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Articles 4561 - 4590 of 5643

Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies

Some New Constructions Of Orthogonal Designs, Tianbing Xia, Jennifer Seberry, Mingyuan Xia, Shangli Zhang Jan 2013

Some New Constructions Of Orthogonal Designs, Tianbing Xia, Jennifer Seberry, Mingyuan Xia, Shangli Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper we construct OD(4pqr(q+1); pqr, pqr, pqr, pqr, pqr+1, pqr+1, pqr+1, pqr+1) for each core order q ≡ 3(mod 4), r ≥ 0 or q = 1, p odd, p ≤ 21 and p ∈ {25, 49}, and COD(2qr(q + 1); qr, qr, qr+1, qr+1) for any prime power q ≡ 1 (mod 4) (including q = 1), r ≥ 0.

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Fully Nonlinear Curvature Flow Of Axially Symmetric Hypersurfaces With Boundary Conditions, James Mccoy, Fatemah Mofarreh, Graham Williams Jan 2013

Fully Nonlinear Curvature Flow Of Axially Symmetric Hypersurfaces With Boundary Conditions, James Mccoy, Fatemah Mofarreh, Graham Williams

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Inspired by earlier results on the quasilinear mean curvature flow, and recent investigations of fully nonlinear curvature flow of closed hypersurfaces which are not convex, we consider contraction of axially symmetric hypersurfaces by convex, degree-one homogeneous fully nonlinear functions of curvature. With a natural class of Neumann boundary conditions, we show that evolving hypersurfaces exist for a finite maximal time. The maximal time is characterised by a curvature singularity at either boundary. Some results continue to hold in the cases of mixed Neumann-Dirichlet boundary conditions and more general curvature-dependent speeds.

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Social Media Influence On Viewer Engagement, Mark Freeman, Matthew Halliwell, Alison E. Freeman Jan 2013

Social Media Influence On Viewer Engagement, Mark Freeman, Matthew Halliwell, Alison E. Freeman

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Society is being reshaped through Social Media. The case of Social Media integration into the London 2012 Olympics mainstream media coverage is used to demonstrate this. Social Media has modified television viewing from a passive to an active activity. It has also allowed opinions to be shared more quickly and broadly. Analysis of practical examples through the theoretical lens of sociomateriality demonstrates that greater use of the components in the 'Theoretical Framework of Member Needs' reflect the presence of viewers who are more active. This paper discusses the inability to separate the use of technology from its social context, the …

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Additive Manufacture Of Titanium Alloys Using Integrated Robotic Gtaw Welding, John Norrish, Dominic Cuiuri Jan 2013

Additive Manufacture Of Titanium Alloys Using Integrated Robotic Gtaw Welding, John Norrish, Dominic Cuiuri

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Additive manufacturing (also known as rapid prototyping, shape metal deposition or near net manufacture ) is becoming an important option for low volume production of complex parts. Much of the recent effort has been devoted to laser based processes using powder feedstock and 3D printing techniques; these techniques are well suited to producing smaller complex structures in a wide range of materials. The current paper describes a technique for cold wire GTAW deposition of titanium alloys using robotic welding and integrated post weld machining; the approach is suitable for producing much larger parts. The techniques involved and resultant weld quality …

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Development Of The Quality Of Australian Nursing Documentation In Aged Care (Qandac) Instrument To Measure Paper-Based And Electronic Resident Records, Ning Wang, Catrin Bjorvell, Ping Yu Jan 2013

Development Of The Quality Of Australian Nursing Documentation In Aged Care (Qandac) Instrument To Measure Paper-Based And Electronic Resident Records, Ning Wang, Catrin Bjorvell, Ping Yu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Aim: To develop an Australian nursing documentation in aged care (Quality of Australian Nursing Documentation in Aged Care (QANDAC)) instrument to measure the quality of paper-based and electronic resident records. Methods: The instrument was based on the nursing process model and on three attributes of documentation quality identified in a systematic review. The development process involved five phases following approaches to designing criterion-referenced measures. The face and content validities and the inter-rater reliability of the instrument were estimated using a focus group approach and consensus model. Results: The instrument contains 34 questions in three sections: completion of nursing history and …

