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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Together: Exploring A Solution-Focused Activity For Parent And Young Adult Relationships, Ashley Bruehlman
Together: Exploring A Solution-Focused Activity For Parent And Young Adult Relationships, Ashley Bruehlman
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Parents and young adults share an important and interdependent relationship that. This mixed-methods cross-sectional study examined the systemic impact of a brief solution-focused activity to promote empathy within parent/young adult relationships (paired, n = 73). Baseline well-being and empathy scores were recorded on 5-point Likert scales. Quantitative findings highlight above average well-being scores for parents and young adults. Researchers found a significant correlation between parent and young adult well-being and empathy scores suggesting an interdependent relationship. Additionally, researchers found a significant linear correlation for parent and young adult well-being scores as predictive of empathy scores. Qualitative findings from the brief …
Masturbatory Behaviors Among Older Adult Populations: A Literature Review, Brandon Tischer
Masturbatory Behaviors Among Older Adult Populations: A Literature Review, Brandon Tischer
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Sexual behaviors, such as masturbation, extend into older adulthood (50+ years in chronological age) and are present at all stages of the aging process. Different living situations and circumstances for older adults can affect masturbatory behavior, such as death of spouse, living in long-term care facilities, and cognitive decline. This literature review evaluates extant research on older adult masturbation, comprising 29 articles included in the final review, all published between 1991 and 2021. They consist of literature reviews, meta-studies, cross-sectional studies, semi-structured interviews, systematic reviews, and case studies. Current evidence suggests that masturbatory behaviors are an important part of older …
Spaced And Expanded Practice: An Investigation Of Methods To Enhance Retention, Katherine Kalenberg
Spaced And Expanded Practice: An Investigation Of Methods To Enhance Retention, Katherine Kalenberg
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
In order to promote quality instruction and maximized student learning, it is essential for schools to integrate the most practical, effective, and efficient teaching methods into the curriculum. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of various spacing patterns between practice sessions on retention of information. This study investigated the effects of practice at consistent intervals (spaced practice), practice at increasing intervals (expanded practice), and no practice. Participants were taught a set of eight unknown math words and definitions using incremental rehearsal (IR). After the teaching session, students in expanded and spaced practice conditions participated in three …
Possible Psychological Effects Of Ultrasound Scanning On Women, Hang Wu
Possible Psychological Effects Of Ultrasound Scanning On Women, Hang Wu
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Questionnaires were designed and given to 30 female subjects to investigate the possible psychological effects caused by the use of ultrasound scanning. The answers were analyzed in a numerical way and correlation tests were run to explore the relations among various factors. No significant correlation was found between any pair of the four selected factors. Further interviews with the subjects and detailed qualitative study of the answers provided answers for the results, and suggested that the possible psychological effects introduced by the ultrasound scanning, if any, were very limited.
Using Social Cognitive Theory To Predict Behavior, Gretchen Walker, Amy Posner
Using Social Cognitive Theory To Predict Behavior, Gretchen Walker, Amy Posner
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model where self-efficacy is hypothesized to influence people’s behavioral intentions directly and indirectly through effects on outcome expectancy. Data on self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and intention to jog two consecutive miles were collected from 115 college students enrolled in general education classes. As anticipated, path analyses indicated that efficacy had both a direct impact on intention and an indirect impact through its effects on outcome expectancy. The more efficacious people were, the more positive the outcomes they associated with jogging and the surer they were they would jog. The model tested …
Effects Of Popular Music On Memorization Tasks, Kristin Sandberg, Sarah Harmon
Effects Of Popular Music On Memorization Tasks, Kristin Sandberg, Sarah Harmon
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
This study investigated the effects that popular music has on memory performance. It was proposed that popular music would adversely affect both studying and memory recall. Forty introductory psychology students participated in the study. Subjects were given a list of fifty words to study in 6 ½ minutes, with music either being present or absent. This was termed the learning stage. In this study, four conditions were tested. In all 4 conditions, subjects were assigned to either a “music” pre-period or a “non-music” pre-period and a “music” post-period or a “non-music” post-period. After they had studied the words, subjects were …
