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Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies
Organizing Online Computation For Adaptive Micro Open Education Resource Recommendation, Geng Sun, Tingru Cui, Ghassan Beydoun, Shiping Chen, Dongming Xu, Jun Shen
Organizing Online Computation For Adaptive Micro Open Education Resource Recommendation, Geng Sun, Tingru Cui, Ghassan Beydoun, Shiping Chen, Dongming Xu, Jun Shen
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B
Our previous work, Micro Learning as a Service (MLaaS), aimed to deliver adaptive micro open education resources (OERs). However, relying solely on the offline computation, the recommendation lacks rationality and timeliness. It is also difficult to make the first recommendation to a new learner. In this paper we introduce the organization of the online computation of the MLaaS. It targets at solving the cold start problem due to the shortage of learner information and real-time updates of the learner-micro OER profile
Computer Science Education At The Claremont Colleges: The Building Of An Intuition, Lauren Burke
Computer Science Education At The Claremont Colleges: The Building Of An Intuition, Lauren Burke
Scripps Senior Theses
In this thesis, I discuss how the undergraduate computer scientist is trained, and how they learn what I am calling computational intuition. Computational intuition describes the methodology in which computer scientists approach their problems and solve them through the use of computers. Computational intuition is a series of skills and a way of thinking or approaching problems that students learn throughout their education. The main way that computational intuition is taught to students is through the experience they gain as they work on homework and classwork problems. To develop computational intuition, students learn explicit knowledge and techniques as well as …
The Instructional Information Processing Account Of Digital Computation, Nir Fresco, Marty J. Wolf
The Instructional Information Processing Account Of Digital Computation, Nir Fresco, Marty J. Wolf
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
What is nontrivial digital computation?It is the processing of discrete data through discrete state transitions in accordance with finite instructional information. The motivation for our account is that many previous attempts to answer this question are inadequate, and also that this account accords with the common intuition that digital computation is a type of information processing. We use the notion of reachability in a graph to defend this characterization in memory-based systems and underscore the importance of instructional information for digital computation. We argue that our account evaluates positively against adequacy criteria for accounts of computation.
A Critical Survey Of Some Competing Accounts Of Concrete Digital Computation, Nir Fresco
A Critical Survey Of Some Competing Accounts Of Concrete Digital Computation, Nir Fresco
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper deals with the question: what are the key requirements for a physical system to perform digital computation? Oftentimes, cognitive scientists are quick to employ the notion of computation simpliciter when asserting basically that cognitive activities are computational. They employ this notion as if there is a consensus on just what it takes for a physical system to compute. Some cognitive scientists in referring to digital computation simply adhere to Turing computability. But if cognition is indeed computational, then it is concrete computation that is required for explaining cognition as an embodied phenomenon. Three accounts of computation are examined …
Information Processing As An Account Of Concrete Digital Computation, Nir Fresco
Information Processing As An Account Of Concrete Digital Computation, Nir Fresco
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
It is common in cognitive science to equate computation (and in particular digital computation) with information processing. Yet, it is hard to find a comprehensive explicit account of concrete digital computation in information processing terms. An information processing account seems like a natural candidate to explain digital computation. But when 'information' comes under scrutiny, this account becomes a less obvious candidate. Four interpretations of information are examined here as the basis for an information processing account of digital computation, namely Shannon information, algorithmic information, factual information and instructional information. I argue that any plausible account of concrete computation has to …
The Explanatory Role Of Computation In Cognitive Science, Nir Fresco
The Explanatory Role Of Computation In Cognitive Science, Nir Fresco
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Which notion of computation (if any) is essential for explaining cognition? Five answers to this question are discussed in the paper. (1) The classicist answer: symbolic (digital) computation is required for explaining cognition; (2) The broad digital computationalist answer: digital computation broadly construed is required for explaining cognition; (3) The connectionist answer: subsymbolic computation is required for explaining cognition; (4) The computational neuroscientist answer: neural computation (that, strictly, is neither digital nor analogue) is required for explaining cognition; (5) The extreme dynamicist answer: computation is not required for explaining cognition. The first four answers are only accurate to a first …
Digital Computation As Information Processing, Nir Fresco
Digital Computation As Information Processing, Nir Fresco
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
It is common in cognitive science to equate computation (in particular digital computation) with information processing. Yet, it is hard to find a comprehensive explicit account of concrete digital computation in information processing terms. An Information Processing account seems like a natural candidate to explain digital computation. After all, digital computers traffic in data. But when 'information' comes under scrutiny, this account becomes a less obvious candidate. 'Information' may be interpreted semantically or nonsemantically, and its interpretation has direct implications for Information Processing as an objective account of digital computation. This paper deals with the implications of these interpretations for …
Concrete Digital Computation: What Does It Take For A Physical System To Compute?, Nir Fresco
Concrete Digital Computation: What Does It Take For A Physical System To Compute?, Nir Fresco
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper deals with the question: what are the key requirements for a physical system to perform digital computation? Time and again cognitive scientists are quick to employ the notion of computation simpliciter when asserting basically that cognitive activities are computational. They employ this notion as if there was or is a consensus on just what it takes for a physical system to perform computation, and in particular digital computation. Some cognitive scientists in referring to digital computation simply adhere to Turing's notion of computability. Classical computability theory studies what functions on the natural numbers are computable and what mathematical …
An Analysis Of The Criteria For Evaluating Adequate Theories Of Computation, Nir Fresco
An Analysis Of The Criteria For Evaluating Adequate Theories Of Computation, Nir Fresco
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper deals with the question: What are the criteria that an adequate theory of computation has to meet? (1) Smith's answer: it has to meet the empirical criterion (i.e. doing justice to computational practice), the conceptual criterion (i.e. explaining all the underlying concepts) and the cognitive criterion (i.e. providing solid grounds for computationalism). (2) Piccinini's answer: it has to meet the objectivity criterion (i.e. identifying computation as a matter of fact), the explanation criterion (i.e. explaining the computer's behaviour), the right things compute criterion, the miscomputation criterion (i.e. accounting for malfunctions), the taxonomy criterion (i.e. distinguishing between different classes …