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Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies

Your Data Primer, Michael J. Paulus Jr. Oct 2019

Your Data Primer, Michael J. Paulus Jr.

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

In their recent book Tools and Weapons, Brad Smith and Carol Ann Browne describe the 2018 Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal as a Three Mile Island moment for data stewardship. After years of sharing personal data without much thought about how it might be used or abused, the public is now becoming more aware of the need for clearer responsibilities and rights related to the collection, processing, and dissemination of personal information. “Data has always been important to society,” Smith and Browne point out, but “it has never played the role it does today … every aspect of human life is …

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Artificial Intelligence And The Apocalyptic Imagination: The Ends Of Divine, Natural, And Artificial Agency, Michael J. Paulus Jr. Jul 2019

Artificial Intelligence And The Apocalyptic Imagination: The Ends Of Divine, Natural, And Artificial Agency, Michael J. Paulus Jr.

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

New information and communication technologies (ICTs) are reshaping our lives and the environments in which we live to such an extent that philosopher Luciano Floridi claims we are living through an information revolution. ICTs are changing our self-understanding, how we relate to each other, and how we understand our role in the world. At the center of this revolution is the advent of auto­mated information processing and intelligent systems.

These technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) raise questions about data collection, algorithmic agency, and the future of every dimension of life. They also inspire a range of hopes and fears. Some …

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The Age Of The Library, Michael J. Paulus Jr. May 2019

The Age Of The Library, Michael J. Paulus Jr.

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

In 2018, the Seattle Pacific University Library launched a minor in Information Studies. This multidisciplinary program explores the dynamic relationships between information, technology, and people and how our lives are changing in our emerging information and technological environment. Why would a library create such a program, and what does it reveal about the present and future role of the library?

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From The City To The Cloud: Charles Williams’S Image Of The City As An Affirmation Of Artificial Intelligence, Michael J. Paulus Jr. Mar 2019

From The City To The Cloud: Charles Williams’S Image Of The City As An Affirmation Of Artificial Intelligence, Michael J. Paulus Jr.

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

A number of Christian intellectuals who lived through the twentieth century had a deep distrust of technological innovation. Charles Williams stands out from among his contemporaries in his affirmation of technology. Jacques Ellul, perhaps the most important critic of the technological society that emerged in the twentieth century, viewed technology as a deformative counter-creation. Williams, however, affirmed technology and technological work as transformative co-creation—as a mean of participating in new creation. This presentation introduces Williams’s apocalyptic view of technology and connects it with current hopes and fears related to artificial intelligence.

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Hagen Et Al. - 2019 - Processes, Potential Benefits, And Limitations Of .Pdf, Loni Hagen Dec 2018

Hagen Et Al. - 2019 - Processes, Potential Benefits, And Limitations Of .Pdf, Loni Hagen

Loni Hagen

As part of the open government movement, an increasing number of 311 call centers have made their datasets available to the public. Studies have found that 311 request patterns are associated with personal attributes and living conditions. Most of these studies used New York City 311 data. In this study, we use 311 data from the City of Miami, a smaller local government, as a case study. This study contributes to digital government research
and practices by making suggestions on best practices regarding the use of big data analytics on 311 data. In addition, we discuss limitations of 311 data …

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Hagen Et Al. - 2019 - Open Data Visualizations And Analytics As Tools Fo.Pdf, Loni Hagen Dec 2018

Hagen Et Al. - 2019 - Open Data Visualizations And Analytics As Tools Fo.Pdf, Loni Hagen

Loni Hagen

Government agencies collect large amounts of structured and unstructured data. Although these data can be used to improve services as well as policy processes, it is not always clear how to analyze the data and how to glean insights for policy making, especially when the data includes large volumes of unstructured text data. This article reports opinions found in “We the People” petition data using topic modeling and visual analytics. It provides an assessment of the usability of the visual analytics results for policy making based on interviews with data professionals and policy makers. We found that visual analytics have …

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A Low-Cost Framework For The Digital Preservation Of Indigenous Artwork And Languages: An Australian Case Study Review, Derani N. Dissanayake, David M. Cook Aug 2018

A Low-Cost Framework For The Digital Preservation Of Indigenous Artwork And Languages: An Australian Case Study Review, Derani N. Dissanayake, David M. Cook

Dr. David M Cook

This study examined a framework for a low-cost, sustainable solution to the challenge of the Indigenous digital preservation of culture in the form of artwork and languages. In a global sense, the traditional transfer of Indigenous culture runs the risk of information loss and inconsistency when Indigenous cultural groups compete alongside mainstream Western cultural systems. Indigenous Australian culture has been passed down through traditional means from old to young, with many works of art, and discrete languages transferred without written, printed or digitised record. The study examines the challenges associated with the process of language and artwork pertaining to Indigenous …

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Digital Reformation.Pdf, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Bruce D. Baker, Mike Langford Oct 2017

Digital Reformation.Pdf, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Bruce D. Baker, Mike Langford

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

Digital information and communication technologies are rapidly changing how we understand our identities and institutions. Five hundred years ago, new printing technologies created conditions that enabled the Protestant reformation and profoundly changed the world. Today, we are in the midst of a digital revolution. But what is being reformed, and what are we reforming? This session will explore the nature of our present information age and the theological questions it raises, touching on theological principles, cultural critiques, and spiritual practices that can help us reflect on digital reformation and transformation.

