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Articles 31 - 60 of 73
Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies
Emerging Forms Of Cross-Sector Collaboration In The Spanish Innovation System, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Irene Ramos-Vielba
Emerging Forms Of Cross-Sector Collaboration In The Spanish Innovation System, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Irene Ramos-Vielba
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
The Spanish innovation system has grown since the 1980s following a predominantly supply-side model where R&D capacities have concentrated in universities and public research organizations. Since then efforts have been made to stimulate cross-sector linkages. These have relied on university– industry projects, various forms of interface organizations, technology centres and programmes to encourage mobility. However, initiatives have encountered some significant drawbacks. Due to a lack of progress, a range of centres and other collaborative arrangements have emerged since 2000 to try to foster greater collaboration and firm based innovation. The process of policy change and their institutional structure are examined …
Territorios Digitales: El Camino A La Sociedad De La Innovación. El Caso De San Luis, Argentina, Lucas Jolías, Susana Finquelievich, Alejandro Prince
Territorios Digitales: El Camino A La Sociedad De La Innovación. El Caso De San Luis, Argentina, Lucas Jolías, Susana Finquelievich, Alejandro Prince
Lucas Jolías
El artículo describe los resultados de una investigación de campo que estudia los alcances del programa San Luis Digital en Argentina, originado por el gobierno provincial y en el que los municipios de la Provincia han participado activamente. Se hace foco sobre los procesos de innovación social basados en la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) promovidos por la Gobierno administración provincial a través de acuerdos con otros actores sociales. La metodología utilizada para la investigación fue principalmente la de meta research, es decir la integración de modelos, teorías, datos e información provenientes de diversas …
Etapas De La Inclusión Digital En Argentina: Difusión Y Adopción De Tic, Lucas Jolías, Alejandro Prince
Etapas De La Inclusión Digital En Argentina: Difusión Y Adopción De Tic, Lucas Jolías, Alejandro Prince
Lucas Jolías
La inclusión digital es uno de los principales desafíos de los gobiernos en los próximos años, pero para cumplir con éste objetivo se debe prestar atención a las particularidades de la adopción de TIC en nuestra región, contemplando las diferencias socioeconómicas, culturales y motivacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la inclusión digital en América Latina y el Caribe, con particular atención al caso de Argentina. Las hipótesis más importantes pueden resumirse en dos: primero, que los niveles de inclusión digital en la actualidad son en gran medida producto del mercado y la capacidad económica y de consumo de …
The Universal Service Fund: What Do High-Cost Subsidies Subsidize?, Scott J. Wallsten
The Universal Service Fund: What Do High-Cost Subsidies Subsidize?, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
The universal service program in the United States currently transfers about $7.5 billion per year from telephone subscribers to certain telephone companies. Those funds are intended to help achieve particular policy goals, such as subsidizing telephone service in rural areas and making phone service more affordable to low-income people. The bulk of the funds, about $4.5 billion per year, subsidizes firms operating in high-cost areas. A large literature documents the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of these subsidies, raising the question of where the money goes. This paper uses data submitted by about 1,400 recipients of high-cost subsidies from 1998 – 2008 …
A World Without Work? [Review Of The Books The End Of Work And The Jobless Future], Lance A. Compa
A World Without Work? [Review Of The Books The End Of Work And The Jobless Future], Lance A. Compa
Lance A Compa
[Excerpt] These two books take different routes to the same conclusion: This Time It's For Real. The end of work is now upon us, and the jobless future beckons. This was portended in the past--by the development of steam-powered machinery, then electrical power, then by mid-twentieth century automation reflected in numerically-controlled machine tools, and even by the first and second generations of computers--but never realized as new outlets for employment took shape. Those days are done now. Advanced computers and software are bringing into being what Jeremy Rifkin calls a "near-workerless economy."
El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal
Se presenta una revisión de los títulos publicados hasta 2009 que han analizado la situación de la ciencia política en México o algún aspecto de ésta. Destaca el crecimiento y la diversificación de autores e instituciones, de las revistas publicadas y de los enfoques y temas recurrentes. Hasta fines de los años noventa se ven autores recurrentes y momentos de auge en las publicaciones asociados a coyunturas como congresos, procesos de modificación a planes de estudio, etc., Después de estos años hay la emergencia de nuevos autores y enfoques de estudio, y que el desarrollo de estos trabajos en su …
Erau Aviation Wildlife Hazard Newsletter, Paul Eschenfelder
Erau Aviation Wildlife Hazard Newsletter, Paul Eschenfelder
Paul F. Eschenfelder
No abstract provided.
