Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Institution
- Keyword
Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Emotional Responses To Honor Situations In Turkey And The U.S., Ayse K. Uskul, Susan Cross, Cansu Alozkan, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca, Zeynep Sunbay
Emotional Responses To Honor Situations In Turkey And The U.S., Ayse K. Uskul, Susan Cross, Cansu Alozkan, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca, Zeynep Sunbay
Ayse K Uskul
The main goal of the current research is to investigate emotional reactions to situations that implicate honour in Turkish and northern American cultural groups. In Studies 1A and 1B, participants rated the degree to which a variety of events fit their prototypes for honour-related situations. Both Turkish and American participants evaluated situations generated by their co-nationals as most central to their prototypes of honour-related situations. Study 2 examined emotional responses to Turkish or US-generated situations that varied in centrality to the prototype. Highly central situations and Turkish-generated situations elicited stronger emotions than less central situations and US-generated situations. Americans reported …
Visualization For Increasing Health Intentions: Enhanced Effects Following A Health Message And When Using A First-Person Perspective, Laura Rennie, Ayse K. Uskul, Catherine Adams, Katherine Appleton
Visualization For Increasing Health Intentions: Enhanced Effects Following A Health Message And When Using A First-Person Perspective, Laura Rennie, Ayse K. Uskul, Catherine Adams, Katherine Appleton
Ayse K Uskul
The present research explored whether visualising engaging in a health behaviour resulted in increased intentions to engage in that behaviour, when combined with an informational health message. Further, the effects of the visual perspective (first-person vs. third-person) used to visualise the health behaviour were explored. In an online questionnaire study employing a 2 × 3 between-participants experimental design, participants (N = 532) read vs. did not read an informational health message about the benefits of increasing fruit consumption, then visualised (from first-person vs. third-person perspective) vs. did not visualise themselves increasing their fruit consumption. Intentions to increase fruit consumption were …
Concerns About Losing Face Moderate The Effect Of Visual Perspective On Health-Related Intentions And Behaviors., Ayse K. Uskul, Mariko Kikutani
Concerns About Losing Face Moderate The Effect Of Visual Perspective On Health-Related Intentions And Behaviors., Ayse K. Uskul, Mariko Kikutani
Ayse K Uskul
Visualizing oneself engaging in future actions has been shown to increase the likelihood of actually engaging in the visualized action. In three studies, we examined the effect of perspective taken to visualize a future action (first-person vs. third-person) as a function of the degree to which individuals worry about others' evaluation of themselves (face) and whether the visualized behavior is public or private. Across all studies, the effect of visual perspective was present only for participants with a high level of face. In this group, the third-person visualization induced stronger intentions to engage in the behavior when the imagined behavior …
Cultural Prototypes And Dimensions Of Honor, Susan Cross, Ayse K. Uskul, Berna Gercek-Swing, Zeynep Sunbay, Bilge Ataca, Zahide Karakitapoglu
Cultural Prototypes And Dimensions Of Honor, Susan Cross, Ayse K. Uskul, Berna Gercek-Swing, Zeynep Sunbay, Bilge Ataca, Zahide Karakitapoglu
Ayse K Uskul
Research evidence and theoretical accounts of honor point to differing definitions of the construct in differing cultural contexts. The current studies address the question “What is honor?” using a prototype approach in Turkey and the Northern United States. Studies 1a/1b revealed substantial differences in the specific features generated by members of the two groups, but Studies 2 and 3 revealed cultural similarities in the underlying dimensions of self-respect, moral behavior, and social status/respect. Ratings of the centrality and personal importance of these factors were similar across the two groups, but their association with other relevant constructs differed. The tripartite nature …
Responses To Social Exclusion In Cultural Context: Evidence From Farming And Herding Communities, Ayse K. Uskul, Harriet Over
Responses To Social Exclusion In Cultural Context: Evidence From Farming And Herding Communities, Ayse K. Uskul, Harriet Over
Ayse K Uskul
In a series of studies, we investigated the role of economic structures (farming vs. herding) and source of ostracism (close other vs. stranger) in social exclusion experiences. We first confirmed that herders rely on strangers to a greater extent than do farmers for economic success (validation study). Next, we verified that farmers and herders understand the concept of ostracism, and its emotional consequences, in similar ways (Study 1). The studies that followed provided converging evidence that cultural group membership shapes sensitivity and responses to social exclusion. Using different methodologies, in Studies 2 and 3, we showed that, whereas the psychological …
The Role Of Self-Aspects In Emotions Elicited By Threats To Physical Health, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie
The Role Of Self-Aspects In Emotions Elicited By Threats To Physical Health, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie
Ayse K Uskul
In two studies, we examined the relationship between self-aspects and socially engaging and socially disengaging emotions elicited by imagined and real physical health problems. In Study 1, participants imagined themselves experiencing a health problem described in a hypothetical scenario and rated the extent to which they would experience a list of emotions. The experience of socially engaging emotions such as shame and embarrassment was predicted by the endorsement of collective self. In Study 2, participants recalled a past health problem and emotions they experienced during its course. Again, collective self predicted the extent to which people mentioned socially engaging emotions …