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University Policy As A Barrier To Sharing Software In Science, Laura Soito Feb 2017

University Policy As A Barrier To Sharing Software In Science, Laura Soito

Laura Soito

Background: From data collection to analysis and the presentation of research results, scientific research relies on software and an increasing number of researchers not only use, but create software as a part of their work. While there is increasing interest in sharing computer programs in an effort to reduce duplicative effort and improve the reproducibility of science, researchers have noted that university policies related to software sharing can be confusing and hard to navigate. In an effort to better understand social and cultural barriers to software sharing in the academic environment, this study benchmarks current academic policy with respect to …

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Tracking Researchers And Their Outputs: New Insights From Orcids, Jan Youtie, Stephen Carley, Alan L. Porter, Philip Shapira Dec 2016

Tracking Researchers And Their Outputs: New Insights From Orcids, Jan Youtie, Stephen Carley, Alan L. Porter, Philip Shapira

Philip Shapira

The ability to accurately identify scholarly authors is central to bibliometric analysis. Efforts to disambiguate author names using algorithms or national or societal registries become less effective with increases in the number of publications from China and other nations where shared and similar names are prevalent. This work analyzes the adoption and integration of an open source, cross-national identification system, the Open Researcher and Contributor ID system (ORCID), in Web of Science metadata. Results at the article level show greater adoption, to date, of the ORCID identifier in Europe as compared with Asia and the US. Focusing analysis on individual highly …

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The Digital Dionysus: Nietzsche & The Network-Centric Condition Dec 2015

The Digital Dionysus: Nietzsche & The Network-Centric Condition

Dan Mellamphy

No abstract provided.

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The Beginning Of Digital Wisdom, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll Jun 2015

The Beginning Of Digital Wisdom, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll

Ryan Ingersoll

Marc Prensky, who popularized the term “digital natives” more than ten years ago, now emphasizes the need for “digital wisdom”: using digital technologies wisely to become wiser. Recent research reveals that so-called digital natives are often “digital naïves”—familiarity with digital technologies does not translate into facility with them. Incoming college students report declining confidence in their computer skills and report very modest improvements by the time they graduate. Employers report deficiencies in the technological skills of college graduates and, perhaps most troubling, studies of youth and young adults show that ethical and moral reasoning does not extend much beyond self-protection. …

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The Beginning Of Digital Wisdom, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll Jun 2015

The Beginning Of Digital Wisdom, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

Marc Prensky, who popularized the term “digital natives” more than ten years ago, now emphasizes the need for “digital wisdom”: using digital technologies wisely to become wiser. Recent research reveals that so-called digital natives are often “digital naïves”—familiarity with digital technologies does not translate into facility with them. Incoming college students report declining confidence in their computer skills and report very modest improvements by the time they graduate. Employers report deficiencies in the technological skills of college graduates and, perhaps most troubling, studies of youth and young adults show that ethical and moral reasoning does not extend much beyond self-protection. …

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Ship Space To Database: Motivations To Manage Research Data For The Deep Subseafloor Biosphere, Peter Darch, Christine Borgman Nov 2014

Ship Space To Database: Motivations To Manage Research Data For The Deep Subseafloor Biosphere, Peter Darch, Christine Borgman

Peter Darch

What motivates the building of databases by scientific collaborations? In this paper, we argue that not only are databases being built to support scientific work per se, but also with the intention of performing a variety of social functions. To explore this, we present findings from a longitudinal ethnographic case study of a large, multidisciplinary, distributed scientific project studying subseafloor microbial life. A critical element of this project’s Data Management Plan is the construction of a data portal. We found a range of factors motivating not only the very construction of this portal, but also the inclusion of particular features. …

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Technology And Power, Michael J. Paulus Jr. Oct 2014

Technology And Power, Michael J. Paulus Jr.

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

No abstract provided.

