Community-Based Research Commons^™

Health Facility Assessment Of Small And Sick Newborn Care In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Tool Development And Operationalisation With Nest360 And Unicef, Rebecca Penzias, Christine Bohne, Samuel K. Ngwala, Evelyn Zimba, Norman Lufesi, Ekran Rashid, Edith Gicheha, Opeyemi Odedere, Olabisi Dosunmu, Robert Tillya

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Each year an estimated 2.3 million newborns die in the frst 28 days of life. Most of these deaths are pre‑ ventable, and high-quality neonatal care is fundamental for surviving and thriving. Service readiness is used to assess the capacity of hospitals to provide care, but current health facility assessment (HFA) tools do not fully evaluate inpa‑ tient small and sick newborn care (SSNC).

Methods: Health systems ingredients for SSNC were identifed from international guidelines, notably World Health Organization (WHO), and other standards for SSNC. Existing global and national service readiness tools were identifed and mapped against this ingredients …

Development And Validation Of A Questionnaire To Explore Teachers’ Knowledge About The Nature Of Mathematics The Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics, Munira Amirali

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Investigating teachers’ knowledge about the nature of mathematics and their viewpoints about the teaching and learning of mathematics is important as it has a great influence on what they do in classrooms. This paper describes the two phases of the development and validation process of an instrument named as Mathematics Teacher Survey Questionnaire (MTSQ) developed to determine Pakistani teachers’ knowledge about the nature of mathematics, its influence on their viewpoints about the teaching and learning of mathematics. Phase one includes item writing, item analysis and item administration whereas phase two includes the tool validation process using Cronbach’s alpha and content …

"Women Are Again Unsafe": Preventing Violence And Poor Maternal Outcomes During Current Floods In Pakistan, Sarmad Muhammad Soomar, Abir Arefin, Salman Muhammad Soomar

School of Nursing & Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Heterogeneity In The Prevalence Of Premature Hypertension Among Asian American Populations Compared With White Individuals: A National Health Interview Survey Study, Sina Kianoush, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Anwar T. Merchant, Xiaoming Jia, Zainab Samad, Aneil Bhalla, Ayesha Khan, Dongshan Zhu, Salim S. Virani

Section of Cardiology

Background: Differences in prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension may explain heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk across Asian American populations.
Methods: We used National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2006 to 2018 among White, Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, and 'other Asians' (Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals were reported using logistic regression models for the association between race and self-reported premature hypertension (age old). Models were adjusted for sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, and coronary heart disease.
Results: We studied 99,864 participants with history of hypertension (mean age, …

Publication Dynamics: What Can Be Done To Eliminate Barriers To Publishing Full Manuscripts By The Postgraduate Trainees Of A Low-Middle Income Country?, Hafsa Majid, Lena Jafri, Sibtain Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Abid, Mohammad Aamir, Aamir Ijaz, Aysha Habib Khan, Imran Siddiqui

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the publication rate of free paper abstracts presented by the postgraduate (PG) trainees and determine the reasons for non-publication. A mixed methods study was conducted. PG trainees presenting free papers at the at the Pakistan Society of Chemical Pathologist conferences from 2012 to 2018 were included. Three databases were searched to identify if the abstracts were published or not. The PG trainee authors of abstracts not published as full manuscript, were surveyed to determine the barriers and challenges in publishing a manuscript.
Results: The average rate of full manuscript publication was 51.8% (n = …

Promoting Labour Migrant Health Equity Through Action On The Structural Determinants: A Systematic Review, Mireille Evagora-Campbell, Aysha Zahidie, Kent Buse, Fauziah Rabbani, Sarah Hawkes

Community Health Sciences

Background: Labour migrants, who represent over sixty per cent of international migrants globally, frequently have poorer health status than the population of host countries. These health inequities are determined in a large part by structural drivers including political, commercial, economic, normative and social factors, including living and working conditions. Achieving health equity for migrant workers requires structural-level interventions to address these determinants.
Methods: We undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature designed to answer the question "what is the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to address the structural determinants of health for labour migrants?" using the Ovid Medline electronic …

Global Health Research Funding Applications: Brain Drain Under Another Name?, Abebe Bekele, Lucia D'Ambruoso, Justine I. Davies, Eduardo Ferriolli, Carolyn Greig, Semira Manaseki Holland, Denis Regnier, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Spatiotemporal Variation And Socioeconomic Factors Of Financial Hardships Of Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditure In Pakistan, Muhammad Ashar Malik, Iqbal Azam Syed, Amir Khan, Faisal Rifaq, Kinza Chaudhary

Community Health Sciences

Background: Financial hardships of out-of-pocket health expenditure (OPHE) is a growing concern for health policy makers in many low and middle-income countries. Spatiotemporal variation between Pakistan's four provinces over 2001-2015 is discussed, which would help comparing existing health services delivery and financial risk protection plans.
Aims: In this paper, we estimate financial hardship of OPHE in Pakistan.
Methods: We use the data sets of the household integrated economic surveys 2001-02, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16. We estimate OPHE share in household total and non-subsistence expenditure, catastrophic headcount at the threshold of OPHE ≥ 10% of total expenditure or OPHE ≥ 25% …

Obligations Under Global Health Partnerships In Lmics Should Be Contractual, Bolajoko Olusanya, Robert Opoka

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

No abstract provided.

Should Research Fraud Be A Crime?, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Julian Crane

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Hiv/Aids Among Adult Fishermen In Coastal Areas Of Karachi., Mubashir Zafar, Nighat Nisar, Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi, Zeeshan Ahmed, Kashif Shafique

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

Migrant populations are at high risk of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus infection (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among fishermen in developing countries have shown gaps in knowledge and fear of contagion with ambivalent attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and inconsistent universal precautions adherence. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among adult fishermen in a coastal area of Karachi, Pakistan.

METHODS:

Community based cross sectional study was conducted among fishermen in coastal area of Karachi from June to September 2012. A total of 297 adult …

An Overview Of The Predictors Of Depression Among Adult Pakistani Women, Aysha Zahidie, Tanzil Jamali

Community Health Sciences

Diseases of women that are due to their gender specific roles and responsibilities result from cultural and social factors prevalent in the environs. World Health Organization has put special emphasis on research need regarding gender related factors for diseases disproportionately affecting women in developing countries. The objective of this write up was to determine the prevalence of depression and the associated risk factors among adult women in Pakistan. PubMed was searched using key words depression, risk factors, women and Pakistan. Out of 20 initially retrieved articles, 12 were directly related to depression and its risk factors among Pakistani women within …