The Effects Of Room Color On Stress Perception: Red Versus Green Environments, Teresa M. Kutchma
The Effects Of Room Color On Stress Perception: Red Versus Green Environments, Teresa M. Kutchma
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of red versus green room colors on individual perception of stress. Room color was found through previous studies to have specific effects on psychomotor activity and emotional states. Correlations were found between red room color and emotional and physical stimulation, while green was associated with inhibitory effects. Additionally, Goldstein’s theory of color perception showed that red has stimulating effects on human behavior. Subjects consisted of 15 female and 15 male college freshmen at Minnesota State University, Mankato. An experimental booth was used for red, green and white room conditions. Subjects …
Correlation Between Health And Stress, Hang Wu
Correlation Between Health And Stress, Hang Wu
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
This study examined participants’ level of stress and their perceived level of stress and success in school. The subjects were given the stress questionnaire in order to determine the level of stress they were experiencing and the frequency of health issues experienced during the previous year. The results of the study suggest that although level of stress may be similar between individuals, how they perceived the stress impacted their health level. Students who perceived the stress in a negative fashion were more likely to be sick than individuals who were less impacted by the stress. By identifying the correlation between …
Effects Of Race Of Attractiveness Ratings And Individuals Physical Attractiveness Stereotypes, Aaron Karst
Effects Of Race Of Attractiveness Ratings And Individuals Physical Attractiveness Stereotypes, Aaron Karst
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
The purpose of this research project was to investigate the “physical attractiveness stereotype”. Previous research suggests that the physical attractiveness plays an important role in how we ascribe certain personality traits. Weiten (2002) for example, noted the stereotype as people’s tendency “to ascribe socially desirable personality traits to individuals who are considered to be more attractive, seeing them as more sociable, poised, and well adjusted than those who are less attractive”. However, very little research has been conducted to explore the role race may have on the concept. The current study was conducted to explore the validity of the physical …
Distinguishing Observed Inattentive Behaviors In The College Classroom As They Correlate To Brain Wave Activity Utilizing A Wireless Electroencephalograph, Christopher J. Aura, Matthew R. Stanton
Distinguishing Observed Inattentive Behaviors In The College Classroom As They Correlate To Brain Wave Activity Utilizing A Wireless Electroencephalograph, Christopher J. Aura, Matthew R. Stanton
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
A significant amount of research has been devoted to the behavioral correlates of inattention in children (A.P.A., 2000; Arnold, 2000; Gordon & Barkley, 1998). It is proposed by the authors that college students, in their several years of experience, are much more capable of masking these trademark behaviors. When a child loses interest they will begin to openly look around the room, shift in their seat, or chat with their neighbors (Sandberg, Rutter & Taylor, 1978; Arnold, 2000). College students however, are proposed to candidly fidget, shift in their seat, or even maintain eye contact with their instructor while “daydreaming”. …
The Basis Of Self And Other In Gender Constructed Identity, Julie L. Lemley
The Basis Of Self And Other In Gender Constructed Identity, Julie L. Lemley
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
This paper is an extension of previous research projects wherein I applied theories of identity and labeling (Garfinkle), power (French and Raven) and gender (Pearson, West and Turner) to adolescent girls’ identity construction. Using methods of textual criticism, I argued then that the advertising targeting adolescent girls at the crucial transitional period between child identity and adult identity was dominated by patriarchal imagery, the implications of which are sexual violence, low-self esteem and self-objectification by young women. This paper applies the same methodology but to identity formation of adolescent boys, arguing on the basis of Hegel’s master-slave dialectic that adolescent …
Trust Formation Across Multiple Levels Of Virtuality, Amanda Woller
Trust Formation Across Multiple Levels Of Virtuality, Amanda Woller
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
This study looked at the formation of trust in relation to different levels of group virtuality. Undergraduate students worked in pairs on the game, Command and Conquer: Generals. Teams either worked together face-to-face; met first and then were separated to work together; or were completely separated for the duration of the activity. Face-to-face groups were expected to have higher levels of trust than virtual groups, while the groups that met first were expected to have higher levels of trust than the completely virtual group. Results showed that face-to-face and meeting first groups had higher levels of trust than completely virtual …