How Successful You Have Been In Life Depends On The Response Scale Used: The Role Of Cultural Mindsets In Pragmatic Inferences Drawn From Question Format, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman, Norbert Schwarz, Spike Lee, Alison Xu
How Successful You Have Been In Life Depends On The Response Scale Used: The Role Of Cultural Mindsets In Pragmatic Inferences Drawn From Question Format, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman, Norbert Schwarz, Spike Lee, Alison Xu
Ayse K Uskul
To respond to a question, respondents must make culturally relevant, context-sensitive pragmatic inferences about what the question means. Participants in a culture of modesty (China), a culture of honor (Turkey), and a culture of positivity (U.S.) rated their own (Study 1) or someone else’s (their parents or people their parents’ age, Study 2) success in life using either a rating scale that implied a continuum from failure to success (-5 to +5) or varying degrees of success (0 to 10). As predicted, culture and rating format interacted with rating target to influence response patterns. Americans, sensitive to the possibility of …
Confrontation Vs. Withdrawal: Cultural Differences In Responses To Threats To Honor, Susan E. Cross, Ayse K. Uskul, Berna Gercek-Swing, Zeynep Sunbay, Bilge Ataca
Confrontation Vs. Withdrawal: Cultural Differences In Responses To Threats To Honor, Susan E. Cross, Ayse K. Uskul, Berna Gercek-Swing, Zeynep Sunbay, Bilge Ataca
Ayse K Uskul
This study compares evaluations by members of an honor culture (Turkey) and a dignity culture (northern USA) of honor threat scenarios, in which a target was the victim of either a rude affront or a false accusation, and the target chose to withdraw or confront the attacker. Turkish participants were more likely than American participants to evaluate positively the person who withdrew from the rude affront and the person who confronted the false accusation. Participants in both societies perceived that others in their society would endorse confrontation more than withdrawal in both types of scenarios, but this effect was larger …
Honor Bound: The Cultural Construction Of Honor In Turkey And The Northern Us, Ayse K. Uskul, Susan E. Cross, Zeynep Sunbay, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca
Honor Bound: The Cultural Construction Of Honor In Turkey And The Northern Us, Ayse K. Uskul, Susan E. Cross, Zeynep Sunbay, Berna Gercek-Swing, Bilge Ataca
Ayse K Uskul
We tested the hypotheses that Turkish and (Northern) American cultures afford different honor-relevant situations and different responses to these situations. In Study 1, we found that honor-attacking situations generated by American participants focused more on the individual than did situations generated by Turkish participants, whereas situations generated by Turkish participants focused more on close others and involved more references to an audience than did situations generated by American participants. Moreover, the situations most frequently generated by both groups tended to also differ in nature. In Study 2, new participants evaluated these situations for their impact on the self, close others, …
The Role Of The Self In Responses To Health Communications: A Cultural Perspective, Ayse K. Uskul, David Sherman, John Updegraff
The Role Of The Self In Responses To Health Communications: A Cultural Perspective, Ayse K. Uskul, David Sherman, John Updegraff
Ayse K Uskul
To the extent that cultures vary in how they shape individuals’ self-construal, it is important to consider a cultural perspective to understand the role of the self in health persuasion. We review recent research that has adopted a cultural perspective on how to frame health communications to be congruent with important, culturally variant, aspects of the self. Matching features of a health message to approach vs. avoidance orientation and independent vs. interdependent self-construal can lead to greater message acceptance and health behavior change. Discussion centers on the theoretical and applied value of the self as an organizing framework for constructing …
Culture, Mind, And The Brain: Current Evidence And Future, Ayse K. Uskul, Shinobu Kitayama
Culture, Mind, And The Brain: Current Evidence And Future, Ayse K. Uskul, Shinobu Kitayama
Ayse K Uskul
Current research on culture focuses on independence and interdependence and documents numerous East-West psychological differences, with an increasing emphasis placed on cognitivemediating mechanisms. Lost in this literature is a time-honored idea of culture as a collective process composed of cross-generationally transmitted values and associated behavioral patterns (i.e., practices). A new model of neuro-culture interaction proposed here addresses this conceptual gap by hypothesizing that the brain serves as a crucial site that accumulates effects of cultural experience, insofar as neural connectivity is likely modified through sustained engagement in cultural practices. Thus, culture is “embrained,” and moreover, this process requires no cognitive …
Socio-Cultural Aspects Of Health And Illness, Ayse K. Uskul
Socio-Cultural Aspects Of Health And Illness, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
This chapter will provide a summary of sociocultural differences observed in various aspects of health and illness, drawing on evidence from medical anthropology and health psychology. It will then introduce a theoretical framework borrowed from cultural psychology, one frequently adopted when examining cultural differences in areas such as social behaviour, cognition and emotion, but rarely implemented when examining cultural differences in the domain of health and illness. This will be followed by some recent research originating from the area of illness cognitions, health communication and coping (use of social support), which adopts this framework to understand cultural differences.