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Characterisation Of Metal Deposition During Additive Manufacturing Of Ti-6al-4v By Arc-Wire Methods, Nicholas Hoye, E C. Appel, Dominic Cuiuri, Hejie Li Jan 2013

Characterisation Of Metal Deposition During Additive Manufacturing Of Ti-6al-4v By Arc-Wire Methods, Nicholas Hoye, E C. Appel, Dominic Cuiuri, Hejie Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study considers the use of the gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding process in conjunction with 'cold' wire addition to give layer-wise build-up of thin walled structures, simulating those commonly found in aerospace applications, which may in the future be manufactured by additive means. Taguchi DOE and multiple regression analysis methods have been applied to quantitatively establish relationships between common process parameters including arc length, arc current, travel speed and wire feed speed and resulting weld bead geometries and actual metal deposition rates. Mathematical expressions for build-up height, thickness and surface roughness are presented and evaluated against experimental data, with …

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Laboratory Study On Rockbolt Corrosion, Naj Aziz, P Craig, Jan Nemcik Jan 2013

Laboratory Study On Rockbolt Corrosion, Naj Aziz, P Craig, Jan Nemcik

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The effect of long term exposure of full size bolts to corrosive environments is presented. A special test rig was used to test four bolts under different loading conditions. Four, X-grade identical corrosioin testing using acid sulphate water. the pH value of the curculated water varied between 3.4 and 4.3. The corrosion exposure test period lasted three and half years. Two bolts were axially loaded to 10 and 20 tonnes force respectively, the third bolt was subjected to a 360 Nm torsion load and the fourth bolt was left unstressed to act as a reference bolt. After the test period …

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Condition Monitoring Of Slow Speed Slewing Bearing Based On Largest Lyapunov Exponent Algorithm And Circular-Domain Feature Extractions, Wahyu Caesarendra, Prabuono Buyung Kosasih, A Kiet Tieu, Craig A. S Moodie Jan 2013

Condition Monitoring Of Slow Speed Slewing Bearing Based On Largest Lyapunov Exponent Algorithm And Circular-Domain Feature Extractions, Wahyu Caesarendra, Prabuono Buyung Kosasih, A Kiet Tieu, Craig A. S Moodie

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents a combined nonlinear and circular features extraction-based condition monitoring method for low speed slewing bearing. The proposed method employs the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) algorithm as a signal processing method based on vibration data. LLE is used to detect chaos existence in vibration data in discrete angular positions of the shaft. From the processed data, circular features such as mean, skewness and kurtosis are calculated and monitored. It is shown that the onset and the progressively deteriorating bearing condition can be detected more clearly in circular-domain features compared to time-domain features. The application of the method is …

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Upper Bound Limit Analysis Of Lateral Pile Capacity, Hongyu Qin, Erwin Oh, Wei Dong Guo, P F. Dai Jan 2013

Upper Bound Limit Analysis Of Lateral Pile Capacity, Hongyu Qin, Erwin Oh, Wei Dong Guo, P F. Dai

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The upper bound method of plasticity limit analysis is used to estimate the ultimate capacity of laterally loaded long piles. Based on a generic limiting force (or the ultimate soil resistance per unit length) profile, both freehead and fixed-head piles are considered. The current solutions can be reduced to available solutions for some special cases. Design charts may be constructed to estimate the lateral capacity of piles in terms of plastic moment and the parameters describing the limiting force profile.

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Public Procurement And Ict Accessibility, Gunela Astbrink, William Tibben Jan 2013

Public Procurement And Ict Accessibility, Gunela Astbrink, William Tibben

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Government purchasing of ICT products and services is termed public procurement. Including accessibility criteria in the procurement process may improve employment opportunities in government for people with disabilities and could have flow-on effects for increased accessibility of products in the marketplace. This paper outlines a research project investigating the current status of legislation, regulation and policy of ICT accessibility criteria in public procurement in OECD countries. The research finds that voluntary government schemes were not successful. Mandatory processes based on uniform global standards coupled with compliance will have an impact.

