Science and Technology Studies Commons^™

Taking Flight Or Taking A Pass? Exploring Factors Influencing Consumer Willingness To Pay For Evtol Travel, David C. Ison

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) industry is experiencing significant growth due to technological advancements and increasing demand for efficient travel experiences. The market is expected to reach $45 billion by 2030, with major players like Joby, Archer, Beta, and Wisk dominating. This study aimed to assess public willingness to pay for AAM services using eVTOLs, using Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The survey yielded a response rate of 85.8%, with 1,622 completed surveys. The study found that younger urban consumers were more willing to pay higher prices for AAM electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft trips than older participants, possibly …

Analysis Of Us Airline Stocks Performance Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Lda), Amina Issoufou Anaroua

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

Various events, such as changes in the interest rate or the hijacking of a commercial aircraft, can lead to significant shifts in airline stock performance. This study aimed to measure the impact of aviation-related news announcements on the stock performance of US airlines, focusing on different topics. The dataset included aviation news covering airlines, airports, regulations, safety, accidents, manufacturers, MRO, incidents, aviation training, general aviation, and others obtained from Aviation Voice. To uncover patterns that could explain the movements of US airline stocks, a natural language processing technique called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was employed. The process involved text mining …

Faa Designated Pilot Examiner System Insights, Wendy Beckman, Timothy Rosser, Michael Gref

National Training Aircraft Symposium (NTAS)

As part of the Reauthorization Act of 2018 the FAA was required to assign to the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC) a review of the current Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE) policies. The ARAC in turn assigned this task to the Designated Pilot Examiner Reforms Working Group (DPERWG). This Group delivered its recommendations to the FAA in June 2021, with an FAA response to the Group due by June 2022. The purpose of this research project is to provide more insight regarding the current DPE system from all stakeholders prior to that deadline. Survey data from both current DPE’s and flight …

The Evolution Of Ai On The Commercial Flight Deck: Finding Balance Between Efficiency And Safety While Maintaining The Integrity Of Operator Trust, Mark Miller, Sam Holley, Leila Halawi

Publications

As artificial intelligence (AI) seeks to improve modern society, the commercial aviation industry offers a significant opportunity. Although many parts of commercial aviation including maintenance, the ramp, and air traffic control show promise to integrate AI, the highly computerized digital flight deck (DFD) could be challenging. The researchers seek to understand what role AI could provide going forward by assessing AI evolution on the commercial flight deck over the past 50 years. A modified SHELL diagram is used to complete a Human Factors (HF) analysis of the early use for AI on the commercial flight deck through introduction of the …

Science Communication As A Collective Intelligence Endeavour: A Manifesto And Examples For Implementation, Maria Petrescu

Publications

Effective science communication is challenging when scientific messages are informed by a continually updating evidence base and must often compete against misinformation. We argue for the need for a new programme of science communication as collective intelligence—a collaborative approach, supported by technology. This would have four key advantages over the typical model where scientists communicate as individuals: scientific messages would be informed by (1) a wider base of aggregated knowledge, (2) contributions from a diverse scientific community, (3) participatory input from stakeholders, and (4) better responsiveness to ongoing changes in the state of knowledge.

Public Acceptance Of Medical Screening Recommendations, Safety Risks, And Implied Liabilities Requirements For Space Flight Participation, Cory J. Trunkhill

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The space tourism industry is preparing to send space flight participants on orbital and suborbital flights. Space flight participants are not professional astronauts and are not subject to the rules and guidelines covering space flight crewmembers. This research addresses public acceptance of current Federal Aviation Administration guidance and regulations as designated for civil participation in human space flight.