The Impact Of Weather Conditions On Mood Variability In Geographically Relocated Versus Non-Relocated Individuals, Jamie M. Scott
The Impact Of Weather Conditions On Mood Variability In Geographically Relocated Versus Non-Relocated Individuals, Jamie M. Scott
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
A void exists in the literature in regards to how identical weather conditions impact individuals from different geographic locations. It is believed relocated individuals are more susceptible to fluctuations in mood stemming from novel weather conditions than indigenous individuals. The sample consisted of 70 life-long Minnesota residents and 25 individuals who have spent minimum of one year living outside of Minnesota. Participants completed a mood self-report measure online for four consecutive weeks to determine positive and negative affect levels. Data was then matched with corresponding weather data for the same time period. No support was found for the hypothesis. However, …
School Psychology Practice And Job Satisfaction, Rebecca Fenicle
School Psychology Practice And Job Satisfaction, Rebecca Fenicle
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
School Psychology as a profession has been shown in numerous studies to be characteristic of high job satisfaction. There are many factors that influence job satisfaction. This study was concerned with the roles of school psychologists in Minnesota and whether a discrepancy in actual and desired roles may effect job satisfaction. “Survey of the Professional Practices of Minnesota School Psychologists” was distributed to practicing school psychologists in Minnesota through an email with a URL link. The on-line survey contained questions concerning demographics, practices (actual/desired), adequacy of training program, barriers, and job satisfaction. This study analyzed the relationships between practices and …
The Reality Of Role-Playing Games: How Players Construct Reality Through Language, Jessica Carlson
The Reality Of Role-Playing Games: How Players Construct Reality Through Language, Jessica Carlson
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Role-playing games have a unique structure and exist in multiple mediums. Although some research is available on communication in computer mediated role-playing games, little exists on communication practices in tabletop role-playing games. In my research, I reviewed existing scholarly literature on tabletop role-playing games, as well as theory on the role language plays in constructing reality. I conducted passive participant observation on a group of people playing Advanced Dungeons and Dragons. By applying theory to my ethnographic research, I demonstrated how players constructed a collective reality through communication. Players did this by demonstrating their own enthrallment with the game and …
The Effects Of Divorce And Its Associated Stressors On Children And Adolescents, Aaron Brownlee
The Effects Of Divorce And Its Associated Stressors On Children And Adolescents, Aaron Brownlee
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Four factors were looked at to determine how children of divorce are affected by their parents divorce. The Family Environment Scale (FES) assessed family environment, Social Support Scale for children (SSSC) assessed social support, and the Life Events Checklist (LEC) assessed appraisal of the stressors shown to co-occur with divorce. The Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children, second edition (BASC-2; parent and self-reports) measured the criterion of this study, behavioral and emotional functioning. The sample consisted of 91 children and their parents from the Mankato area public schools. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated a main effect of the appraisal of co-occurring stressors …
Camper Council: A Meaningful Involvement Initiative, Amanda Penning
Camper Council: A Meaningful Involvement Initiative, Amanda Penning
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
An increase in interest from youth and family practitioners, policy makers and researchers has given positive youth development the spotlight within this past decade. The focus for many of these individuals has been to develop a wide range of approaches to prevent youth problems and promote healthy youth development. Studies have shown success in prevention programs for youth that are focused on increasing community involvement and include four major components; safety, skill building, supportive relationships and meaningful involvement. Meaningful involvement has been identified as the most difficult component to achieve in programs for youth, specifically in resident and day camps. …
Confidence In College Athletics, Kimberly Halpin
Confidence In College Athletics, Kimberly Halpin
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
I researched the processes used by intercollegiate athletes to maintain confidence throughout their sports career, including how they prepared for games/competitions, how they dealt with pressures, and how other factors affected their performance and thought process during games. For this research, I created and administered an online survey to 70 college athletes across four sports. I found that many things gave the athletes confidence in themselves to play their sport such as family and preparation. However, some things also lowered the respondents’ confidence levels such as failing and negativity. Results imply that athletes, for the most part, seem confident and …
