樂指數調查

A caring and loving relationship between parents, and parents’ respect for children’s views and privacy are what Hong Kong children value the most in defining their happiness. While financial well-being is clearly important, it is far less important than having a warm, loving family that promotes effective communication and avoids strongly worded rebukes and disciplinary actions, according to the results of the latest happiness survey conducted by the Centre for Public Policy Studies (CPPS) of Lingnan University.

This study was commissioned by the Early Childhood Development Research Foundation and sponsored by Henderson Land Group. Conducted between November 2011 and January …

Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey 2011 香港快樂指數調查 2011, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

Despite their dissatisfaction with the overall administration of public policy, the quality of public healthcare services, and other social problems, Hong Kong people are generally happier than last year, with the happiness index reaching 71.3, the second highest since 2005, the latest Hong Kong Happiness Index Survey reveals.

For the first time ever, young people aged below 30 are the happiest among the different age groups, with the index hitting 72.0, the highest in seven years. Females also reported a record-high happiness index of 73.6, which is far above the males’ at 67.9.

Four key determinants of happiness, namely Love, …

Exploratory Study Of Neglect Among Elderly In Hong Kong : A Family Perspective, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University, The Central Policy Unit, Hong Kong Sar Government

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

Elder neglect, instead of abuse, forms an obvious focus in studying changes before irreversible damages are made to the families over time to examine the family cohesion factors as well as to identify interpersonal or helping relationships among elder parents and adult children, in particular during the time of sickness when an older person requires intensive care. Such occasions reveal the impacts of family dynamic on the vulnerability of elder neglect. It is under this background, Family Council and Central Policy Unit, commissioned the Asia-Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies of Lingnan University to undertake the study, in April 2010, with …

Understanding Health Profile Of The Middle-Aged Residents In Tsuen Wan, Tsuen Wan Safe And Health Community, Tsuen Wan Adventist Hospital, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

Modernization marked the progress of society and posed various changes to human life as well as the epidemiological transition. Improvements in public health care, living conditions, income and the control of infectious diseases were important factors in the first half of the twentieth century that led to the increases in life expectancy, while in the second half it was improvements in social conditions, health technologies such as antibiotics, and widespread immunization. The existences of advanced medical services effectively get rid of the prevalence of infectious disease that caused immediate human threats such as Measles and Smallpox.

Given that technological advancement …

Hong Kong Happiness Index 2010 香港快樂指數 2010, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

Lingnan University’s Centre for Public Policy Studies (CPPS) today announced survey findings of the “Hong Kong Happiness Index 2010”. According to the survey, Hong Kong people in 2010 continue to enjoy high levels of happiness similar to what they enjoyed in the previous year, with the overall happiness index at 70.1, not much different from the 2009 level of 70.6 and well above the trough of 67.2 seen in 2007.

The survey was conducted by CPPS from Oct 18 to Oct 22 2010 via randomized phone calls. The research team successfully interviewed 834 Hong Kong residents aged 21 or above. …

Evaluation Study : On The New Mode Of Enhanced Home & Community Care Service Provided By Hong Kong Family Welfare Society, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

HKFWS based on the existing mode of service of EHCCS and proposed a new mode with the addition of group rehabilitation component (details of the two modes of services are provided in Chapter 3), aimed to further enhance clients’ levels in physical functioning, cognitive functioning, ability in carrying out activities of daily living, psychological condition, quality of life, social engagement and self-efficacy. The specific objectives of the research are:

(1) To validate the effectiveness of the new service mode of EHCCS in maintaining and improving condition in the aforementioned aspects

(2) To compare the effectiveness of the new service mode …

Empowerment In The Caritas Federation For Senior Citizens, Kong Sang Lou, Mei Yuk, Doris Yu

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

According to the Hong Kong population projection the proportion of the population aged 65 and over is projected to increase markedly, from 11.7% in 2003 to 27% in 2033. This increase is expected to be gradual between 2003 and 2015 (14.3%) and it will then be followed by a period of rapid growth to 27% in 2033 (Census and Statistics Department, 2004). Concomitant to the rise in elderly population, the demand for community and residential services that meet their specific needs is also expected to increase. The success of meeting these needs depend on the cooperation of various parties: individuals, …

The Elderly In Empty Nests : China’S Challenge, Kong Wei

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

China has the largest elderly population in the world. At present, the older population aged 60 and above is close to 145 million while US had about 46 million people aged 60 or older (U.S. Census Bureau 2001). The older population in China made up about 10.2 percent of the total, with an annual growth of 3%. It is projected that by the middle of this century the figure will reach 400 million. Along with this increase, the number of elderly in empty nests is projected to soar. Among these empty nesters, many are weak and disadvantaged, insecure, unable to …

Life-Long Learning Among The Elderly In Hong Kong : The Experience Of Caritas Evergreen College, Hong Kong, Siu Ching, Selina Lo