When Message-Frame Fits Salient Cultural-Frame, Messages Feel More Persuasive, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman
When Message-Frame Fits Salient Cultural-Frame, Messages Feel More Persuasive, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman
Ayse K Uskul
The present study examines the persuasive effects of tailored health messages comparing those tailored to match (versus not match) both chronic cultural frame and momentarily salient cultural frame. Evidence from two studies (Study 1: n=72 European Americans; Study 2: n=48 Asian Americans) supports the hypothesis that message persuasiveness increases when chronic cultural frame, health message tailoring and momentarily salient cultural frame all match. The hypothesis was tested using a message about health risks of caffeine consumption among individuals prescreened to be regular caffeine consumers. After being primed for individualism, European Americans who read a health message that focused on the …
The Cultural Congruency Effect: Culture, Regulatory Focus, And The Effectiveness Of Gain- Vs. Loss-Framed Health Messages, Ayse K. Uskul, David Sherman, John Fitzgibbon
The Cultural Congruency Effect: Culture, Regulatory Focus, And The Effectiveness Of Gain- Vs. Loss-Framed Health Messages, Ayse K. Uskul, David Sherman, John Fitzgibbon
Ayse K Uskul
The present study contributes a cultural analysis to the literature on the persuasive effects of matching message frame to individuals’ motivational orientations. One experiment examines how members of cultural groups that are likely to differ in their regulatory focus respond to health messages focusing on either the benefits of flossing or the costs of not flossing. White British participants, who had a stronger promotion focus, were more persuaded by the gain-framed message, whereas East-Asian participants, who had a stronger prevention focus, were more persuaded by the loss-framed message. This cultural difference in persuasion was mediated by an interaction between individuals’ …
Motivation And Behaviour Change Following The Ban On Smoking In Public Places In England: A Prospective Community Study, Sheina Orbell, Patrick Lidierth, Caroline Henderson, Nicolas Geraert, Claudia Uller, Ayse K. Uskul, Maria Kyriakaki
Motivation And Behaviour Change Following The Ban On Smoking In Public Places In England: A Prospective Community Study, Sheina Orbell, Patrick Lidierth, Caroline Henderson, Nicolas Geraert, Claudia Uller, Ayse K. Uskul, Maria Kyriakaki
Ayse K Uskul
Objective: To examine social– cognitive change associated with behavior change after the introduction of a smoke-free public places policy. Design: Adults (N 583) who use public houses licensed to sell alcohol (pubs) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol and tobacco consumption and social– cognitive beliefs 2 months prior to the introduction of the smoking ban in England on July 1, 2007. Longitudinal follow-up (N 272) was 3 months after the introduction of the ban. Main outcome measures: Social–cognitive beliefs, daily cigarette consumption, and weekly alcohol consumption. Results: Smokers consumed considerably more alcohol than did nonsmokers at both time points. However, a significant …
A Cultural Task Analysis Of Implicit Independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, And East Asia, Shinobu Kitayama, Hyekyung Park, Timur Sevincer, Mayumi Karasawa, Ayse K. Uskul
A Cultural Task Analysis Of Implicit Independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, And East Asia, Shinobu Kitayama, Hyekyung Park, Timur Sevincer, Mayumi Karasawa, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
Informed by a new theoretical framework that assigns a key role to cultural tasks (culturally prescribed means to achieve cultural mandates such as independence and interdependence) in mediating the mutual influences between culture and psychological processes, the authors predicted and found that North Americans are more likely than Western Europeans (British and Germans) to (a) exhibit focused (vs. holistic) attention, (b) experience emotions associated with independence (vs. interdependence), (c) associate happiness with personal achievement (vs. communal harmony), and (d) show an inflated symbolic self. In no cases were the 2 Western European groups significantly different from one another. All Western …
Individualism And Collectivism: Societal-Level Processes With Implications For Individual-Level And Society-Level Outcomes, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul
Individualism And Collectivism: Societal-Level Processes With Implications For Individual-Level And Society-Level Outcomes, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
No abstract provided.
