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- Healthcare Professional Empathy; Cancer Screening Continuity; Health Care Mistreatment; Latino Women; Anglo Women (1)
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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Clinical Psychology
Stereotypes About Healthcare Professionals, Emotions, And Mammography Compliance, Kayla M. Kinworthy
Stereotypes About Healthcare Professionals, Emotions, And Mammography Compliance, Kayla M. Kinworthy
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Rates of mammography screening are particularly low for minority women, with only 42% of Latin American (Latino) women in the U.S. reporting having a mammogram in the last year as compared to 53% of non-Latino White (Anglo) women [1]. Minority patients are more likely to report negative healthcare encounters with their health professionals [2; 3], which may result in less favorable cultural stereotypes about healthcare professionals and more negative emotional reactions. Guided by Betancourt’s Integrative Model of Culture, Psychological Processes, and Health Behavior [4] and the Stereotype Content Model [5], the aim of the present research was to examine the …
The Effects Of Appearance-Based Reality Shows On Body Image, Amanda F. Suplee
The Effects Of Appearance-Based Reality Shows On Body Image, Amanda F. Suplee
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Media seems to play the largest role in transmitting messages regarding societal standards of attractiveness; especially in reinforcing the thin ideal for females. There is strong evidence indicating that females who are more likely to make appearance comparisons with thin images in the media often experience negative outcomes. Research has shown that increased exposure to thin images in the media is associated with higher body dissatisfaction and eating disorder features. A form of media that has been given little research attention is reality television, specifically appearance-based reality television. The current study examined the effects of viewership of appearance-based reality television …
The Effects Of Childhood And Combat-Related Trauma On Psychological Outcomes In Veterans, Alyson C. Hermé
The Effects Of Childhood And Combat-Related Trauma On Psychological Outcomes In Veterans, Alyson C. Hermé
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The current study examined if childhood trauma, combat-related trauma, and their interaction predict negative psychiatric outcomes, distress, PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Participants include included 1,281 US military veterans from Loma Linda Veterans Affairs Hospital. Childhood trauma and combat trauma were significantly correlated with the amount of psychological symptoms and distress veterans face when returning from deployment. Multiple regression analysis showed that childhood trauma and combat trauma significantly predicted poor mental health outcomes, distress levels, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Their interaction predicted increased psychiatric symptoms in veterans such that high levels of one trauma resulted in increased symptoms no matter the …
Cognitive Function In The Alcohol Addiction Treatment Population, Suranee Abeyesinhe
Cognitive Function In The Alcohol Addiction Treatment Population, Suranee Abeyesinhe
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Chronic alcohol abuse has been linked to several cognitive deficits, such as problems with spatial processing, decreased executive functioning, impaired verbal fluency, poor working memory, response inhibition, and social problems such as aggression and social deviance. In order for patients to benefit from treatment, they must be able to utilize multiple cognitive functions. Research has shown that patients suffering from cognitive impairments are much more likely to drop out of treatment early, thereby lending them to higher relapse rates. This study aimed to identify cognitive deficits present in the alcohol addiction treatment population, demographic factors associated with higher levels of …
Fibromyalgia And Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Relationship Between Pain, Depression, And Family Health, Macey Wolfe
Fibromyalgia And Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Relationship Between Pain, Depression, And Family Health, Macey Wolfe
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Past research suggests that there is a positive relationship between pain and depression in those with fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis, and negative relationship between depression and family health. However, these relationships have not been examined together using hierarchical linear modeling. Participants were 90 patients with either a fibromyalgia or rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis. A series of questionnaires were used to measure depression, pain, and family health. Using a path analysis it was determined that pain was significantly associated with depression, such that as pain increased by one standard deviation depression increased by .48 standard deviations (β = .48, p < .05). Depression was also significantly associated with family health as depression increased by one standard deviation, family health decreased by .23 standard deviations (β = -.23, p < .05). The relationship between all three of these variables, pain, depression and family health, suggests social support should be considered a target of therapy and services as soon as clients experiencing pain are seen by mental health or health professionals as a proactive attempt to stave off more negative consequences of the pain experienced in this patient group.