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Coke Microstructure And Strength Under Blast Furnace Conditions, Xing Xing, Guangqing Zhang, Harold Rogers, Paul Zulli, Oleg Ostrovski Jan 2013

Coke Microstructure And Strength Under Blast Furnace Conditions, Xing Xing, Guangqing Zhang, Harold Rogers, Paul Zulli, Oleg Ostrovski

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

No abstract provided.

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Travel Distance Judgment: An Environmental Distance Information Cognitive Processing Perspective, Mengxiang Li, Chuan-Hoo Tan, Kwok-Kee Wei Jan 2013

Travel Distance Judgment: An Environmental Distance Information Cognitive Processing Perspective, Mengxiang Li, Chuan-Hoo Tan, Kwok-Kee Wei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A consumer makes travel distance judgment to determine the place to visit. Stores that gain favorable travel distance judgment could gain access to a large volume of customer base. Travel distance judgment is often made with the aid of technologies, such as the mobile location-based service (LBS). In the present research-in-progress, we build on the human's environmental distance information cognitive processing model to propose how the travel distance information and visual geospatial information jointly influence a consumer's travel distance judgment. We posit that the combination of direct-distance travel information and destination visual reachable geospatial information (2D-map) could result in favorable …

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Helpfulness Of Online Product Reviews As Seen By Consumers: Source And Content Features, Mengxiang Li, Liqiang Huang, Chuan-Hoo Tan, Kwok-Kee Wei Jan 2013

Helpfulness Of Online Product Reviews As Seen By Consumers: Source And Content Features, Mengxiang Li, Liqiang Huang, Chuan-Hoo Tan, Kwok-Kee Wei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Online product reviews are important determinants of consumers' purchase decision. Although prior research has articulated various benefits of online product reviews, there are few investigations into whether or not they are perceived as helpful by consumers. Product review helpfulness is conceptualized as a second-order formative construct, which is manifested by perceived source credibility, perceived content diagnosticity, and perceived vicarious expression of the product review. In this study, we conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate product review helpfulness as well as its corresponding antecedents from the product review feature perspective (i.e., source- and content-based review features). Findings from the study are …

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Analysing Mobile Instant Messaging User Satisfaction And Loyalty: An Integrated Perspective, Pu Huang, Mengxiang Li Jan 2013

Analysing Mobile Instant Messaging User Satisfaction And Loyalty: An Integrated Perspective, Pu Huang, Mengxiang Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Mobile instant messaging (mobile IM) is a cutting edge technology of the P2P communication. The prevalence of the mobile IM boosts the research of the perceived satisfaction and loyalty towards mobile IM long-term usage. In the era of 4G, individuals use mobile IM to communicate with their friends in every-day life. However, prior studies neglected a holistic view of users' roles and then yielded insufficient explanation about the usage satisfaction of mobile IM. Based on the integrated users' role framework, this research-in-progress explores the determinants of mobile IM satisfaction and loyalty with the consideration of the triangulation perspective of users' …

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How On Earth? Cartography And Curatorial Practice In The Archipelago, Etienne Turpin, Anna-Sophie Springer Jan 2013

How On Earth? Cartography And Curatorial Practice In The Archipelago, Etienne Turpin, Anna-Sophie Springer

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

While geologists and stratigraphers debate the scientific merits of the Anthropocene thesis, culture workers remain precariously exposed to experiences of the planetary upheavals characteristic of our all-too-human epoch. If, as Peter Sloterdijk has suggested, our planet of terrestrial globalization has become a world interior of capital, what are the cartographic and curatorial practices that might respond to the ecologies of excess in this world interior?