Prevention-Focused Self-Regulation And Aggressiveness, Johannes Keller, Melanie Hurst, Ayse K. Uskul
Prevention-Focused Self-Regulation And Aggressiveness, Johannes Keller, Melanie Hurst, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
The present research examined the relationship between individual differences in self-regulatory mechanisms as outlined in regulatory focus theory (promotion- and prevention-focused self-regulation) and aggressiveness. Two studies revealed that the more individuals’ habitual self-regulatory orientation is dominated by a prevention-focus, the more likely they are to score high on measures of cynical hostility, reciprocity norm endorsement, and aggressiveness. An additional study involving the manipulation of perceived violation of a reciprocity norm showed that predominantly prevention-focused participants were particularly sensitive to the experience of a norm violation and reacted in a hostile and aggressive manner following the norm violation experience. Findings indicate …
Ecocultural Basis Of Cognition: Farmers And Fishermen Are More Holistic Than Herders, Ayse K. Uskul, Shinobu Kitayama, Richard N. Nisbett
Ecocultural Basis Of Cognition: Farmers And Fishermen Are More Holistic Than Herders, Ayse K. Uskul, Shinobu Kitayama, Richard N. Nisbett
Ayse K Uskul
It has been proposed that social interdependence fosters holistic cognition, that is, a tendency to attend to the broad perceptual and cognitive field, rather than to a focal object and its properties, and a tendency to reason in terms of relationships and similarities, rather than rules and categories. This hypothesis has been supported mostly by demonstrations showing that East Asians, who are relatively interdependent, reason and perceive in a more holistic fashion than do Westerners. We examined holistic cognitive tendencies in attention, categorization, and reasoning in three types of communities that belong to the same national, geographic, ethnic, and linguistic …
Regulatory Fit And Health Behavior, Ayse K. Uskul, Johannes Keller, Daphna Oyserman
Regulatory Fit And Health Behavior, Ayse K. Uskul, Johannes Keller, Daphna Oyserman
Ayse K Uskul
Everyone prefers health to ill-health, though some worry more about ill health than others and for some abstract health concerns seem to pale compared with the prospect of immediate hedonic pleasures. Two studies (n = 90, n = 70) utilized a ‘fit’ in self-regulatory focus approach (Higgins, 2000) to describe when and how worrying about health (vs. focus on hedonic pleasure) is likely to lead to distinct health behaviors. According to this model, individuals differ in their self-regulatory focus –some focus on reaching safety and security through vigilant and careful action (prevention focus) and others focus on opportunities to eagerly …
Views On Interracial Dating Among European And Chinese Canadians: The Roles Of Culture, Gender, And Mainstream Cultural Identity, Ayse K. Uskul, Richard N. Lalonde, Lynda Cheng
Views On Interracial Dating Among European And Chinese Canadians: The Roles Of Culture, Gender, And Mainstream Cultural Identity, Ayse K. Uskul, Richard N. Lalonde, Lynda Cheng
Ayse K Uskul
The present study examines cross-cultural and gender differences in the norms regarding interracial dating in Chinese and European Canadians. In response to a scenario describing an interracial dating conflict between a young adult and his/her parents, Chinese Canadians gave greater support to parents than did European Canadians, who in turn gave greater support to the young adult than did Chinese Canadians. With regard to self-report measures of views on interracial dating, Chinese Canadian males showed less favorable attitudes towards interracial dating than all other groups and showed less openness to interracial dating than did European Canadian males. Among Chinese Canadians …
Unfair Treatment And Self-Regulatory Focus, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul, Nicolas Yoder, Randy Nesse, David Williams
Unfair Treatment And Self-Regulatory Focus, Daphna Oyserman, Ayse K. Uskul, Nicolas Yoder, Randy Nesse, David Williams
Ayse K Uskul
Ample correlational evidence exists that perceived unfair treatment is negatively related to well-being, health, and goal striving but the underlying process is unclear. We hypothesized that effects are due in part to contextual priming of prevention focus and the negative consequences of chronic prevention-focused vigilance. Indeed, reasonable responses to unfair treatment – to avoid situations in which it occurs or if this is not possible, confront it head on – fit prevention self-regulatory focus response patterns. Results from three experiments support this notion. Priming stigmatized social category membership heightened students’ prevention (not promotion) focus (n = 117). Priming non-stigmatized social …