Analyzing The Role Of Icts In The Tunisian And Egyptian Unrest From An Information Warfare Perspective, Brett Van Niekerk, Kiru Pillay, Manoj Maharaj
Analyzing The Role Of Icts In The Tunisian And Egyptian Unrest From An Information Warfare Perspective, Brett Van Niekerk, Kiru Pillay, Manoj Maharaj
Manoj Maharaj
In January 2011, the Tunisian government stepped down after weeks of protests; this was followed by unrest and protests in Egypt against the Egyptian government, leading also to the resignation of its president. Demonstrations in both countries were facilitated in some part by the online social media and related information and communications technologies that impacted the flow of information. The manner in which the information and communication technologies were employed suggests that the uprisings were a form of social information warfare. To provide an alternative understanding of the role of technology and information in the events that led to the …
The Information Warfare Lifecycle Model, Manoj Maharaj, Brett Van Nikerk
The Information Warfare Lifecycle Model, Manoj Maharaj, Brett Van Nikerk
Manoj Maharaj
No abstract provided.
Strategic Planning For Digital Convergence In South African Businesses, Manoj Maharaj, Kiru Pillay
Strategic Planning For Digital Convergence In South African Businesses, Manoj Maharaj, Kiru Pillay
Manoj Maharaj
No abstract provided.
Characterizing A Technology Development At The Stage Of Early Emerging Applications: Nanomaterial-Enhanced Biosensors, Lu Huang, Ying Guo, Zhengchun Peng, Alan L. Porter
Characterizing A Technology Development At The Stage Of Early Emerging Applications: Nanomaterial-Enhanced Biosensors, Lu Huang, Ying Guo, Zhengchun Peng, Alan L. Porter
alan l porter
We devise Future-oriented Technology Analyses tools to investigate a technology at an interesting development stage of early emerging applications. At this stage, technologies show great potential with little established commercialization. Future development pathways are highly uncertain and heavily dependent on contextual interactions. We apply R&D profiling, R&D-to-Applications cross-charting, and Technology Delivery System modelling to help understand the phenomena that bear upon development prospects. We develop our approach through a two-tier case study: general treatment of nanomaterial-enhanced biosensors, followed by more specialized treatment of one subset of those. Results convey the importance of considering technological and social context factors together to …
Assessment Of Brazil’S Research Literature, David J. Schoeneck, Alan L. Porter, Ronald N. Kostoff, Elena M. Berger
Assessment Of Brazil’S Research Literature, David J. Schoeneck, Alan L. Porter, Ronald N. Kostoff, Elena M. Berger
alan l porter
This “country study” analyzes substantial samples of research papers by Brazilian authors drawn from two global databases. The approach and the findings may each be of interest. Our approach is to examine R&D outputs through bibliometrics (to identify key authors, institutions, journals, etc) and text mining with taxonomy generation (to identify pervasive research thrusts). We extend prior country studies by providing for interactive data access and exploring military-relevant R&D information. The resulting publication activity profiles provide insight on Brazilian R&D strengths and investment strategies, and help identify opportunities for collaboration. Brazil, a nation of 190 million, evidences a substantial research …
Mining External R&D, Alan L. Porter, Nils C. Newman
Mining External R&D, Alan L. Porter, Nils C. Newman
alan l porter
Open Innovation presses the case for timely and thorough intelligence concerning research and development activities conducted outside one’s organization. To take advantage of this wealth of R&D, one needs to establish a systematic “tech mining” process. We propose a 5-stage framework that extends literature review into research profiling and pattern recognition to answer posed technology management questions. Ultimately, one can even discover new knowledge by screening research databases. Once one determines the value in mining external R&D, tough issues remain to be overcome. Technology management has developed a culture that relies more on intuition than on evidence. Changing that culture …
¿Gobernadores Eternos? Un Análisis Comparativo De Las Reelecciones En Argentina Y Brasil, Lucas Jolías, Augusto Reina
¿Gobernadores Eternos? Un Análisis Comparativo De Las Reelecciones En Argentina Y Brasil, Lucas Jolías, Augusto Reina
Lucas Jolías
Cuando se plantea el tema de las reelecciones a nivel provincial emerge una idea directa y sencilla: esto es que las reelecciones son instituciones forzadas por los gobernadores para enquistarse en el poder. Y que, de forma consecuente, estos mecanismos permiten que ciertas oligarquías políticas provinciales se mantengan en el poder a su gusto. Pero, tal como queremos plasmar en el presente artículo, achacarle tantas cosas a la reelección es sobreestimar los efectos de la institución. Plantear el tema en términos tan simples pone de lado otros procesos políticos que facilitan la estabilidad de las elites en la cima del …
Un Modelo Analítico De Ciudades Del Conocimiento En América Latina, Lucas Jolías, Alejandro Prince, Susana Finquelievich
Un Modelo Analítico De Ciudades Del Conocimiento En América Latina, Lucas Jolías, Alejandro Prince, Susana Finquelievich
Lucas Jolías
El análisis de las Ciudades Digitales ha ocupado en los últimos años un lugar importante en la academia, aunque eso no significa que exista un corpus conceptual y teórico que nos ayude a comprender mejor el tema. Las actuales coyunturas mundiales exigen una renovación en los estudios y prácticas sobre la interfase entre redes electrónicas y ciudades. Surgen nuevos conceptos, nuevas nociones y las ciudades comienzan a ser vistas como medios innovadores, tanto para sus ciudadanos como en relación a las regiones circundantes y a sus países de pertenencia. El objetivo de este artículo es brindar un modelo de análisis …
