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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Cognitive Psychology
Investigating The Role Of Targeted Memory Reactivation In Sleep Spindle Production, Justin W. Hopper
Investigating The Role Of Targeted Memory Reactivation In Sleep Spindle Production, Justin W. Hopper
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In ‘targeted memory reactivation’ (TMR) paradigms, information learned during wakefulness is paired with a cue, and reactivated during sleep by presenting that same cue. TMR improves memory. In a prior study (Antony et al., 2012), participants learned two melodies. One melody was cued during a nap, and performance was better than for the uncued melody. The current study reanalyzed these data to characterize sleep spindle density during TMR cue-periods relative to non-cued periods, and whether spindle density correlated with performance. During TMR stimulation, spindle density was significantly higher than during non-stimulation in four time windows. Compared to the non-TMR group, …
Neural Markers Of Musical Memory In Young And Older Adults, Avital Sternin
Neural Markers Of Musical Memory In Young And Older Adults, Avital Sternin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Memory for music can be preserved in the presence of neurodegenerative disorders even when other memories are forgotten. However, understanding how the brain remembers music has proven difficult despite decades of research. The central goal of this thesis was to elucidate the neural correlates of musical memory by exploring how the presence of language and music information affect the way young and older adults remember music. To that end, I 1) used a controlled training paradigm to familiarize participants with novel stimuli that manipulated the presence of language and music, and 2) collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data to compare …
Empathic Processing In Patients With Mild-To-Moderate Stroke, Hilary Dagg
Empathic Processing In Patients With Mild-To-Moderate Stroke, Hilary Dagg
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Recent lesion studies have indicated that regions of the human prefrontal cortex play a critical role in empathy; however, these lesion studies often include patients with severe head injuries. The present study utilizes a cohort of 84 patients with cerebrovascular disease with mild-to-moderate strokes to examine the neural regions involved in empathy. We hypothesized that dissociable areas of the prefrontal cortex are involved in empathy. We predicted that lesions to the inferior prefrontal cortex would result in deficits in empathy compared to superior prefrontal lesions, non-prefrontal lesions, and those with no detectable lesions. To measure empathy, caregiver ratings were obtained …
The Role Of Top-Down Attention In Statistical Learning Of Speech, Stacey Reyes
The Role Of Top-Down Attention In Statistical Learning Of Speech, Stacey Reyes
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Statistical learning (SL) refers to the ability to extract regularities in the environment and has been well-documented to play a key role in speech segmentation and language acquisition. Whether SL is automatic or requires top-down attention is an unresolved question, with conflicting results in the literature. The current proposal tests whether SL can occur outside the focus of attention. Participants either focused towards, or diverted their attention away from an auditory speech stream made of repeating nonsense trisyllabic words. Divided-attention participants either performed a concurrent visual task or a language-related task during exposure to the nonsense speech stream, while control …
A Sense Of Proportion: How Humans Process Relative Magnitudes In Space And Time, Rebekka Lagace-Cusiac
A Sense Of Proportion: How Humans Process Relative Magnitudes In Space And Time, Rebekka Lagace-Cusiac
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Humans perceive ratios for different spatial magnitudes such as length, area, and numerosity, and temporal magnitudes such as duration. Previous studies have shown that spatial ratios may be processed by a common ratio processing system. The aim of the current study was to determine whether ratios across spatial and temporal domains may also be processed by a common system. Two hundred and seventy-five participants completed a series of spatial and temporal ratio estimation and magnitude discrimination tasks. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between ratio processing across domains when controlling for absolute magnitude processing ability. Results …
'The Memory Of All That': The Effects Of Music On Paradoxical Lucidity In Older Adults, Sarah Klapman
'The Memory Of All That': The Effects Of Music On Paradoxical Lucidity In Older Adults, Sarah Klapman
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Some individuals with dementia experience unexplained periods of improved cognition in response to music. We examined the effects of music tempo and familiarity on a cognitively demanding task to replicate this improvement. We had 37 healthy older adults (21 females, mean age 67.5, SD = 5.49) complete a divergent thinking task before and after listening to a 25-minute personalized playlist. Playlists contained music that was either familiar or unfamiliar and either fast or slow. We expected participants in the familiar and fast conditions to score significantly better on the task after listening than those in the unfamiliar and slow conditions, …
Likelihood And Familiarity In The Simulation Of Future Events, Claudia Morales Valiente
Likelihood And Familiarity In The Simulation Of Future Events, Claudia Morales Valiente
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Episodic future thinking is the ability to project the self forward in time to pre-experience an event (Atance & O’Neill, 2001). Understanding how people think about potential future events is an important component of human memory research. We investigated whether and how episodic future thinking is influenced by a person's belief of the likelihood of its future occurrence in their lives, as well as a person's familiarity with that type of event based on their past experience. The combined and individual effects of these variables have been minimally studied, particularly likelihood. We used three norming studies to develop participant-specific sets …
Visual Perception In Hearing Sign Language Users, Jessica M. Lammert
Visual Perception In Hearing Sign Language Users, Jessica M. Lammert
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Deaf signers exhibit superior visual perception compared to hearing controls in several domains, including the perception of faces and peripheral motion. These visual enhancements are thought to compensate for an absence of auditory input. However, it is also possible that they reflect experience using a visual-manual language, where signers must process complex moving hand signs and facial cues simultaneously. Thus, the current study sought to isolate the effects of sign language experience by examining how visual perception is altered as a function of American Sign Language (ASL) proficiency in hearing individuals. Hearing signers completed an online test of ASL proficiency …
Individual Differences In Executive Functioning And Psycho-Emotional Well-Being And The Impact Of Acute Exercise On Children And Youth With Adhd, Madeline Crichton
Individual Differences In Executive Functioning And Psycho-Emotional Well-Being And The Impact Of Acute Exercise On Children And Youth With Adhd, Madeline Crichton
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Short bouts of exercise can improve inhibitory control in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, individual differences among children with ADHD may impact the effectiveness of exercise interventions. We investigated how individual differences in inhibitory control, mood, and self-efficacy impact the efficacy of acute exercise among children with ADHD. Sixteen participants (ages 10-14) completed two interventions: 10 minutes of exercise and 10 minutes of silent reading (control). Inhibitory control was assessed prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and after a 10-minute delay. Results suggested that participants with lower initial inhibitory control benefited more from exercise than …
Is Motor Excitability Modulated By Isochronous Rhythms?, Syed Z. Raza
Is Motor Excitability Modulated By Isochronous Rhythms?, Syed Z. Raza
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Humans perceive and synchronize to regularity in auditory temporal sequences. Auditory regularity activates motor areas, but how the timing of motor responses relates to the regularity is unclear. Thus, we examined whether motor excitability, an index of motor activity, fluctuated to an isochronous sequence and characterized the timing of these fluctuations. Participants heard isochronous tones followed by a short silence, during which they imagined the tones continuing. Using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we indexed excitability throughout the sequence. Cosine models were fit to constructed excitability timecourses to quantify periodicity of the excitability fluctuations. Motor excitability did not fluctuate …