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Articles 1 - 30 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Criminology
Predicting Patriarchy: Using Individual And Contextual Factors To Examine Patriarchal Endorsement In Communities, Courtney A. Crittenden, Emily M. Wright
Predicting Patriarchy: Using Individual And Contextual Factors To Examine Patriarchal Endorsement In Communities, Courtney A. Crittenden, Emily M. Wright
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
In much feminist literature, patriarchy has often been studied as a predictive variable for attitudes toward or acts of violence against women. However, rarely has patriarchy been examined as an outcome across studies. The current study works toward filling this gap by examining several individual-and neighborhood-level factors that might influence patriarchy. Specifically, this research seeks to determine if neighborhood-level attributes related to socioeconomic status, family composition, and demographic information affect patriarchal views after individual-level correlates of patriarchy were controlled. Findings suggest that factors at both the individual- and neighborhood levels, particularly familial characteristics and dynamics, do influence the endorsement of …
Gender-Responsive Lessons Learned And Policy Implications For Women In Prison: A Review, Emily M. Wright, Patricia Van Voorhis, Emily J. Salisbury, Ashley Bauman
Gender-Responsive Lessons Learned And Policy Implications For Women In Prison: A Review, Emily M. Wright, Patricia Van Voorhis, Emily J. Salisbury, Ashley Bauman
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
The authors review evidence of gender-responsive factors for women in prisons. Some gender-responsive needs function as risk factors in prison settings and contribute to women’s maladjustment to prison; guided by these findings, the authors outline ways in which prison management, staff members, and programming can better serve female prisoners by being more gender informed. The authors suggest that prisons provide treatment and programming services aimed at reducing women’s criminogenic need factors, use gendered assessments to place women into appropriate interventions and to appropriately plan for women’s successful reentry into the community, and train staff members to be gender responsive.
Examining Crime Among College-Aged Christians: Are Christian Religious Beliefs Associated With Low Levels Of Criminal Activity?, Paul Rickert
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this correlational study into crime among college-aged Christians in the United States is to determine if indicating higher levels of Christian spiritual growth is associated with lower levels of criminal behavior. A convenience sample of college aged Christians was given an online survey to measure self-reported criminality measured by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports Part I and Part II and self-reported religious convictions as measured by Bufford et al.'s Christ-like Spiritual Growth Scale. This quantitative study then analyzed data generated from 57 respondents and found that reporting higher rates of Christ-like …
The Relationship Between Social Support And Intimate Partner Violence In Neighborhood Context, Emily M. Wright
The Relationship Between Social Support And Intimate Partner Violence In Neighborhood Context, Emily M. Wright
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Social support has been recognized as a protective factor associated with reduced intimate partner violence (IPV). A question that few studies have examined, however, is whether the effectiveness of social support on IPV is conditioned by the neighborhood in which it occurs. This study investigated whether the separate effects of support from friends and family members on partner violence were conditioned by neighborhood disadvantage. Results indicated that social support from family significantly reduced the prevalence and frequency of IPV, whereas support from friends was associated with higher frequencies of partner violence. Importantly, the effects of social support were contextualized by …
Chaid Analysis Of Drug-Related Police Corruption Arrests, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach, Steven L. Brewer, Hans Schmalzried, Brooke E. Mathna, Krista L. Long
Chaid Analysis Of Drug-Related Police Corruption Arrests, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach, Steven L. Brewer, Hans Schmalzried, Brooke E. Mathna, Krista L. Long
Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Purpose- The purpose of the study is to provide empirical data on cases of drug-related police corruption. The study identifies and describes incidents in which police officers were arrested for criminal offenses associated with drug-related corruption.
Design/methodology/approach- The study is a quantitative content analysis of news articles identified through the Google News search engine using 48 automated Google Alerts queries. Statistical analyses include classification trees to examine casual pathways between drugs and corruption.
