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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
A Multi-Level Analysis Of The Effects Of Statistics Anxiety/Attitudes On Trajectories Of Exam Scores, Kelly Rhea Macarthur, Jonathan Santo
A Multi-Level Analysis Of The Effects Of Statistics Anxiety/Attitudes On Trajectories Of Exam Scores, Kelly Rhea Macarthur, Jonathan Santo
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study explores three understudied facets—quadratic effects, change over time, and gender as a moderator—of the otherwise well-documented relationships between statistics anxiety and academic performance. Using pre- and post- course survey data among a sample of 111 undergraduate students in Social Statistics courses at a U.S. Midwestern university, we employ hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to test for relationships between change in the six dimensions of the Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS) and exam grades over the course of the semester. We find that exam grades decreased over time, but at different rates across gender and the six STARS dimensions. We …
Gender And Emotions At Work: Organizational Rank Has Greater Emotional Benefits For Men Than Women, Christa L. Taylor, Zorana Ivcevic, Julia Moeller, Jochen I. Menges, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Marc A. Brackett
Gender And Emotions At Work: Organizational Rank Has Greater Emotional Benefits For Men Than Women, Christa L. Taylor, Zorana Ivcevic, Julia Moeller, Jochen I. Menges, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Marc A. Brackett
Psychology Faculty Publications
The way people feel is important for how they behave and perform in the workplace. Experiencing more positive−and less negative−emotions at work is often associated with greater status and power. But there may be differences in how men and women feel at work, particularly at different levels in their organizations. Using data from a nation-wide sample of working adults, we examine differences in the emotions that men and women experience at work, how gender interacts with rank to predict emotions, if the association between gender and emotions is accounted for by emotional labor demands, and if this relationship differs according …
Gender Differences In The Effects Of Complementary Versus Competitive Gender Stereotypes On System Justification And Tolerance Of Sexism, Jordyn Bingham
Gender Differences In The Effects Of Complementary Versus Competitive Gender Stereotypes On System Justification And Tolerance Of Sexism, Jordyn Bingham
Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects
Research has shown that people often support social systems that are not in their best interests (Kay & Jost, 2003). One way that people may justify support for such social systems is by focusing on beneficial characteristics. For example, people exhibit greater system justification when people are described as poor but happy (complementary attributes) as opposed to poor and unhappy (non-complementary attributes) (Kay & Jost, 2003). The present study examined the effects of complementary (i.e., that women and men fulfill different career roles) versus competitive (i.e., that women and men compete for the same career roles) gender stereotypes on women’s …
Benevolence Toward Men And Political Conservatism Among Married And Never-Married Women, Tara Goering
Benevolence Toward Men And Political Conservatism Among Married And Never-Married Women, Tara Goering
Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects
Research indicates that sexism allows women to justify men’s privileged status; indeed, sexism has predicted women’s conservative vote choice (Cassese & Barnes, 2018). Benevolent attitudes toward men (BM) are based in beliefs about women and men’s interdependence (Glick & Fiske, 1999). Married women may experience greater interdependence and may desire to preserve beneficial structural power systems. The present research examined the relationship of BM to political conservatism among married and never-married women. Married and never-married women recruited from Prolific Academic completed a measure of political conservatism and the 10-item BM scale (Glick & Fiske, 1999). The results indicated that, as …
I Like You, Do You Like Me? How Gender, Context, And Aggression Predict Liking., Michaela Marian, Josafa M. Da Cunha, Jonathan Santo
I Like You, Do You Like Me? How Gender, Context, And Aggression Predict Liking., Michaela Marian, Josafa M. Da Cunha, Jonathan Santo
Psychology Faculty Publications
Prosocial behaviors are correlated with positive relationships and acceptance by peers while aggression is correlated with negative relationships and rejection by peers. Peer aggression is also negatively correlated with peer liking, though the relationship may differ based on gender and norms. The current study examines the relationship between the different forms of aggression (physical, verbal, relational) and peer liking. The study asked 148 students from five classrooms in Curitiba, Brazil to complete peer nominations of their classmates and nominate students who were aggressive as well as rate how much they liked each peer. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the …
Leadership In Workplace Meetings: The Intersection Of Leadership Styles And Follower Gender, Joseph R. Mroz, Michael Yoerger, Joseph A. Allen
Leadership In Workplace Meetings: The Intersection Of Leadership Styles And Follower Gender, Joseph R. Mroz, Michael Yoerger, Joseph A. Allen
Psychology Faculty Publications
Meetings are ubiquitous across organizations, yet researchers have paid scant attention to the role of meeting leaders in affecting meeting outcomes. Because meetings are important discursive sites, the style of a meeting leader may influence subordinate views of the meeting and leader. Using a sample of working adults, we first demonstrated that meeting attendees who perceived their leader as participative viewed the leader as more warm and competent than meeting attendees who had a directive leader. We explain this finding through the framework of social exchange theory. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment to further probe the relation between …