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Digital Wisdom For A Digital Age: Spirituality And Technology In The 21st Century, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll Sep 2014

Digital Wisdom For A Digital Age: Spirituality And Technology In The 21st Century, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll

Ryan Ingersoll

In 2011, the Seattle Pacific University Library established a new service area for students called the Tech Desk. Initially conceived as a place where students could get help with and access to technologies needed for academic work, this program quickly became an incubator for ideas and innovations around meeting students’ technological needs. In 2014, we surveyed our largely “millennial” undergraduate population to assess the program and explore ways of enhancing it. Results from this survey, which are consistent with other research that complicates the notion of “digital natives,” revealed that our students desire and need help thinking about the role …

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Digital Wisdom For A Digital Age: Spirituality And Technology In The 21st Century, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll Sep 2014

Digital Wisdom For A Digital Age: Spirituality And Technology In The 21st Century, Michael J. Paulus Jr., Ryan Ingersoll

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

In 2011, the Seattle Pacific University Library established a new service area for students called the Tech Desk. Initially conceived as a place where students could get help with and access to technologies needed for academic work, this program quickly became an incubator for ideas and innovations around meeting students’ technological needs. In 2014, we surveyed our largely “millennial” undergraduate population to assess the program and explore ways of enhancing it. Results from this survey, which are consistent with other research that complicates the notion of “digital natives,” revealed that our students desire and need help thinking about the role …

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Unpacking The Matthew Effect In Citations, Jian Wang Mar 2014

Unpacking The Matthew Effect In Citations, Jian Wang

Jian Wang

One problem confronting the use of citation-based metrics in science studies and research evaluations is the Matthew effect. This paper reviews the role of citations in science and decomposes the Matthew effect in citations into three components: networking, prestige, and appropriateness. The networking and prestige effects challenge the validity of citation-based metrics, but the appropriateness effect does not. Using panel data of 1,279 solo-authored papers’ citation histories and fixed effects models, we test these three effects controlling for unobserved paper characteristics. We find no evidence of retroactive networking effect and only weak evidence of prestige effect (very small and not …

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Connecting Research On Social Issues In Nanotechnology: The Center For Nanotechnology In Society At Arizona State University, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira Jan 2014

Connecting Research On Social Issues In Nanotechnology: The Center For Nanotechnology In Society At Arizona State University, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira

Philip Shapira

Central to the emergence of new research topics is the creation of a research network. This paper looks at the creation of a network of researchers of social issues in nanotechnology and the role of the Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University (CNS-ASU) in the creation of this network. While there has been US investment in societal research on nanotechnology, a debate exists about the extent to which a research community has been created through these investments. This paper uses three approaches to examine the extent to which CNS-ASU is associated with the development of a research …

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The Ups And Downs Of Knowledge Infrastructures In Science: Implications For Data Management, Christine Borgman, Peter Darch, Ashley Sands, Jillian Wallis, Sharon Traweek Dec 2013

The Ups And Downs Of Knowledge Infrastructures In Science: Implications For Data Management, Christine Borgman, Peter Darch, Ashley Sands, Jillian Wallis, Sharon Traweek

Peter Darch

The promise of technology-enabled, data-intensive scholarship is predicated upon access to knowledge infrastructures that are not yet in place. Scientific data management requires expertise in the scientific domain and in organizing and retrieving complex research objects. The Knowledge Infrastructures project compares data management activities of four large, distributed, multidisciplinary scientific endeavors as they ramp their activities up or down; two are big science and two are small science. Research questions address digital library solutions, knowledge infrastructure concerns, issues specific to individual domains, and common problems across domains. Findings are based on interviews (n=113 to date), ethnography, and other analyses of …

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Ship Space To Database: Scientific And Social Motivations For A Database To Support Deep Subseafloor Biosphere Research, Peter Darch, Christine L. Borgman Dec 2013

Ship Space To Database: Scientific And Social Motivations For A Database To Support Deep Subseafloor Biosphere Research, Peter Darch, Christine L. Borgman

Christine L. Borgman

What motivates the building of databases by scientific collaborations? In this paper, we argue that not only are databases being built to support scientific work per se, but also with the intention of performing a variety of social functions. To explore this, we present findings from a longitudinal ethnographic case study of a large, multidisciplinary, distributed scientific project studying subseafloor microbial life. A critical element of this project’s Data Management Plan is the construction of a data portal. We found a range of factors motivating not only the very construction of this portal, but also the inclusion of particular features. …

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The Ups And Downs Of Knowledge Infrastructures In Science: Implications For Data Management, Christine L. Borgman, Peter Darch, Ashley E. Sands, Jillian C. Wallis, Sharon Traweek Dec 2013

The Ups And Downs Of Knowledge Infrastructures In Science: Implications For Data Management, Christine L. Borgman, Peter Darch, Ashley E. Sands, Jillian C. Wallis, Sharon Traweek