Findings- Data are analyzed on 221 drug-related arrest cases of officers employed by police agencies throughout the United States. Findings show that drug-related corruption involves a wide …
Drunk Driving Cops: A Study Of Police Officers Arrested 2005-2010, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach, Natalie E. Todak, Steven L. Brewer
Drunk Driving Cops: A Study Of Police Officers Arrested 2005-2010, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach, Natalie E. Todak, Steven L. Brewer
Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Police officers are generally exempt from law enforcement (Reiss, 1971) and it is widely known that police officers who drive drunk are rarely arrested, even when they are pulled over in a traffic stop for driving drunk. Using data from a larger study on police crime arrests, this is an exploratory study of 763 cases from years 2005-2010 of on- and off-duty police officers arrested for driving under the influence (DUI). The officers arrested for DUI were employed by nonfederal law enforcement agencies located in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Preliminary findings indicate that almost half of …
The Effect Of Private Police On Crime: Evidence From A Geographic Regression Discontinuity Design, John M. Macdonald, Jonathan Klick, Ben Grunwald
The Effect Of Private Police On Crime: Evidence From A Geographic Regression Discontinuity Design, John M. Macdonald, Jonathan Klick, Ben Grunwald
All Faculty Scholarship
Research demonstrates that police reduce crime. The implication of this research for investment in a particular form of extra police services, those provided by private institutions, has not been rigorously examined. We capitalize on the discontinuity in police force size at the geographic boundary of a private university police department to estimate the effect of the extra police services on crime. Extra police provided by the university generate approximately 45-60 percent fewer crimes in the surrounding neighborhood. These effects appear to be similar to other estimates in the literature.
Cyberbullying Among 11,700 Elementary School Students, 2010-2012, Elizabeth Englander
Cyberbullying Among 11,700 Elementary School Students, 2010-2012, Elizabeth Englander
MARC Research Reports
Study: 11,700+ Third-, Fourth- and Fifth-Graders, sampled in New England from a variety of schools (representing a variety of socioeconomic classes), between January 2010 and September, 2012. Study presented on November 6, 2012 at the International Bullying Prevention Association Annual Conference, Kansas City, MO.
Racial/Ethnic Differences In The Relationship Between Neighborhood Disadvantage And Adolescent Substance Use, Abigail A. Fagan, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pinchevsky
Racial/Ethnic Differences In The Relationship Between Neighborhood Disadvantage And Adolescent Substance Use, Abigail A. Fagan, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pinchevsky
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Although social disorganization theory hypothesizes that neighborhood characteristics influence youth delinquency, the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent substance use and racial/ethnic differences in this relationship have not been widely investigated. The present study examines these issues using longitudinal data from 1,856 African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian adolescents participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). The results indicated that neighborhood disadvantage did not significantly increase the likelihood of substance use for the full sample. When relationships were analyzed by race/ethnicity, one significant (p ≤ .10) effect was found; disadvantage increased alcohol use among African Americans …
Cj Times Volume 7, Issue 1, Department Of Criminal Justice
Cj Times Volume 7, Issue 1, Department Of Criminal Justice
CJ Times (Newsletter)
No abstract provided.
Violence Is Not A Virus, But It Is Transmitted, Roberto Hugh Potter
Violence Is Not A Virus, But It Is Transmitted, Roberto Hugh Potter
UCF Forum
Recent mass shootings have again brought out the "violence is a disease" crowd. Their thinking is that if we reduce the availability of firearms, we will decrease violence.
Juvenile Delinquency: An Investigation Of Risk Factors And Solutions., Lauren Cardoso
Juvenile Delinquency: An Investigation Of Risk Factors And Solutions., Lauren Cardoso
Pell Scholars and Senior Theses
This article proposes that educational and community based programs can help juveniles stay away from crime and prevent recidivism. A presentation of federal and state statistics, along with an analysis of the risk factors for delinquency, will be provided in order to illustrate the important areas that should be addressed in successful programs. Testimonies, including personal interviews with those who have experience working at the RI Training School, DCYF, Boys' Town, Child and Family Services will be shared as evidence of the research found. Finally, recommendations based on the findings will be proposed.
Cornette, Elmer (Sc 491), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Cornette, Elmer (Sc 491), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 491. Typed copy of biographical sketches of Albert and Charles Wing of Greenville, Kentucky, written by Elmer Cornette, and a letter to Elizabeth Coombs of the Kentucky Library.
Hagerman, Henry Thomas, 1862-1935 (Sc 443), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Hagerman, Henry Thomas, 1862-1935 (Sc 443), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 443. Legal papers setting the execution date of Jim Buckner, African American, Marion County, Kentucky, as 9 June 1911, and stay of execution by Acting Governor William Hopkinson Cox until 8 July 1911, because of the incompletion of the installation of the electrocution apparatus. Henry Thomas Hagerman, warden of Kentucky Penitentiary, Eddyville, attested to Buckner’s death.