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Hand Gesture Recognition: An Overview, Shuai Yang, Prashan Premaratne, Peter James Vial Jan 2013

Hand Gesture Recognition: An Overview, Shuai Yang, Prashan Premaratne, Peter James Vial

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Hand gesture recognition has been applied to many fields in recent years, especially in man-machine interaction (MMI) area, which is regarded as a more natural and flexible input. In this paper, an overview of hand gesture recognition research up to date is presented, which includes common stages of hand gesture recognition, common methods and technique of each stage, the state of the recent research and summaries of some successful hand gesture recognition models. 2013 IEEE.

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Amenability For Fell Bundles Over Groupoids, Aidan Sims, Dana Williams Jan 2013

Amenability For Fell Bundles Over Groupoids, Aidan Sims, Dana Williams

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We establish conditions under which the universal and reduced norms coincide for a Fell bundle over a groupoid. Specifically, we prove that the full and reduced C-algebras of any Fell bundle over a measurewise amenable groupoid coincide, and also that for a groupoid G whose orbit space is T0, the full and reduced algebras of a Fell bundle over G coincide if the full and reduced algebras of the restriction of the bundle to each isotropy group coincide.

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Deposition Of Stellite 6 On Nickel Superalloy And Mild Steel Substrates With Laser Cladding, Alain Kusmoko, Druce P. Dunne, Huijun Li, David J. Nolan Jan 2013

Deposition Of Stellite 6 On Nickel Superalloy And Mild Steel Substrates With Laser Cladding, Alain Kusmoko, Druce P. Dunne, Huijun Li, David J. Nolan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Stellite 6 was deposited by laser cladding of two different steel substrates (nickel superalloy and mild steel). The chemical compositions and microstructures of these coatings were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of the coatings was measured and the wear mechanism of the coatings was examined using a pin-on-plate (reciprocating) wear testing machine. The results showed less cracking and pore development for Stellite 6 coatings applied to the mild steel (MS) substrate. Further, the Stellite coating on mild steel was significantly harder than that deposited on the superalloy. The wear test results showed …

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Performance Of Cfrp Wrapped Square Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected To Eccentric Loading, Ida Bagus Rai Widiarsa, Muhammad N. S Hadi Jan 2013

Performance Of Cfrp Wrapped Square Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected To Eccentric Loading, Ida Bagus Rai Widiarsa, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Strengthening concrete columns with fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) has been studied extensively, but the majority of published studies have focused on circular columns. Most concrete columns in the field have square or rectangular cross sections and resist eccentric loading as well. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of square reinforced concrete (RC) columns wrapped with carbon FRP subjected to eccentric loading. The influence of two parameters was studied including the number of FRP layers and the magnitude of eccentricity. Compression testing was conducted on twelve short square RC columns wrapped with CFRP composites. The columns had a …

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Voltage Unbalance Emission Assessment: Sources Of Contribution And Their Ranking, U Jayatunga, Sarath Perera, P Ciufo, A P. Agalgaonkar Jan 2013

Voltage Unbalance Emission Assessment: Sources Of Contribution And Their Ranking, U Jayatunga, Sarath Perera, P Ciufo, A P. Agalgaonkar

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

etermining sources of voltage unbalance (VU) and quantifying their individual contributions in an interconnected network is a complex task due to multiple interactions that take place between them. Post-connection VU emission assessment techniques in relation to customer installations are important not only in compliance assessment according to IEC/TR 61000-3- 13:2008 Limits - Assessment of emission limits for the connection of unbalanced installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems, but also in determining the various emission contributors in the power system being considered. This paper presents a case study on the application of a recently developed post-connection VU emission assessment …

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Parametric Study On Chain-Die Forming For Advanced High Strength Steels, Yuankun Zhang, Shichao Ding Jan 2013

Parametric Study On Chain-Die Forming For Advanced High Strength Steels, Yuankun Zhang, Shichao Ding