Parent-Adolescent Involvement: The Relative Influence Of Parent Gender And Residence, Daniel Hawkins, Paul R. Amato, Valarie King
Parent-Adolescent Involvement: The Relative Influence Of Parent Gender And Residence, Daniel Hawkins, Paul R. Amato, Valarie King
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
The 1995 wave of the Add Health study is used to investigate the relative influence of parent gender and residence on patterns of parental involvement with adolescents. Adolescent reports (N = 17,330) of shared activities, shared communication, and relationship quality with both biological parents are utilized. A multidimensional scaling analysis reveals that parent gender explains most of the variance in parent-adolescent involvement, with residential status playing a secondary yet fundamental role in accounting for these patterns. Resident mothers who do not live with adolescents’ biological fathers engage in the broadest range of activities with their children. Unpartnered resident fathers display …
Altruism In The Context Of Door-Courtesy Behaviors Among College Students, Landen M. Roundy, Meagan E. Griffith, Sarah E. Jensen, Joseph A. Allen
Altruism In The Context Of Door-Courtesy Behaviors Among College Students, Landen M. Roundy, Meagan E. Griffith, Sarah E. Jensen, Joseph A. Allen
Psychology Faculty Publications
Altruism has been debated as both selfishly and selflessly motivated. Though there are many possible illustrations of altruism in daily activities, a simple model to measure altruism is observing door-holding behaviors. This study observes the door-holding behavior patterns of undergraduate college students, assessing the sex differences and the possibility of an altruistic theme within the observed population. A general sex difference was found illustrating that males hold the door more often than females. Implications of the results are discussed.
An Observational Study Of Delivered And Received Aggression, Gender, And Social-Psychological Adjustment In Preschool: Abstract "This White Crayon Doesn't Work ... ", Jamie M. Ostrov, Kathleen E. Woods, Elizabeth A. Jansen Yeh, Juan F. Casas, Nikki R. Crick
An Observational Study Of Delivered And Received Aggression, Gender, And Social-Psychological Adjustment In Preschool: Abstract "This White Crayon Doesn't Work ... ", Jamie M. Ostrov, Kathleen E. Woods, Elizabeth A. Jansen Yeh, Juan F. Casas, Nikki R. Crick
Psychology Faculty Publications
A semi-structured observational study investigated gender differences in delivered and received relational, physical, verbal, and nonverbal aggression in a young preschool sample (N = 60). Findings revealed that gender differences in subtypes of aggression may be apparent as early as 3 years of age. Specifically, girls were found to deliver and receive more relational aggression than males, whereas boys tended, although not significantly, to deliver and significantly received more physical aggression than females. Relational and physical subtypes of delivered and received aggression were differentially associated with preschoolers' social-psychological adjustment.
Toward A More Comprehensive Understanding Of Peer Maltreatment: Studies Of Relational Victimization, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, David A. Nelson
Toward A More Comprehensive Understanding Of Peer Maltreatment: Studies Of Relational Victimization, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, David A. Nelson
Psychology Faculty Publications
Although many past studies of peer maltreatment have focused on physical victimization, the importance of an empirical focus on relational victimization has only recently been recognized. In relational victimization, the perpetrator attempts to harm the target through the manipulation of relationships, threat of damage to them, or both. We review what is currently known about relational victimization with three issues in mind: (a) developmental changes in the manifestation of relational victimization, (b) gender differences in the likelihood of being victimized, and (c) evidence that relational victimization is harmful.
Incidental Memory For Spatial Information In Young Children As A Function Of Age And Gender, Isabelle D. Cherney
Incidental Memory For Spatial Information In Young Children As A Function Of Age And Gender, Isabelle D. Cherney
Student Work
The purpose of the present study was to investigate Hasher and Zacks' (1979,1984) automaticity theory of memory for spatial location information in young children using two incidental memory tasks. A total of 96 three- and fiveyear- olds (48 boys and 48 girls) were randomly assigned to either the "manipulation condition" (MC) or the "observation condition" (OC). In order to assess task difficulty, half of the participants manipulated a total of 18 genderstereotyped animal toys (male, female, neutral) and half of the participants a total of 9. After a 2 minute filler task, the participants were instructed to return the animals …
The Effects Of Gender Of Observers And Victims On Perceptions Of Fairness In Unjust Situations., Laura Leah Josoff
The Effects Of Gender Of Observers And Victims On Perceptions Of Fairness In Unjust Situations., Laura Leah Josoff
Student Work
The effects of gender of observers and victims on perceptions of fairness in unjust situations were investigated. Subjects participated in group sessions and were blocked by gender and then assigned to either the disadvantaged female (read a composition concerning a femal who received poor outcomes) or disadvantaged male (read a composition concerning a male who received poor outcomes) group. After reading the composition, subjects completed a questionnaire which was related to the composition. It was expected that the perception of fairness would depend upon the gender of the perceiver as well as the gender of the victim. Specifically, females would …