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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Development Of A Measure Of Men's Objectification Of Women, Liza Zolot '03
The Development Of A Measure Of Men's Objectification Of Women, Liza Zolot '03
Honors Projects
Objectification is any action that separates a woman's body, body parts, or sexual functions from her person, or regards her as if her body were capable of representing her. This study aimed to develop a measure of men's objectifying attitudes and behaviors towards women. Based on research in areas of sexual harassment and self-objectification, items for this measure were developed across six categories: exclusion of face and emphasis on body, independence from attraction, disempathy/ disrespect, anonymity, surveillance, and social behaviors. Sixty items were created across these categories, and the measure was distributed to 93 Illinois Wesleyan University male students. Internal …
Two Facets Of Competitiveness And Their Influence On Psychological Adjustment, Elaine Kayhan '03
Two Facets Of Competitiveness And Their Influence On Psychological Adjustment, Elaine Kayhan '03
Honors Projects
This study was conducted to explore the influence of competitiveness as a personality trait on psychological adjustment. Competitiveness was differentiated into two distinct facets referred to as superiority competitiveness and mastery competitiveness. In terms of psychological adjustment, the effects of these facets of competitiveness on depression, loneliness, self-esteem, anxiety, and eating patterns were examined. Questionnaires were used to assess the aforementioned dimensions. The results of the study revealed some noteworthy gender differences. Among females, superiority competitiveness was associated with higher levels of depression. Among males, superiority competitiveness was associated with less loneliness. A significant association was also observed between mastery …
The Effect Of Extracurricular Activities On School Dropout, Jilann M. Bush '03
The Effect Of Extracurricular Activities On School Dropout, Jilann M. Bush '03
Honors Projects
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between participation extracurricular activities and school dropout. Social and classroom engagement were analyzed as possible mediating factors in the relation. Longitudinal data from a study conducted by French, Conrad, and Turner (1995) was used in the analysis, along with extracurricular data collected from school yearbooks. Hierarchal binary logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of participation in five types of extracurricular activities (athletics, fine arts, academic clubs, interest groups, and leadership positions) on school dropout rates as well as to assess the role of engagement in the relation. Participation …
Differences In Friendship Qualities Of Korean And American College Students, Yun-Sun Alexis Bae '03
Differences In Friendship Qualities Of Korean And American College Students, Yun-Sun Alexis Bae '03
Honors Projects
The present study explored the friendship characteristics of Korean and American college students. Participants (41 Koreans and 87 Americans) described their friends using a questionnaire (Friendship Quality Questionnaire) and an interview. Because of the inadequacy of the interview coding system, the interview data were not analyzed. Analysis of the FQQ supported the hypothesis that Koreans exhibit higher exclusivity than Americans, but no other country effects emerged. Both U.S. and Korean women reported more intimate disclosure than men. Friendship characteristics of Korea and U.S. students were conceptualized using concepts such as Individualism and Collectivism, Confucianism, and the Korean term "cheong" (affection). …
Enduring Deep Sorrow: Depression Among Religious College Women, Kara E. Wolff '03
Enduring Deep Sorrow: Depression Among Religious College Women, Kara E. Wolff '03
Honors Projects
The transition into college can lead to stress which can lead to depression in both men and women (e.g. Lopez & Gormley, 2002). Depression cripples both men and women. The lifetime risk of major depression is 10-25% for women and 5-12% for men (Greenspan, 2001). Mild symptoms rob men and women of energy needed for academic and social pursuits (Beeber, 1999). Depression results in poor over-all functioning, emotional behavioral problems and low self-esteem (Reinherz, Giaconia, Hauf, Wasserman & Silverman, 1999). Individuals with depression also have more problems in intimate relationships with friends and family (Reinherz et al., 1999). This exploratory …
The Role Of Prefrontal Theta Reset In Learning And Memory, Stephen W. Smith '03
The Role Of Prefrontal Theta Reset In Learning And Memory, Stephen W. Smith '03
Honors Projects
Theta reset, in which the rhythmic firing of neurons stops and then restarts to the onset of a stimulus, is believed to improve encoding and retrieval of stimuli by causing stimuli to be time-locked to waves of depolarization in the HPC. Recent research by Williams et al. (in preparation) has demonstrated that, in rats, theta reset occurs 1) in several cortical areas including the anterior cingulate (AC), 2) occurs during different phases of a working memory task for different cortical areas, and 3) can be predictive of working memory task performance. In the current study, human participants received EEG recording …
Threatening Masculinity And Its Effects On Antigay Attitudes And Behaviors, Frances C. Shen '03
Threatening Masculinity And Its Effects On Antigay Attitudes And Behaviors, Frances C. Shen '03
Honors Projects
This study examined the relationship between threatening masculinity identity in men and subsequent antigay attitudes and behaviors. In a group testing session, masculinity levels were assessed in college men using the Male Role Norm Scale. Male participants were called back for the experimental manipulation, in which they were assigned to one of two conditions. In the masculine threat condition, participants took a test supposedly measuring masculine knowledge and received false feedback of poor performance. In the no threat condition, participants took a test supposedly measuring general knowledge without receiving any feedback. Following the experimental manipulation, a male confederate that participants …
Narrative Understanding And Theory Of Mind In Preschoolers, Arpita A. Shah '03
Narrative Understanding And Theory Of Mind In Preschoolers, Arpita A. Shah '03
Honors Projects
Social cognitive development is a phenomenon psychologists have studied for many years. Recent studies have focused on children's understanding of a theory of mind, that is, understanding what it means to say that someone thinks, believes, or knows something. In other words, a theory of mind represents an understanding of epistemic mental states that humans use to describe, predict, and explain behavior (Baron-Cohen, 1996). The present study examined the relation between a developing theory of mind and language ability, by specifically examining changes in children's understanding of the feelings, thoughts, and actions of storybook characters. Children (n=21; aged 34 to …
Masculinity And Homophobia: Does Masculine Threat Increase Homophobic Behavior?, Julie M. Longo '03
Masculinity And Homophobia: Does Masculine Threat Increase Homophobic Behavior?, Julie M. Longo '03
Honors Projects
Threatened masculinity may play a role in homophobic responses in college men. In this study, homophobic or non-homophobic responses to a gay confederate were measured after a masculine threat or no threat manipulation. 49 college men participated in the study: 24 in the masculine threat condition and 25 in the no threat condition. Masculinity level was pre-determined in an initial phase one testing using the Male Role Norms Scale (MRNS). In the masculine threat condition, participants were given a test that was said to measure masculine knowledge and then received false negative feedback. The no threat condition involved a general …
The Effects Of A Parent-Child Communication Intervention On The Worries Of Siblings Of Children With Autism, Erin L. O'Neill '03
The Effects Of A Parent-Child Communication Intervention On The Worries Of Siblings Of Children With Autism, Erin L. O'Neill '03
Honors Projects
This study was designed to assess the effects of parent-child activities on the siblings and parents of children with autism. Existing research suggests that the experience of having an autistic child in the family is highly variable and may have negative outcomes for the typical sibling. The difficulty in predicting sibling outcome may be caused by the lack of a theoretical framework organizing the factors hypothetically affecting sibling coping abilities, therefore a stress and coping model of siblings of children with autism is provided. Currently there has been only limited information reporting successful intervention efforts for this population. The current …