Christine L. Borgman

The promise of technology-enabled, data-intensive scholarship is predicated upon access to knowledge infrastructures that are not yet in place. Scientific data management requires expertise in the scientific domain and in organizing and retrieving complex research objects. The Knowledge Infrastructures project compares data management activities of four large, distributed, multidisciplinary scientific endeavors as they ramp their activities up or down; two are big science and two are small science. Research questions address digital library solutions, knowledge infrastructure concerns, issues specific to individual domains, and common problems across domains. Findings are based on interviews (n=113 to date), ethnography, and other analyses of …

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A New Hybrid Reality For Libraries, Pin Pin Yeo Sep 2013

A New Hybrid Reality For Libraries, Pin Pin Yeo

YEO Pin Pin

Parag Khanna explored the different trends that have brought us to what he terms the “Hybrid Age”, which is digital, global, and as well as social. Libraries continue to play an important role in this because they are uniquely positioned.

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Participatory Visual & Digital Methods, Aline Gubrium, Krista Harper Apr 2013

Participatory Visual & Digital Methods, Aline Gubrium, Krista Harper

Krista M. Harper

Table of contents and introduction of Participatory Visual and Digital Methods by Aline Gubrium and Krista Harper. Available in paperback, hardcover, and e-book editions from Left Coast Press .

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Mapping Participation Gaps In Wikipedia, Laura Quilter Feb 2013

Mapping Participation Gaps In Wikipedia, Laura Quilter

Laura Quilter

No abstract provided.

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Does "Birds Of A Feather Flock Together" Matter: Evidence From A Longitudinal Study On The Us-China Scientific Collaboration, Li Tang Dec 2012

Does "Birds Of A Feather Flock Together" Matter: Evidence From A Longitudinal Study On The Us-China Scientific Collaboration, Li Tang

Li Tang

No abstract provided.

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Steps Toward A Socio-Technical Categorization Scheme For Communication And Information Standards, Joann Brooks, Anne W. Rawls Jan 2012

Steps Toward A Socio-Technical Categorization Scheme For Communication And Information Standards, Joann Brooks, Anne W. Rawls

JoAnn M. Brooks

Socio-technical systems continue to grow larger and more complex, comprising increasingly significant portions of contemporary society. Yet systematic understanding of interrelationships between social and technological elements remains elusive, even as computers and information systems proliferate. In this paper, we draw on ethnomethodology to distinguish several different kinds of processes through which communication and information are constituted. We discuss the distinctive properties of each in an effort to develop systematic understanding of basic elements of socio-technical systems. In particular, we offer a basic categorization of communication and information standards, noting the constitutive importance of their accompanying social practices. Implications for theory …

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Effects Of International Collaboration And Knowledge Moderation On China’S Nanotechnology Research Impacts, Li Tang, Philip Shapira Dec 2011

Effects Of International Collaboration And Knowledge Moderation On China’S Nanotechnology Research Impacts, Li Tang, Philip Shapira

Li Tang

Purpose – Recent studies report that China is becoming a leading nation in the quantity of scientific

output, including in the emerging field of nanotechnology. In nanotechnology, bibliometric measures

based on citations also indicate improvements in the research impacts of Chinese scientific papers. The

purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of international collaboration, including the role of

knowledge moderation through Chinese researchers who collaborate in both domestic and

international scientific cooperation, on the impacts of Chinese nanotechnology research publications.

Design/methodology/approach – Using a nanotechnology publication dataset, bibliometric

analysis and statistical testing are adopted to explore the issues …

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Visualizing Nanotechnology Research In Canada: Evidence From Publication Activities, 1990-2009, Guangyuan Hu, Stephen Carley, Li Tang* Dec 2011

Visualizing Nanotechnology Research In Canada: Evidence From Publication Activities, 1990-2009, Guangyuan Hu, Stephen Carley, Li Tang*

Li Tang

Over the last two decades the scientific community has witnessed unprecedented growth of nanotechnology research in Canada. Although recent studies have shown that Canada consistently maintains a position in the first tier of productive countries in terms of its share of the world’s nano-publications, a number of key questions remain unanswered. Using a unique nano-related publication dataset, this paper combines bibliometric analysis and science overlay mapping to visualize the ‘invisible college’ of Canadian nano research. The present analysis finds that the rapid growth of nanotechnology research in Canada is, for the most part, externally driven. In recent years, research content …

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El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal Jan 2011

El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal

J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal

Se presenta una revisión de los títulos publicados hasta 2009 que han analizado la situación de la ciencia política en México o algún aspecto de ésta. Destaca el crecimiento y la diversificación de autores e instituciones, de las revistas publicadas y de los enfoques y temas recurrentes. Hasta fines de los años noventa se ven autores recurrentes y momentos de auge en las publicaciones asociados a coyunturas como congresos, procesos de modificación a planes de estudio, etc., Después de estos años hay la emergencia de nuevos autores y enfoques de estudio, y que el desarrollo de estos trabajos en su …

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