If Post-Normal Science Is The Solution, What Is The Problem?, Robert Hoppe, Anne Wesselink
If Post-Normal Science Is The Solution, What Is The Problem?, Robert Hoppe, Anne Wesselink
Robert Hoppe
Post-normal science (PNS) is presented by its proponents as a new way of doing science that deals with uncertainties, value diversity or antagonism, and high decision stakes and urgency, with the ultimate goal of remedying the pathologies of the global industrial system for which, according to Funtowicz and Ravetz (1993, 739) existing science forms the basis. We critically examine whether PNS can fulfil this claim in the light of empirical and theoretical work on politics and policymaking. We credit PNS as innovative frontrunner in raising important issues regarding the limited problem-solving capacity of ‘normal science’ and ‘professional consultancy’. Yet, we …
Lawfare And U.S. National Security, Orde F. Kittrie
Lawfare And U.S. National Security, Orde F. Kittrie
Orde F. Kittrie
The increasing legalization of international relations has made law an increasingly powerful alternative to traditional military means to achieve operational objectives. Major General Charles Dunlap, Jr., has famously coined the term "lawfare" to describe the strategy of so using - or misusing - law. Terrorist groups and their state sponsors have made explicit and sometimes effective use of lawfare to achieve their operational objectives. Under the Obama Administration, and especially the Bush Administration, the U.S. executive branch's response to law's potential as a tool for advancing military objectives has thus far been predominantly defensive. This is unfortunate. If there are …
The Use Of Environmental Health And Safety Research In Nanotechnology Research, Jan Youtie, Alan L. Porter, Philip Shapira, Li Tang, Troy Benn
The Use Of Environmental Health And Safety Research In Nanotechnology Research, Jan Youtie, Alan L. Porter, Philip Shapira, Li Tang, Troy Benn
Philip Shapira
Environmental, health, and safety (EHS) concerns are receiving considerable attention in the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology (nano) R&D, underscored by the perspective that EHS work should be developed alongside the scientific research rather than subsequent to applications. This positioning of nano EHS suggests the importance of early understanding and measurement of the diffusion of nano EHS science. This research examines the diffusion of nano EHS publications, defined through a set of search terms, into a global nanotechnology R&D database developed at Georgia Tech. The results indicate that nano EHS research is growing rapidly although it is orders of magnitude …
The Deindustrialisation/Tertiarisation Hypothesis Reconsidered: A Subsystem Application To The Oecd, Sandro Montresor Prof., Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti
The Deindustrialisation/Tertiarisation Hypothesis Reconsidered: A Subsystem Application To The Oecd, Sandro Montresor Prof., Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti
Sandro Montresor
The diffusion of outsourcing and vertical foreign direct investment (FDI) among manufacturing firms, along with the vertical integration of market services into manufacturing, is questioning the so called ‘Deindustrialisation/Tertiarisation’ (DT) hypothesis. In particular, it has been argued that DT might be an ‘apparent’ phenomenon, in fact amounting to a simple reorganisation of production across national and sectoral boundaries. The empirical studies that try to support this hypothesis, however, cannot be deemed conclusive as they suffer two methodological drawbacks: a non-(sub-)systemic sectoral level of analysis and a not truly global empirical approach. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the paper carries …
Outsourcing, Delocalization And Firm Organization: Transaction Costs Vs. Industrial Relations In A Local Production System Of Emilia Romagna, Sandro Montresor Prof., Massimiliano Mazzanti, Paolo Pini
Outsourcing, Delocalization And Firm Organization: Transaction Costs Vs. Industrial Relations In A Local Production System Of Emilia Romagna, Sandro Montresor Prof., Massimiliano Mazzanti, Paolo Pini
Sandro Montresor
This article investigates the firms’ decisions to outsource, taking into account the impact of their embeddedness in a specific regional context on the relative entrepreneurial decision. It focuses on the role of industrial relations, as a factor that could interfere with the entrepreneurs’ decision of resorting to market relationships in discovering and exploiting new business opportunities. We study a local production system in Emilia Romagna (Northern Italy), i.e. the province of Reggio Emilia (RE), whose firms are characterized by a district kind of environment and where entrepreneurship develops in the presence of ‘thick’ industrial relations. The empirical part of the …
On Indirect Trade-Related R&D Spillovers: The “Average Propagation Length” Of Foreign R&D, Sandro Montresor Prof., Chiara Franco, Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti
On Indirect Trade-Related R&D Spillovers: The “Average Propagation Length” Of Foreign R&D, Sandro Montresor Prof., Chiara Franco, Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti
Sandro Montresor