The Effect Of Online Training On Teams, Ariel Becker
The Effect Of Online Training On Teams, Ariel Becker
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Many organizations recognize the importance of utilizing teams to accomplish work (Chuboda et al., 2005; Devine et al., 1999; Ilgen, 1999; Martins et al., 2004). As technology has advanced, many of these organizations have recently become more reliant on virtual project work, which allows work teams to communicate across geographical distances (Driskell et al., 2003). Considering the growing prevalence of virtual teams in organizations, more needs to be known about how to facilitate virtual team effectiveness. In addition, the increased use of teams in organizations has identified and created the need for team training (Ilgen, 1999). Creating a training environment …
Cluster B Personality Disorders Separated By Gender Expectations, Brianna Kloss
Cluster B Personality Disorders Separated By Gender Expectations, Brianna Kloss
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Criticisms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000), the most widely recognized system for classification of psychological disorders in the U.S., including gender discriminating disorders and diagnoses, have existed for all editions of the DSM. Arguably, gender construction has a profound influence on the standards and evaluation of normal and abnormal behaviors. Concern for the presence of gender bias of personality disorders has been raised within the DSM, in part, by the frequent diagnoses made according to gender stereotypes. The DSM-IV-TR characterizes personality disorders as marked distress and …
Sexual Education And Attitudes Toward Masturbation, Jannine Ray, Shelby Afflerbach
Sexual Education And Attitudes Toward Masturbation, Jannine Ray, Shelby Afflerbach
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
The long-standing social stigma surrounding masturbation has led to its prohibition from being included in public school curriculum as a healthy sexual practice. Furthermore, not only is masturbation a healthy sexual practice for the individual, research has demonstrated masturbation to be helpful in treating sexual dysfunctions for couples. Therefore, if the topic of masturbation is included in comprehensive sexual education as a healthy sexual practice, it may promote sexual health among individuals both intra- and interpersonally. The present study recruited from a convenient sample from a medium sized state university in the upper Midwest. Participants completed two surveys, administered through …
A Bibliometric Analysis Of School Psychology International 2008-2013: What Is The Prevalence Of International Affairs In The Field Of School Psychology?, Kristen Paulsen, Katie Westermayer
A Bibliometric Analysis Of School Psychology International 2008-2013: What Is The Prevalence Of International Affairs In The Field Of School Psychology?, Kristen Paulsen, Katie Westermayer
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
In the current study, researchers conducted a bibliometric analysis on the topic of international school psychology in order to gauge how prominent international school psychology is in the world today, if there has been growth in the area, and if it is important for current researchers to begin more work in the field. This study updated and extended a previous bibliometric analysis conducted by Jennings, Ehrhardt, and Poling (2008). The following questions were used as the common interest questions to perform the extended bibliometric analysis: (1) which nations contributed articles to SPI? (2) how many SPI manuscripts involved multi-author (and …
A Comparison Of Risk-Taking Measures, Brittany Lang
A Comparison Of Risk-Taking Measures, Brittany Lang
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
Risk-taking is an important construct that correlates with many areas of study such as substance abuse, psychological disorders, life-span changes and military involvement. As risk- taking is such a broadly defined construct, there are many different means used to measure it. Ironically, there has never been a study done to see whether or not these measures are looking at the same type of risk-taking. Our study investigated the differences and similarities in three risk- taking measures, the Balloon Analogue Risk-Task (BART), the TCU Self-Rating Form and the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking scale (DOSPERT). We analyzed the results within each participant to see …
A Study Of Happiness, Rachel Mills
A Study Of Happiness, Rachel Mills
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
In the fall of 2012, I undertook a two-week study to test the impact friendships have on my happiness. My overall intention for this experiment was to change how I approached and treated my friendships. The experiment consisted of focusing my attention on my friend’s happiness before my own and to track my behavioral changes towards others. Throughout the two weeks, I tested multiple theories to see if, in fact, they affected my happiness. The most interesting finding in this study was that a variety of social groups are the most influential and important aspect to increasing my own happiness. …