The research utilized an ordinal linear regression analysis of survey data to explore the public acceptance of the current medical screening recommended guidance and the regulations for safety risk and implied liability for space flight participation. Independent variables constituted participant demographic representations …

Uas For Public Safety: Active Threat Recognition, Joseph Cerreta, Tray Denney, Scott S. Burgess, Anthony Galante, David Thirtyacre, Gloria A. Wilson, Patrick Sherman

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The Center for Homeland Defense and Security identified an increase of active threat events, such as mass shootings, annually since 1999. Literature suggests that 90% of shootings were over before law enforcement arrived at the scene and the first responder response was limited to “surround and contain” until Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (SWAT) arrived on the scene. Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to detect which individual was the threat and type of weapon used can provide useful information to increase the speed of the response for first-on-scene rather than waiting for SWAT if the type of weapon was known. …

Analysis On The Negative Emotional, Physiological, And Cognitive Responses Elicited From Of The Activation Of A Stall Alarm, Travis J. Whittemore, Sabrina Woods

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Failing to identify an aerodynamic stall can lead to the inability of an aircraft to sustain flight. To warn pilots of an impending or fully-developed stall, many aircraft have safety devices installed to provide visual, aural, and/or kinesthetic (haptic) indicators of the potentially unsafe situation. The stick shaker is one such warning device. Amygdala hijack is the disruptive emotional, physiological, and cognitive response that occurs as a result of stimulus. Colloquially known as a fight-or-flight trigger, amygdala hijack can cause a person to freeze-in-place or can disrupt cognitive function to the point where the person can no longer process available …

Iran, Diane M. Zorri

Publications

Internet access in Iran is characterized by strong censorship, limited access, surveillance, and widespread state-sanctioned propaganda. The regime in Tehran views internet freedom as a critical threat to its national security (Henry, Pettyjohn, and York 2014). Using an index of variables such as obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights, the nongovernmental organization Freedom House rates Iran’s internet access as “not free” (Freedom House 2018). On a scale of zero to one hundred, where zero is “free” and one hundred is “not free,” Freedom House scores Iran at an eighty-five, making it the least free nation …

Agent Based Modeling For Low-Cost Counter Uas Protocol In Prisons, Travis L. Cline, J. Eric Dietz

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Technological advances have led to the prevalence of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) which has proven to be a security concern for fixed facilities to include prisons, airports, and forward operating bases. This study explores if agent-based simulation modeling can serve as a useful tool for developing counter unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) parameters for a fixed facility. The relationship between threat speed and a hypothetical C-UAS is explored in an AnyLogic model designed to represent a prison and general sUAS smuggling threats that prisons have experienced in recent years. The data suggests there is a critical threat sUAS speed in …

Meta-Analysis Of Public Acceptance Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems In The United States, Miles M. Legere

Student Works

Automated and unmanned systems are rapidly revolutionizing every aspect of military, commercial, and public use operations in the United States. While this technology serves effectively in dull, dirty, and dangerous tasks, the rapid introduction of unmanned technologies into society has generated intense debate about their ethical, moral, and legal use. Specifically, the rise in the development and application of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has created significant public discord. As public acceptance of UAS plays a major role in the regulatory decisions that allow for expanded use in commercial and public use applications, it is critically important to understand the complexities …

Decentralized Space Traffic Management, Ruth E. Stilwell 6105540

Space Traffic Management Conference

This paper will examine the political, policy, and regulatory barriers to the provision of STM as a global safety service. It will examine the concepts under development for airspace from 20km to 100km to accommodate new entrants in aviation and space and discuss how those concepts may provide a path forward for decentralized space traffic management.

Determination Of Takeoff And Landing Distances Using An Ipad Performance Application For The Diamond Da40, Tyler A. Babb, Christina Hiers

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

All pilots are required to calculate aircraft performance parameters prior to flight. This includes takeoff and landing distances. Traditionally, pilots in training have planned for takeoff and landing performance using paper charts provided by the manufacturer. However, professional pilots use devices such as Flight Management Systems (FMS), Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) applications, or on-board performance computers (OPC) to make such calculations. During primary flight training, student pilots could make performance calculations with proper software, similar to the method they will typically use at the professional level. Recently an iPad application was released which can calculate numerous performance parameters for specific …

Measuring Public Utilization Perception Potential Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Julius Keller, Daniel Kwasi Adjekum, Bortiorkor Nii Tsui Alabi, Brian Kozak

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Air Space (NAS) in recent times has been met by mixed public responses. The paper establishes four constructs each of which encapsulates multiple backgrounds and concerns of the stakeholders: functional knowledge, utilization trust, operational integration support, and safety risk-benefits. The paper hypothesizes that these constructs can serve as underlying components for a research instrument namely, the Public Utilization Perception Potential (PUPP) which can be used to assess the opinions of the public on UAS integration into NAS. Responses from the public on items in a beta-tested survey instrument were analyzed …

Book Review: Fundamentals Of International Aviation, Alan Bender

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Not applicable.

