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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Support For Gestalt Versus Business-As-Usual Theories Of Insight Depends On Operational Definition Of Insight, Kimberly D. Lee
Support For Gestalt Versus Business-As-Usual Theories Of Insight Depends On Operational Definition Of Insight, Kimberly D. Lee
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
Some theories propose that insight involves automatic processes that are responsible for restructuring. Other theories postulate that the mechanisms surrounding restructuring are controlled and effortful. The current study tested these theories by comparing different methodology and operational definitions that have been used in previous research to investigate the nature of “Aha!” experiences and impasse in insightful problem solving. One hundred two undergraduate psychology students from Old Dominion University completed working memory tasks, six classic insight problems, and gave initial problem representation ratings for the insight problems before solution attempt. Using a think-aloud protocol, we assessed the occurrence of impasse during …
Assessing The Effectiveness Of An Interval Estimation And A Visual-Spatial Secondary Task As Measures Of Mental Workload During Laparoscopy, Levi Parker Warvel
Assessing The Effectiveness Of An Interval Estimation And A Visual-Spatial Secondary Task As Measures Of Mental Workload During Laparoscopy, Levi Parker Warvel
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
The goal of the present study was to compare two secondary workload tasks, specifically a time interval estimation and visual-spatial task, to determine which of these is most appropriate for the assessment of laparoscopic mental workload. Participants performed a peg transfer task in two conditions: a normal camera angle and a 90° camera angle intended to increase mental workload. Based on multiple resource theory, it was predicted the visual-spatial task would be more sensitive to the workload manipulation than the time estimation task because it draws upon the specific, as opposed to more general, attentional resources required by laparoscopy. Primary …
The Effects Of Mental Models And Expertise On Running Memory And Clinical Handoff Effectiveness, Brittany Lee Anderson-Montoya
The Effects Of Mental Models And Expertise On Running Memory And Clinical Handoff Effectiveness, Brittany Lee Anderson-Montoya
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of mental models and expertise on the ability to process handoffs of information. In addition, the role of active or passive processing was examined. Three groups of participants participated, differing in their level of clinical expertise to represent a novice, intermediate, and expert population. Participants performed an abstract running memory span task and two tasks resembling real world activities, an air traffic control (ATC) handoff task, and a clinical handoff task. For all tasks list length and the amount of information to be recalled was manipulated. Further, in the …
Categorizing Fetal Heart Rate Variability With And Without Visual Aids, Amanda Jane Ashdown
Categorizing Fetal Heart Rate Variability With And Without Visual Aids, Amanda Jane Ashdown
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
This present study examined the ability of clinicians and novices to correctly categorize fetal heart rate (FHR) variability with and without the use of exemplars. Clinicians and undergraduate students were asked to inspect FHR images and determine into which of four categories they belonged. Each participant took part in three conditions: one in which they were provided exemplars of prototypical FHR variability to use during their categorization task, another in which they were provided exemplars of nonprototypical FHR variability to use in their task, and a control condition in which no exemplars were available. The results showed that experts were …