Predictive Policing: A Review Of The Literature, Portland State University. Criminology And Criminal Justice Senior Capstone
Predictive Policing: A Review Of The Literature, Portland State University. Criminology And Criminal Justice Senior Capstone
Criminology and Criminal Justice Senior Capstone Project
Improving knowledge of crime and crime causation is an important focus for many law enforcement agencies. Many believe such knowledge can be used to predict crime and criminal behavior. Predictive policing is one of a variety of strategies developed by law enforcement personnel and researchers. The practice of law enforcement is frequently reactive, in nature, where police officers respond to crimes after they have been committed. In an effort to prevent future crimes, however, those with an interest in prevention have also added the strategy of proactive policing, where information and advanced analyses are added to their repertoire of approaches. …
The Greek Crisis As Racketeering And Organized Crime, Despina Lalaki
The Greek Crisis As Racketeering And Organized Crime, Despina Lalaki
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Is The Punishment More Certain? An Analysis Of Cctv Detections And Enforcement, Eric L. Piza, Joel M. Caplan, Leslie W. Kennedy
Is The Punishment More Certain? An Analysis Of Cctv Detections And Enforcement, Eric L. Piza, Joel M. Caplan, Leslie W. Kennedy
Publications and Research
The primary preventive mechanism of CCTV is considered to be deterrence. However, the relationship between CCTV and deterrence has been left impli- cit. Empirical research has yet to directly test whether CCTV increases the certainty of punishment, a key component of the deterrence doctrine. This study analyzes CCTV’s relation to punishment certainty in Newark, NJ. Across eight crime categories, CCTV and 9-1-1 calls-for-service case processing times and enforcement rates are compared through Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s Exact tests, respectively, with a Holm-Bonferroni procedure correcting for multiple comparisons. ANOVA and negative binomial regression models further analyze the frequency of CCTV activity …
Digital Self-Harm: Frequency, Type, Motivations, And Outcomes, Elizabeth Englander
Digital Self-Harm: Frequency, Type, Motivations, And Outcomes, Elizabeth Englander
MARC Research Reports
This report describes research conducted in 2011 and 2012 on 617 subjects, 10% of whom reported self-cyberbullying. The report details the frequency of self-cyberbullying in boys versus girls (17% versus 8%) and the frequency of the incidents in questions. The data also reveals some of the characteristics of self‐cyberbullies, their motivations for digital self-harm and the relative success of the tactic.
Life Without Parole Under Modern Theories Of Punishment, Paul H. Robinson
Life Without Parole Under Modern Theories Of Punishment, Paul H. Robinson
All Faculty Scholarship
Life without parole seems an attractive and logical punishment under the modern coercive crime-control principles of general deterrence and incapacitation, a point reinforced by its common use under habitual offender statutes like "three strikes." Yet, there is increasing evidence to doubt the efficacy of using such principles to distributive punishment. The prerequisite conditions for effective general deterrence are the exception rather than the rule. Moreover, effective and fair preventive detention is difficult when attempted through the criminal justice system. If we really are committed to preventive detention, it is better for both society and potential detainees that it be done …
The Human Experiment In Treatment: A Means To The End Of Offender Recidivism, Doris Layton Mackenzie, Gaylene S. Armstrong
The Human Experiment In Treatment: A Means To The End Of Offender Recidivism, Doris Layton Mackenzie, Gaylene S. Armstrong
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
This chapter highlights the role that high-quality evaluations, especially randomized experiments, and rigorous techniques of research synthesis (which include high-quality evaluations) have played in recent years in drawing attention to the importance and effectiveness of correctional treatment for offenders as well as the ineffectiveness of many popular “get tough” programs.
Environmental Justice & Sociology, Brenna E. Regan
Environmental Justice & Sociology, Brenna E. Regan
Honors Scholar Theses
This thesis compared the patterns influencing the creation of Native American reservations and the prison industrial complex in the United States. I argue that the country is controlled by people who create a physical and socio-political environment that caters to their certain positionality, adversely effecting and pushing marginalized groups into confined, controlled spaces in their own home. Ultimately, environmental justice, or equal control of people over their environment, is a vital factor in ending structural and physical violence against marginalized groups in the United States.
Recidivism Rates Of Committed Youth, 2006 - 2009, Becky Noreus, Robyn Dumont
Recidivism Rates Of Committed Youth, 2006 - 2009, Becky Noreus, Robyn Dumont
Justice Policy
The Maine Department of Corrections (MDOC) Division of Juvenile Services (DJS) collaborates with the Muskie School of Public Service in a state‐university partnership to analyze juvenile recidivism rates. DJS measures juvenile justice outcomes to guide policy and program development geared toward recidivism reduction. Reduction of youth recidivism in Maine increases public safety.
This report uses multiple recidivism measures: re‐arrest, re‐adjudication/conviction, and recommitment. To be consistent with other reports, most analysis focuses on re‐adjudication/conviction.
This report measures DJS impact on youth who have been committed to a MDOC facility by examining rates of recidivism.