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

As the applications of AHSS for the automotive industry are increasing significantly within the last decade, it becomes more and more important to develop a new forming technology as an alternative or even a replacement to roll forming to overcome the difficulties and problems of manufacturing the AHSS parts. The springback of the material with higher strength and thinner thickness becomes more difficult to predict, which directly affects the application of roll forming in AHSS. Chain-die forming, as an alternative to roll forming proposed and developed recently in Australia, is expected to be a solution to the problems addressed. It …

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Point Of Common Coupling (Pcc) Voltage Control Of A Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (Pv) System, Brian K. Perera, Philip Ciufo, Sarath Perera Jan 2013

Point Of Common Coupling (Pcc) Voltage Control Of A Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (Pv) System, Brian K. Perera, Philip Ciufo, Sarath Perera

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In future low voltage grids, with multiple inverter interfaced sources connected, voltage regulation may become a necessary task. The potential exists for inverter interfaced sources to be deployed to regulate the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) of each inverter interfaced sources. The PCC voltage regulation is attainable with inverter interfaced sources by dynamically controlling the amount of reactive power injected to the power distribution grid by individual systems. In the current research, a closed-loop controller is proposed to regulate the PCC voltage of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system that is connected to a single-phase power distribution feeder …

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On The Curve Diffusion Flow Of Closed Plane Curves, Glen Wheeler Jan 2013

On The Curve Diffusion Flow Of Closed Plane Curves, Glen Wheeler

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper, we consider the steepest descent H−1-gradient flow of the length functional for immersed plane curves, known as the curve diffusion flow. It is known that under this flow there exist both initially immersed curves that develop at least one singularity in finite time and initially embedded curves that self-intersect in finite time. We prove that under the flow closed curves with initial data close to a round circle in the sense of normalised L2 oscillation of curvature exist for all time and converge exponentially fast to a round circle. This implies that for a sufficiently large ‘waiting …

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Inclusion Reactivity: Morphology And Composition Changes Of Spinel (Mgal2o4) In Steel, Neslihan Dogan, Raymond Longbottom, Mark Henry Reid, Michael W. Chapman, Paton Wilson, Les Moore, Brian Monaghan Jan 2013

Inclusion Reactivity: Morphology And Composition Changes Of Spinel (Mgal2o4) In Steel, Neslihan Dogan, Raymond Longbottom, Mark Henry Reid, Michael W. Chapman, Paton Wilson, Les Moore, Brian Monaghan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Due to an ever increasing demand for cleaner, high quality steels, there is an increasing push for steelmakers to lower the non-metallic inclusion contents of the steel they produce. Understanding inclusion reactivity in steel is key in producing high quality steels at high production rates. Our current knowledge in controlling and predicting inclusion development during liquid steel processing is limited. In this study, spinel (MgAI204) inclusions of close to stoichiometric MgO.AI2O3 and known size distribution where added to the liquid steel bath prior to assessing their reactivity. The pO2 of the gas phase was controlled to 10-13 atm throughout the …

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Impact Of Capacity Value Of Renewable Energy Resources On Raps System Energy Management, Y Tan, Kashem Muttaqi, Lasantha Meegahapola Jan 2013

Impact Of Capacity Value Of Renewable Energy Resources On Raps System Energy Management, Y Tan, Kashem Muttaqi, Lasantha Meegahapola

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Renewable energy resources are widely being utilised in remote area power supply (RAPS) systems. The capacity value of renewable energy resources in a RAPS system indicates the ability of renewable energy resources to serve the load demand in the RAPS systems. In this paper, the impact of capacity value of renewable resources on energy management of a RAPS system, while maintaining system reliability, is investigated. It is revealed that capacity value of renewable energy resources has direct influence on RAPS system energy management. By utilising storage in conjunction with renewable energy resources, the RAPS system can cater load demand while …

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A Methodology For Cost Optimization Of The Layout Design Of Multi-Span Reinforced Concrete Beams, Pezhman Sharafi, Muhammad Hadi, Lip H. Teh Jan 2013

A Methodology For Cost Optimization Of The Layout Design Of Multi-Span Reinforced Concrete Beams, Pezhman Sharafi, Muhammad Hadi, Lip H. Teh

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents a description of a new methodology for the optimum preliminary layout design of reinforced concrete multi-span beams considering the relevant cost elements. First, a new objective function is presented, as an alternative to traditional cost functions for reinforced concrete beams. The ability of being easily employed in layout optimization problems, gives the new cost function a distinct advantage over its alternatives. Examples are included to illustrate the performance of the new methodology.