Self-Construal And Concerns Elicited By Imagined And Real Health Problems, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie
Self-Construal And Concerns Elicited By Imagined And Real Health Problems, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie
Ayse K Uskul
In two studies we examined the relationship between self-construal and illness-related concerns. In Study 1, participants imagined themselves experiencing a health problem described in a scenario and answered closed-ended questions about the concerns that this situation would likely to elicit. The experience of social illness concerns was predicted by collective self-construal and the experience of personal illness concerns relating to the self tended to be predicted by the endorsement of individual self-construal. In Study 2, participants recalled a past health problem and related consequences, which were content-coded. Collective self-construal predicted the extent to which people mentioned issues related to others …
Question Comprehension And Response: Implications Of Individualism And Collectivism., Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman
Question Comprehension And Response: Implications Of Individualism And Collectivism., Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman
Ayse K Uskul
We integrate cross-cultural literature with broader literature in survey methodology, human cognition and communication. First, we briefly review recent work in cognitive survey methodology that advances our understanding of the processes underlying question comprehension and response. Then, using a process model of cultural influence, we provide a framework for hypothesizing how cross-cultural differences may systematically influence the meaning respondents make of the questions researchers ask, how memory is organized, and subjective theories about what constitutes an appropriate answer and therefore the answers participants are likely to give.
Interdependence As A Mediator Between Culture And Interpersonal Closeness For Euro-Canadians And Turks, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie, Richard Lalonde
Interdependence As A Mediator Between Culture And Interpersonal Closeness For Euro-Canadians And Turks, Ayse K. Uskul, Michaela Hynie, Richard Lalonde
Ayse K Uskul
The present study examines cross-cultural differences in interpersonal closeness to different people and whether these differences can be explained by independent and interdependent self-construal. Turkish and Euro-Canadian samples of university students were asked to indicate how close they feel and how close they ideally would like to be to family members, romantic partners, friends and acquaintances. As predicted, Turkish participants scored higher on interdependent self-construal, whereas there was no culture difference on independent self-construal scores. Turkish participants rated their actual and ideal closeness with others higher than Euro-Canadian participants did. Both Turkish and Euro-Canadian participants reported feeling closest and ideally …
Women’S Menarche Stories From A Multicultural Sample, Ayse K. Uskul
Women’S Menarche Stories From A Multicultural Sample, Ayse K. Uskul
Ayse K Uskul
This paper reports on the findings of a focus group study that examines how women experienced menarche at the personal level and in relation to the larger cultural, religious, and societal environment. Fifty-three women from 34 different countries were recruited in 13 focus groups. At the personal level, menarche stories shared in this study revealed salient themes concerning feelings experienced at the time of menarche, the importance of mother’s reactions to their daughter’s first menstruation, difficulties around understanding the meanings attached to menarche by others, managing menstrual products, and making sense of formal education related to menstruation, and finally the …
Physician-Patient Interaction: A Gynecology Clinic In Turkey, Ayse K. Uskul, Farah Ahmad
Physician-Patient Interaction: A Gynecology Clinic In Turkey, Ayse K. Uskul, Farah Ahmad
Ayse K Uskul
Evidence for gender differences in physicians’ communication with their patients comes primarily from Western countries. Little is known about whether these gender differences would also be observed in Turkey, where there are explicit rules about male-female conduct. The purpose of this study was to observe male and female gynecologists’ communication with their patients in a gynecology clinic at a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Four male and three female gynecologists were observed in their interaction with 70 patients over 10 days. The observations were conducted during both the history taking and the actual examination sessions by a woman researcher. The …