The paper estimates the impact on Total Factor Productivity of trade-related R&D spillovers by accounting for the economic distance between countries. The Average Propagation Length foreign R&D covers to reach a domestic country is used in building the foreign available R&D stock and to estimate its TFP impact vs. that of the domestic R&D stock. With respect to 20 OECD countries in the period 1995–2005, the impact on TFP of the available foreign R&D stock is greater than that of the domestic one. Results support the models that recognize indirect trade-related R&D spillovers and provide for them a more accurate …
Minimizing Technology Risks With Pias, Precaution And Participation, Raphael Gellert, David Wright, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald
Minimizing Technology Risks With Pias, Precaution And Participation, Raphael Gellert, David Wright, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald
Michael Friedewald
Privacy impact assessment can be seen as a tool for responsible research and innovation (RRI). RRI can be defined as a transparent, interactive process by which societal actors and innovators become mutually responsive to each other with a view on the (ethical) acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability of the innovation process and its marketable products in order to allow a proper embedding of scientific and technological advances in our society [1]. Such a definition is close to how one could define privacy impact assessment (PIA), i.e., PIA is a process of engaging stakeholders in order to consider how privacy might …
Computersoftware Als Digitales Erbe: Probleme Aus Sicht Der Technikgeschichte, Michael Friedewald, Timo Leimbach
Computersoftware Als Digitales Erbe: Probleme Aus Sicht Der Technikgeschichte, Michael Friedewald, Timo Leimbach
Michael Friedewald
No abstract provided.
Understanding Information Technology In The Home Via Photographs: A Detailed Analysis Of Swan And Taylor, Jenna Hartel
Understanding Information Technology In The Home Via Photographs: A Detailed Analysis Of Swan And Taylor, Jenna Hartel
Jenna Hartel
No abstract provided.
Network Governance Of Biofuels, Jeremy De Beer
Innovation Cooperation: Energy Biosciences And Law, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Innovation Cooperation: Energy Biosciences And Law, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
This Article analyzes the development and dissemination of environmentally sound technologies that can address climate change. Climate change poses catastrophic health and security risks on a global scale. Universities, individual innovators, private firms, civil society, governments, and the United Nations can unite in the common goal to address climate change. This Article recommends means by which legal, scientific, engineering, and a host of other public and private actors can bring environmentally sound innovation into widespread use to achieve sustainable development. In particular, universities can facilitate this collaboration by fostering global innovation and diffusion networks.
Precaution And Privacy Impact Assessments As Modes Towards Risk Management, David Wright, Raphael Gellert, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald
Precaution And Privacy Impact Assessments As Modes Towards Risk Management, David Wright, Raphael Gellert, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald
Serge Gutwirth
This chapter contends that privacy impact assessments (PIAs) are an instrument of risk governance that should, therefore, be understood and implemented within the framework of the precautionary principle. Precaution is the best theoretical framework of action in the face of uncertain risks. After considering the precautionary principle from a conceptual point of view, this paper goes on to discuss privacy impact assessment in practice and concludes with the possibility of the integration of PIA within the context of risk governance. The paper also offers comments on the notion of balancing privacy and other values.
Biowatch South Africa And The Challenges In Enforcing Its Constitutional Right To Access To Information, Wilhelm Peekhaus
Biowatch South Africa And The Challenges In Enforcing Its Constitutional Right To Access To Information, Wilhelm Peekhaus
Wilhelm Peekhaus
This paper examines the difficulties encountered by Biowatch, a South African civil society environmental organization, in its attempts to obtain access to government information in respect of genetically engineered plants. After establishing the context of South Africa's access to information regime, including a brief discussion of several of its weaknesses, the paper engages in an extended account of the Biowatch case as an exemplar of some of the more pronounced challenges to the effective implementation of the country's access to information legislation. The elaboration of the case is based on interviews conducted with the Director of Biowatch and counsel from …
Cancun Climate Negotiations, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Cancun Climate Negotiations, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
The United Nations Climate Change Conference, held from November 29 to December 11, 2010, in Cancún, Mexico, relaunched the United Nation's multilateral facilitation role.
Tribes As Essential Partners In Achieving Sustainable Governance, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Tribes As Essential Partners In Achieving Sustainable Governance, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Prof. Elizabeth Burleson
Indigenous peoples have modeled sustainable development around the world. Incentivizing the innovation and instillation of wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources can come in the form of public funding, including renewable portfolio standards, feed in tariffs and green tag programs. This article analyzes ways in which tribal communities are helping to expand cooperative good governance.