Changes In Emotion Drive Perceptual Level Shifts: Global Vs. Local Processing, Seda Terzyan
Changes In Emotion Drive Perceptual Level Shifts: Global Vs. Local Processing, Seda Terzyan
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Different emotional states have been implicated in bringing about specific changes in attention, with positive emotions globalizing attention and negative emotions localizing attention (Fredrickson, 2004). Biases in attentional processes have been associated with the development and maintenance of emotional disorders, anxiety being the most common. Previous studies have shown that anxious individuals present with a bias toward negative information and more readily employ localized attentional processes (Macleod, 2002). This finding demonstrated a link between perceptual levels of attention with higher order conceptual attention, which in turn influences emotional states. Many researchers have explored this relationship, including Fredrickson (2004), who developed …
Effects Of Proton Radiation On Behavior In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, John A. Bellone
Effects Of Proton Radiation On Behavior In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, John A. Bellone
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Astronauts venturing outside Earth’s magnetosphere risk exposure to charged particle radiation that has been shown to cause neurological deficits in rodents via oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, altered neurogenesis, and synaptic changes. Since these responses are similar to those observed in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, we hypothesized that individuals with a propensity toward developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) would be more adversely affected by such exposure. To test this hypothesis, we exposed young double transgenic APP/PSEN1 mice (a commercially available strain engineered to develop AD-like neuropathology) and their wild-type (non-transgenic) counterparts to low doses of 150 MeV proton particle radiation and assessed the effects …
Examination Of Psychopathic Traits And Attention Using The Image Based Parity Task, Veronica Claudia Llamas
Examination Of Psychopathic Traits And Attention Using The Image Based Parity Task, Veronica Claudia Llamas
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Psychopathy has been defined as including deficits in affective, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. Due to the severity of these deficits, several etiological theories have emerged in an attempt to better understand the personality construct. The response modulation hypothesis (RMH; Patterson & Newman, 1993) is a theory growing in popularity among researchers and posits that an inability to reallocate attentional resources to peripheral information moderates the affective and behavioral deficits commonly documented within individuals with psychopathy. Thus, the present study attempted to examine to test the validity of the RMH in a non-incarcerated population. The results somewhat support the theory that …
Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Neurocognitive Performance In Dementia Patients, Christina Mannino
Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Neurocognitive Performance In Dementia Patients, Christina Mannino
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Dementia has become a serious problem worldwide due to the rapidly increasing incidence rate and the lack of effective treatments that cure or slow disease progression, and thus. prevention is crucial. Some studies suggests that cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing dementia, but others suggest that smoking may have a neuroprotective effect. To clarify our understanding of the relationship between cigarette smoking and dementia, this study examined the effects of smoking on multiple cognitive domains via secondary data analysis of a sample consisting of 54% female subjects with an average age of 58±13 years. Measures of executive function, …
Simpatia And Negative Interpersonal Emotions In Continuity Of Health Care, Andres Gilberto Mendez
Simpatia And Negative Interpersonal Emotions In Continuity Of Health Care, Andres Gilberto Mendez
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Past research has demonstrated that continuity of care has positive outcomes for patients. Continuous care has been shown to have positive outcomes for the patient, including increased patient satisfaction, decreased hospitalizations, decreased emergency department visits, and improved receipt of preventive services. Guided by Betancourt’s Integrative Model for the Study of Culture, Psychological Processes, and Health Behaviors, the aim of this research was to examine the role of cultural scripts and mistreatment related negative interpersonal emotions on continuity of care among Latin American (Latino) and Non-Latino White (Anglo) women. Specifically, this study examined the effect of simpatía, a cultural script that …
The Impact Of Trauma And Attachment On Eating Disorder Symptomology, Julie A. Hewett
The Impact Of Trauma And Attachment On Eating Disorder Symptomology, Julie A. Hewett
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Previous research has shown both indirect and direct links between trauma and eating disorders. Those with eating disorder psychopathology have also demonstrated more insecure attachments. To explore relationship between trauma and eating disorder severity, female adults with Anorexia Nervosa (n = 36) and Bulimia Nervosa = 47) were compared on measures of attachment, trauma, body image disturbance, and eating disorder psychopathology. Eighty-six percent of participants reported at least one traumatic experience. Trauma, attachment, and body image disturbance independently predicted eating disorder severity. However, there were no mediating or moderating effects of attachment or body image disturbance on eating disorder psychopathology.
