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Timing Variability In Circle Drawing And Tapping: Probing The Relationship Between Event And Emergent Timing, Howard N. Zelaznik, Rebecca M. C. Spencer, Richard B. Ivry, Alex Baria, Melissa Bloom, Lisa Dolansky, Shannon Justice, Kristen Patterson, Emily Whetter
Timing Variability In Circle Drawing And Tapping: Probing The Relationship Between Event And Emergent Timing, Howard N. Zelaznik, Rebecca M. C. Spencer, Richard B. Ivry, Alex Baria, Melissa Bloom, Lisa Dolansky, Shannon Justice, Kristen Patterson, Emily Whetter
Rebecca M. C. Spencer
R. Ivry, R. M. Spencer, H. N. Zelaznik, and J. Diedrichsen (2002) have proposed a distinction between timed movements in which a temporal representation is part of the task goal (event timing) and those in which timing properties are emergent. The issue addressed in the present experiment was how timing in conditions conducive to emergent timing becomes established. According to what the authors term the transformation hypothesis, timing initially requires an event-based representation when the temporal goal is defined externally (e.g., by a metronome), but over the first few movement cycles, control processes become established that allow timing to become …
Unexpected Effects Of Perinatal Gonadal Hormone Manipulations On Sexual Differentiation Of The Extrahypothalamic Arginine-Vasopressin System In Prairie Voles, Geert De Vries, J. S. Lonstein, B. D. Rood
Unexpected Effects Of Perinatal Gonadal Hormone Manipulations On Sexual Differentiation Of The Extrahypothalamic Arginine-Vasopressin System In Prairie Voles, Geert De Vries, J. S. Lonstein, B. D. Rood
Geert De Vries
The sexually dimorphic extrahypothalamic arginine-vasopressin (AVP) projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the lateral septum (LS) and lateral habenula (LHb) are denser in males than females and, in rats, require males' perinatal exposure to gonadal hormones but the absence of such exposure in females. We examined perinatal hormone effects on development of this sex difference in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), which show atypical effects of hormones on sexual differentiation of some reproductive behaviors. Neonatal castration reduced the number of AVP mRNA-expressing cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and AVP immunoreactivity (ir) in the …