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A Micro Deep Drawing Of Arb Processed Aluminium Foil Aa1235, Syamsul Hadi, A Kiet Tieu, Cheng Lu, Hongtao Zhu Jan 2013

A Micro Deep Drawing Of Arb Processed Aluminium Foil Aa1235, Syamsul Hadi, A Kiet Tieu, Cheng Lu, Hongtao Zhu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The flow stress of AA1235 aluminium series-H14 material of 16 to 300 μm thickness has been determined here for the first time which showed the stress reduced significantly with thickness. A stress-strain relationship has been determined as a function of the thickness and grain size. A limiting drawing ratio (LDR) of 2.003 was achieved by a subsequent heat treatment of accumulative roll bonded (ARB) materials before the micro-cup drawing. The cup was successfully formed as the combined process has reduced the planar anisotropy, increased the normal anisotropy and improved the formability of a cup.

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On The Residual Energy Toughness Of Prestressed Concrete Sleepers In Railway Track Structures Subjected To Repeated Impact Loads, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov Jan 2013

On The Residual Energy Toughness Of Prestressed Concrete Sleepers In Railway Track Structures Subjected To Repeated Impact Loads, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Alexander Remennikov

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Installed as the crosstie beam support in railway track systems, the prestressed concrete sleepers (or railroad ties) are designed in order to carry and transfer the wheel loads from the rails to the ground. It is nowadays best known that railway tracks are subject to the impact loading conditions, which are attributable to the train operations with either wheel or rail abnormalities such as flat wheels, dipped rails, etc. These loads are of very high magnitude but short duration, as well as there exists the potential of repeated load experience during the design life of the prestressed concrete sleepers. These …

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A Study Of Current Maintenance Strategies And The Reliability Of Critical Medical Equipment In Hospitals In Relation To Patient Outcomes, Khelood Mkalaf, Peter Gibson, John Flanagan Jan 2013

A Study Of Current Maintenance Strategies And The Reliability Of Critical Medical Equipment In Hospitals In Relation To Patient Outcomes, Khelood Mkalaf, Peter Gibson, John Flanagan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study investigates the relationship between the reliability of critical medical equipment (CME) and the effectiveness of CME maintenance management strategies in relation to patient outcomes in 84 public hospitals of a top 20 OECD country. The work has examined the effectiveness of CME maintenance management strategies used by the public hospital system of a large state run health organization. The conceptual framework was designed to examine the significance of the relationship between six variables: (1) types of maintenance management strategies, (2) maintenance services, (3) maintenance practice, (4) medical equipment reliability, (5) maintenance costs and (6) patient outcomes. The results …

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Privacy-Enhanced Keyword Search In Clouds, Miao Zhou, Yi Mu, Willy Susilo, Man Ho Allen Au Jan 2013

Privacy-Enhanced Keyword Search In Clouds, Miao Zhou, Yi Mu, Willy Susilo, Man Ho Allen Au

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The advent of cloud computing has dramatically changed the IT scene, as it offers cost savings and improvements to major operations. Nevertheless, the major obstacle relies on the effort on how to secure sensitive data files that are outsourced to the cloud environment. To ensure confidentiality, the sensitive data are usually encrypted prior to being outsourced. Nevertheless, effective data utilization remains a challenging task and there is a clear need for a secure and efficient searching mechanism over the encrypted data in the cloud, to increase the us-ability of the secure cloud environment. Unfortunately, existing work in the area of …

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