Cultural And Psychological Predictors Of Adolescent Smoking Behaviors, Susan Lee
Cultural And Psychological Predictors Of Adolescent Smoking Behaviors, Susan Lee
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Studies show that smoking rates differ across ethnic groups, but it remains unclear why this is the case or what unique factors predict smoking behaviors in each group. No studies have examined the role culture plays in smoking behaviors in the context of other commonly cited predictors of behaviors. Participants included 42 students recruited from De Anza 9th grade Academy in Southern California. The mean age of the students was 15 years old (SD = 0.55). This age group was selected because it is the time when adolescents are most likely to first try smoking. There were 51.2% males and …
Predicting Cognitive Decline In Older Adults, Kimberly M. Baerresen
Predicting Cognitive Decline In Older Adults, Kimberly M. Baerresen
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The investigator sought to determine which neuropsychological tests are more likely to predict an individual’s cognitive decline (i.e., normal to mild cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease) two years prior to conversion. A sample of non-decliners (N=109) compared to those who declined (N=24) in cognitive status (i.e., mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease) with a mean age of 61.44 (SD=11.29) was examined. Results indicate the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Retention Trial (RCFT Retention; OR=0.93, p=0.005) is a significant predictor of conversion to MCI and the Buschke Delay (OR=0.54, p=0.017) is a significant predictor of conversion to AD. Due …
Fatalistic Cultural Beliefs In Achievement Aspiration In The U.S. And Chile, Susan Lee
Fatalistic Cultural Beliefs In Achievement Aspiration In The U.S. And Chile, Susan Lee
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Betancourt’s integrative Model for the Study of Culture and Behavior (Betancourt, Flynn, Riggs, & Garberoglio, 2010; Betancourt, Hardin, & Manzi, 1992; Betancourt & Lopez, 1993) was used to test whether fatalistic cultural beliefs differentially influenced achievement aspiration among adolescents from different cultural groups in Chile (Mapuche and Mainstream Chileans) and the U.S. (Latino and Anglo). The results were as follows: 1) Higher levels of fatalism did negatively influence achievement aspiration, in Chile and the U.S., 2) Students in Chile and the U.S. had similar levels of cultural beliefs, 3) SES groups had significant differences in fatalism levels among mainstream and …
Ppi-R: Factor Structure In A Diverse Subclinical Sample, Veronica Claudia Llamas
Ppi-R: Factor Structure In A Diverse Subclinical Sample, Veronica Claudia Llamas
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Literature examining the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory – Revised (PPI-R) has yielded mixed results. This study attempted to examine the three proposed factor structures (one-, two-, or three-) for the PPI-R utilizing a mixed gender undergraduate sample. Results demonstrated poor fit for each of the three proposed factor structures within the present sample. Post-hoc exploratory factor analysis of the PPI-R items revealed that seven of the eight original subscales from the measure were found to be salient. Rebellious nonconformity was the only subscale that was not able to be extracted. Furthermore, only 81 out of the 131 …
Parental Mental Health: The Role Of Parental Attachment To Their Child With Asd, Adrianna Elyse Holness
Parental Mental Health: The Role Of Parental Attachment To Their Child With Asd, Adrianna Elyse Holness
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Research suggests that parents of children with an Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience higher levels of stress than both those of typically developing children and children with other developmental disabilities. Parental stress may spill over into additional domains of parental competence, impairing parental mental health, and parents’ ability to bond with their child. Little research has addressed the impact of the parent-child bond on parental stress. The current study used data from the Mindful Awareness for Parenting Stress project (MAPS) at Loma Linda University to further our understanding of parents’ attachment to the child and parental stress examining whether parental …
Parental Depression And Child Behavior Problems: A Closer Examination, Yangmu Xu