Using 3 Dimension Health Vegetation Index Point Clouds To Determine Hlb Infected Citrus Trees, Joseph Cerreta, Ashley Hanson, Julianna E. Martorella, Stacy Martorella

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Three-dimensional NDVI point clouds can be an innovative method for detecting Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus trees. In February 2018, an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) captured narrow-band multispectral images to detect healthiness variations of infected citrus trees. A 30-acre section of a citrus grove in Florida with a known HLB infection was examined to determine if three-dimensional Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) point clouds can indicate healthiness variations in HLB-infected citrus trees and how three-dimensional NDVI point clouds compared to two-dimensional NDVI reflectance maps for detecting healthiness variations in HLB-infected citrus trees. Wilcoxon Sign Rank testing compared Whole-Tree Vegetation Indices …

Energy Safety Management: Mitigating Loss Of Control Inflight, Juan Merkt

National Training Aircraft Symposium (NTAS)

Under the new Airman Certification Standards (ACS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has mandated for the first time that private and commercial pilot candidates demonstrate understanding of energy management in several areas of operation. Recognition by the FAA of the importance of energy management is a welcome development, given the potential lethal consequences of mishandling the airplane’s energy state. Poor management of the energy associated with vertical flight path and/or airspeed is a significant factor in loss of control in flight and runway excursions during landing, two leading causes of fatal accidents in aviation. While most pilots are familiar with …

Empirical Study On The Accessibility Of Wi-Fi, Computers And Cell Phones In Cuba, Katalina Montalvo

Student Works

This paper reviews the accessibility of technology in Havana, Cuba as it begins to open its borders to the modern world. The technology researched includes cell phones, Wi-Fi, computers, and personal computers. As the embargo on Cuba begins to fade, tourists and new businesses are flocking to this once heavily restricted island. The focus of this paper is to explain the availability of modern technology to the citizens of Cuba. Currently, technology is very limited in Cuba because Wi-Fi is an expensive luxury for the average Cuban. Modern computers are also an expensive purchase, which forces Cubans to put together …

Kelihos Botnet: A Never-Ending Saga, Arsh Arora, Max Gannon, Gary Warner

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

This paper investigates the recent behavior of the Kelihos botnet, a spam-sending botnet that accounts for many millions of emails sent each day. The paper demonstrates how a team of students are able to perform a longitudinal malware study, making significant observations and contributions to the understanding of a major botnet using tools and techniques taught in the classroom. From this perspective the paper has two objectives: encouragement and observation. First, by providing insight into the methodology and tools used by student researchers to document and understand a botnet, the paper strives to embolden other academic programs to follow a …

Opening Autonomous Airspace–A Prologue, Samuel M. Vance

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and in particular small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS), has significant operational implications for the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system of the future. Integrating unmanned aircraft safely presents long-standing challenges, especially during the lengthy transition period when unmanned vehicles will be mixed with piloted vehicles. Integration of dissimilar systems is not an easy, straight-forward task and in this case is complicated by the difficulty to truly know what is present in the airspace. Additionally, there are significant technology, security and liability issues that will need resolution to ensure property and life are protected and …

Spaceways: Airspace In Outer Space, Scott Haeffelin

Space Traffic Management Conference

Forecasted future demand in space travel is driving the need for the development of space traffic management. Currently, orbital space traffic is mostly unregulated with internationally agreed upon best practices and self-interest driving space operators to avoid collisions with other spacecraft. This paper explores the future of space travel by presenting a concept of creating “airspace in space” or spaceways to manage the ever growing volumes of space traffic. Spaceways are analogous to airspace for aircraft with the goal of increasing levels of safety and reducing probabilities of collision. These goals can be achieved by creating traffic rules, defining valuable …

Human Automation Systems In Spaceflight: The What, When And How Of Measurement, Chelsea Iwig, James M. Oglesby, Kevin L. Leyva, Misa Shimono, Kimberly Stowers, Eduardo Salas

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

No abstract provided.