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

The dynamism in the society we live today has demanded a new approach to life in the dawn of a knowledge society which permeates the entire globe including Hong Kong. The knowledge society has been driven by the advancement in the information communication technology (ICT) in particular which demands new skills and hence is seen as an obstacle to the elderly even in their daily living functions. At the most basic level of daily life, many products including television and washing machines are today computer-aided or chip-based that requires some minimum knowledge about “buttons” and simple operations in order to …

花花世界：編織鄰里互助網絡及活化下花試驗計劃(第一階段)：下花山村居民需要評估報告, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心, Office Of Service-Learning, Lingnan University 嶺南大學服務研習處

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

「花花世界－編織鄰里互助網絡及活化下花試驗計劃」共分3 個階段進行，

由2009 年9 月開展到2010 年9 月結束，而是次「下花村村居民需要評估計

劃」為計劃之第一階段，期望為整個計劃殿下基礎。

第一階段的目標如下:

(1) 到村實地考察

(2) 以問卷調查的方式，了解村民的需要及生活概況

(3) 繪製村民房屋分佈圖

(4) 建立住戶資料庫

Elderly Participation And Empowerment : Experiences Of Sage, Kam Lee Lam, Sau Lai, Teresa Lee

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

The Hong Kong Society for the Age (SAGE) established in 1977 is one of the well-known Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in responding to the rapid growing elderly population and the welfare needs of the senior in Hong Kong. Its services include Care and Attention Home, Elderly Hostels, Elderly Centres, Day Care Centres, Home Care Service. etc. The mission of SAGE is to ensure the elderly to have dignity and reasonable comfort in their old age. In 2008, SAGE aims to provide distinctive services to the elderly, i.e. elderly participation and empowerment (Homepage of Sage: http://www.sage.org.hk/eng/ideal.htm). This paper focuses how Sage …

Hong Kong Happiness Index 2009 香港快樂指數 2009, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

According to the survey, Hong Kong people in 2009 apparently are happier than they were in the previous year, with the overall happiness index rose to 70.6 in 2009, up from 69.3 in 2008. This is the second year in a row marked by a rise in the Lingnan Happiness Index.

The survey was conducted by CPPS from 9-13 November 2009 via randomized phone calls, and sponsored by the University’s Economics Department Master of Science in International Banking and Finance Programme. The research team successfully interviewed 828 Hong Kong residents aged 21 or above. On a scale of 0 to …

Intergeneration Perception Toward Happiness In Elderly Life, Yue, Natale Cheung, Chi Wai, Jackie Chan

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

According to the latest statistics released by the Census and Statistics Department, the Hong Kong population aged 65 and over was 829,300 at the end of 2004. The number of persons aged 65 or older is projected to increase by 17.9% to 978,000, representing 13.2% of population in 2013. This increase in the number and proportion of elderly will intensify the challenges of ageing, which will put further pressure on the government and the society at large. In response to Hong Kong's rapid aging population and in line with the concept of active and successful ageing, the question of how …

Elderly Participation : My Experience As A Retiree, Fan Chun, Peter Tsang

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

Adaptation to life after retirement can be a challenge. In spite of being psychologically prepared, retirees often experience the feelings of idleness and restlessness. In order to be able to adapt, retirees must learn how to make their life more enjoyable and meaningful. Based on my experience, I suggest volunteering which is meaningful to the individual, family and the community at large. Volunteering can also result in personal growth as it is not only a process of giving but also learning as well. In this paper, I would like to share five of the most essential “ingredients” that would make …

An Evaluation Study On The Elderly Housing Initiative In Hong Kong, Cheung Ming, Alfred Chan, Kam Wing, Kevin Cheung

APIAS Working Paper 工作論文

The Hong Kong Housing Society (HKHS) of the Hong Kong Government launched the Senior Citizen Residence Scheme (SEN) in 2001 to provide housing units for the middle-class elders aged 60 and above, who have pre-set limits of asset and guaranteed income (Hong Kong Housing Society, n.d.). As a result, two public estates came into operation one year after in 2002. At present, a total of about 800 elders live in these two estates. The present study is under the auspices of the HKHS to evaluate the satisfaction of the residents in the two estates, to make recommendations on the improvement …

Hong Kong Happiness Index 2008 香港快樂指數 2008, Lok Sang Ho

Hong Kong Happiness Index 香港快樂指數調查

Surprisingly Hong Kong people in 2008 apparently are happier compared with the previous year, despite the Financial Market Tsunami. The overall happiness index, according to a survey conducted by the Lingnan University's Centre for Public Policy Studies (CPPS) over 20-24 October 2008 via randomized phone calls, rose to 69.3 in 2008. This is as compared to 67.2 in 2007.

The research team successfully interviewed 823 Hong Kong residents aged 21 or above. On a scale of 0 to 100, an index above 50 suggests that people are happy. An index below 50 suggests unhappiness.

The rise of the 2008 happiness …