Parental Depression And Child Behavior Problems: A Closer Examination, Yangmu Xu
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher rates of depressive symptoms, and parental depressive symptoms are strongly associated with problem behaviors in children. However, the direction of effect between parental depression and child behavior problems is unclear. Additionally, the mechanisms through which parental depression contributes to child behavior problems and vice versa are not well understood. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between parental depression and child behavior problems among families of children with ASD; more specifically to investigate as mediating variables that may explain the mechanisms through which parental depression and …
Perceived Empathy And Continuity Of Cancer Screening Care Among Latino And Anglo Women, Jael Aniuska Amador
Perceived Empathy And Continuity Of Cancer Screening Care Among Latino And Anglo Women, Jael Aniuska Amador
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The purpose of this study was to examine whether patient perceived healthcare professional empathy impacts continuity of cancer screening care among non-Latino white (Anglo) and Latin American (Latino) women after perceiving health care mistreatment. A total of 225 Latino and Anglo women responded to a newly developed patient perceived healthcare professional empathy scale and a measure of continuity of cancer screening care. After controlling for covariates, empathy was found to vary significantly by ethnicity, with Latino women reporting higher patient perceived empathy than Anglo women. For both ethnic groups, higher patient perceived healthcare professional empathy was associated with greater continuity …
A Guide For The Psychosocial Treatment Of Infertility, Linnea Esselstrom
A Guide For The Psychosocial Treatment Of Infertility, Linnea Esselstrom
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Infertility is a growing area of the medical field and a common problem experienced by couples and individuals during their lifetime. Stress is known to decrease fertility in men and women, and may also impact fertility treatment outcomes. Psychological burden is associated with treatment discontinuation, due to the physical and emotional stress associated with the personal, social, and medical aspects of infertility. A review of the research literature was conducted to examine the impact of infertility on social and psychological domains, as well as identify the relationship between stress, distress, and infertility, to inform how mental health services may improve …
Heart-Focused Anxiety As A Predictor Of Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance, Angelyna M. Hinkle
Heart-Focused Anxiety As A Predictor Of Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance, Angelyna M. Hinkle
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death and functional impairment in North America. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) significantly improves health outcomes, yet adherence to treatment is a major obstacle for this population. Psychosocial factors such as depression have been identified as barriers to rehabilitation attendance, but evidence for anxiety as a potential barrier has been inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to test a more specific type of anxiety, heart-focused anxiety, as a predictor of CR attendance. Thirty-two participants between 39 and 87 years of age (M = 63.66, SD = 12.54, 53.1% female) were recruited from the …
Emotional Memory: The Effects Of Temporal Pressure On Episodic Memory, Audrey E. Martinez
Emotional Memory: The Effects Of Temporal Pressure On Episodic Memory, Audrey E. Martinez
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Priority Binding theory (MacKay et al., 2004) proposes that under temporal pressure arousing negative stimuli delay binding of neutral items presented in close temporal proximity (as in lists with mixed neutral and negative stimuli). With fast presentation rates, a subsequent negative item may interrupt the binding process for the preceding neutral stimulus. This results in more accurate memory for negative images presented in mixed lists. However, in slow presentation rates, binding occurs equally for all items. Therefor, no such advantage is predicted comparing images presented in lists of the same valence. This study examined the predictions of priority binding theory …