A Failing Correctional System: State Prison Overcrowding In The United States, Susan M. Campers
A Failing Correctional System: State Prison Overcrowding In The United States, Susan M. Campers
Pell Scholars and Senior Theses
State prison overcrowding has grown into a detrimental problem within our American penal system, such that after decades of being ignored by politicians, media outlets, and the lower court system, it has resulted in an ineffective and overcrowded correctional system that craves reformation.
Motivational Interviewing, Gaylene Armstrong
Motivational Interviewing, Gaylene Armstrong
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Community-Oriented Policing Strategies When Handling Nonviolent Drug Offenders, Michael J. Layle
Community-Oriented Policing Strategies When Handling Nonviolent Drug Offenders, Michael J. Layle
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In this study, I analyze the responses of police officers to questions regarding their involvement in the use of Community-Oriented Policing strategies. When the officer encounters a drug offender they must decide how to deal with the situation. There are a variety of trained responses and policies available. The data is grouped into nine variables; time in law enforcement, time in department, perceived support, perceived barriers, COP strategy, COP action, prevention, help, and citation. The data is then analyzed using structural equation modeling.
The Protective Factors And Life Outcomes Of Youth Exposed To Community Violence, Patricia Bamwine
The Protective Factors And Life Outcomes Of Youth Exposed To Community Violence, Patricia Bamwine
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
There is an increasing interest in the life outcomes of youth that are exposed to community violence. Previous research has found that community violence has a direct effect on youth development. It has also shown that there are economic costs for communities that have high levels of community violence. Thus far, the literature on youth in these areas has focused on protective factors such as school connectedness, family connectedness, religion and positive life outcomes. There is little research on the affects of mentoring on life outcomes for individuals that were exposed to community violence during adolescence. This study explores mentoring …
Gender, Social Bond, And Academic Cheating In Japan, Emiko Kobayashi, Miyuki Fukushima
Gender, Social Bond, And Academic Cheating In Japan, Emiko Kobayashi, Miyuki Fukushima
Sociology & Criminology Faculty Publications
There is evidence that females are less likely to cheat than males on college campuses. A frequently offered but still untested explanation is that females, with a stronger sense of responsibility for the maintenance of social relationships, tend to develop a stronger bond to a conventional society—a key explanatory concept in Hirschi’s (1969) social control theory. With academic cheating as the dependent variable, we test the hypotheses that the four elements of social bond are the intervening variables linking gender to such dishonesty among Japanese students who, due to their stronger orientation toward masculinity on Hofstede’s (1980) scale of gender …
Perceived Job Readiness Among The Previously Incarcerated, Amy Audet
Perceived Job Readiness Among The Previously Incarcerated, Amy Audet
Honors Projects
This study aims to determine the primary factor in employment readiness for previously incarcerated individuals. Ex offenders were were surveyed for job readiness using a scale developed in the studies' literature review. This scale emcompasses factors such as skills, knowledge, confidence and goals. Surveys were also done according to age, age of first incarceration, incarceration history and job training history. Because this population is marginalized, this study may bring new awareness about the effects of employer discrimination and the need for future programs to increase job readiness among the previously incarcerated individuals.
Is Emerging Adulthood Influencing Moffitt’S Developmental Taxonomy? Adding The “Prolonged” Adolescent Offender, Christopher Salvatore, Travis A. Taniguchi, Wayne Welsh
Is Emerging Adulthood Influencing Moffitt’S Developmental Taxonomy? Adding The “Prolonged” Adolescent Offender, Christopher Salvatore, Travis A. Taniguchi, Wayne Welsh
Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The study of offender trajectories has been a prolific area of criminological research. However, few studies have incorporated the influence of emerging adulthood, a recently identified stage of the life course, on offending trajectories. The present study addressed this shortcoming by introducing the "prolonged adolescent" offender, a low-level offender between the ages of 18 and 25 that has failed to successfully transition into adult social roles. A theoretical background based on prior research in life-course criminology and emerging adulthood is presented. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health analyses examined the relationship between indicators of traditional turning …
Biased Visual Attention To Out-Group Members' Skin Tone Does Not Lead To Discriminatory Behavior, Sathiarith Chau
Biased Visual Attention To Out-Group Members' Skin Tone Does Not Lead To Discriminatory Behavior, Sathiarith Chau
Honors Projects
According to the racial phenotype theory, the extent to which members resemble or depart from the physical prototype of a particular race will determine how strongly the perceiver associates them with preconceived racial stereotypes. For Blacks, skin color was predicted to be a primary feature attended to and those with dark skin were more negatively stereotyped. The current study aimed to explicitly measure visual attention during judgment of faces through the use of eye-tracking. Past methodologies measuring the attention to skin tone and its relationship to stereotype judgment were not directly measured. The study used a mixed model design: Label …