Blurring The Lines: The Overlapping Interests Of High Altitude Unmanned Aircraft, Commercial Space, And Aviation Policy, Ruth E. Stilwell

Space Traffic Management Conference

The commercialization of space operations, coupled with the rapid development in unmanned aircraft systems creates a new policy dynamic between otherwise disparate industries. Existing structures do not adequately address issues of access, governance, and sovereignty across the distinct domains of air transport, space operations, and high altitude unmanned aircraft operations. Globally, aviation policy and space policy have evolved independently as distinct fields. High altitude unmanned aircraft are rapidly increasing utilization of airspace not previously occupied by civil aircraft or spacecraft, where regulation of both safety and access is sparse. Rather than consider operations in this airspace as a third category …

Framing The Mh17 Disaster – More Heat Than Light?, Simon A. Bennett

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Despite the reductionist analyses produced by politicians and the Fourth Estate, the loss of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 was a systems accident – a product of the interactions between the actants that compose the commercial aviation system network-space. As an antidote to reductionism’s ‘fundamental attribution error’, this paper presents a systems-thinking-informed analysis of the MH17 disaster. To this end it draws on Actor-Network Theory and the work of Reason, Toft, Dekker, Hollnagel and other systems-thinking advocates. Whether intentional or not, politicians’ reductionist analyses generated political capital. European Union and American finger-pointing distracted from aviation authorities’ and airlines’ ill-advised routing policies. …

Human Factors Considerations In Autonomous Lethal Unmanned Aerial Systems, Kristine Kiernan

Aviation / Aeronautics / Aerospace International Research Conference

The United States military is committed to the development of complete autonomy in unmanned vehicles, including armed unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The design and deployment of autonomous lethal UAS raises ethical issues that have implications for human factors. System design, procedures, and training will be impacted by the advent of autonomous lethal UAS. This paper will define relevant vocabulary, review the literature on robot ethics as it applies to the military setting, discuss various perspectives in the research community, address levels of UAS autonomy, and discuss implications for operator training, responsibility, and human-machine interaction. Familiarity with these ethical issues and …

Unmanned Insecurity: The Safety And Privacy Issues Of Unmanned Aircraft Information Assurance, Donna A. Dulo Ph.D.

Aviation / Aeronautics / Aerospace International Research Conference

Information assurance and computer security are foundational paradigms in ground based information systems. However, in the aerial realm of unmanned systems, information security often takes the proverbial back seat to high visibility issues such as safety and privacy. Yet, a secure unmanned aircraft is a basic tenant of safety and privacy in the operational arena. Information assurance and security that are enveloped into an unmanned aircraft protect the systems data, communications, as well as internal operations and permeates not only the aircraft’s systems, but also the system’s interactions with satellites, ground stations, and other aerial entities that share data and …

Measurable Outcomes Of Safety Culture In Aviation - A Meta-Analytic Review, Benjamin J. Goodheart, Maryjo O. Smith

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Though the complimentary concepts of safety culture and safety climate have become increasingly popular over the past three decades, they have only infrequently been central to research designed to examine the empirical relationship between safety culture and safety performance. This tenuous link between culture and safety performance outcomes is especially prevalent in the aviation sector. This study systematically examined the existing literature for empirical evidence and explored the available data via meta-analysis to determine whether safety culture was significantly predictive of safety performance in an aviation operational environment. Although a broad, careful review of the literature was accomplished, the results …

New Peril + Old Promises = Bad Results, Paul Eschenfelder

Paul F. Eschenfelder

No abstract provided.

Erau Spring 2013 Newsletter, Paul Eschenfelder

Paul F. Eschenfelder

No abstract provided.

Erau Aviation Wildlife Hazard Newsletter, Paul Eschenfelder

Paul F. Eschenfelder

No abstract provided.