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Articles 31 - 45 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Does The Supervisory Working Alliance Moderate Psychotherapy Trainee's Personal Distress Empathy And Trait Arousability As Predictors Of Vicarious Traumatization, Jill Eileen Deltosta
Does The Supervisory Working Alliance Moderate Psychotherapy Trainee's Personal Distress Empathy And Trait Arousability As Predictors Of Vicarious Traumatization, Jill Eileen Deltosta
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study sought to contribute to the extant literature regarding clinical training and Vicarious Traumatization (VT; McCann & Pearlman, 1990) by exploring aspects of clinical supervision and psychology trainee characteristics as antecedents. By replicating and extending dissertation work by Fama (2003) and Moosman (2002), this study specifically investigated the supervisory working alliance (SWA; Bahrick), personal distress empathy (PDE; Davis, 1983), and trait arousability (TA; Mehrabian, 1995) as they relate to VT in psychology trainees. It was hypothesized that SWA would moderate the relations between PDE and VT, as well as between TA and VT, such that as working alliance increased, …
Adaptive Behavior Deficits In Children With Autism As Predictors Of Parenting Stress And Family Quality Of Life, Stephanie A. Fox
Adaptive Behavior Deficits In Children With Autism As Predictors Of Parenting Stress And Family Quality Of Life, Stephanie A. Fox
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study examines the influence of child adaptive behavior deficits on parenting stress and family quality of life (FQOL) among a sample of families with children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study used measures completed by families who were participants in a Parent Education Program designed to teach families about ASD. Parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II; Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005), the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-4-SF; Abidin, 1995), and The Family Quality of Life Survey (FQOLS; Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers, & Turnbull, 2006). Differences among mothers and fathers in …
Understanding Whites' Colorblind Racial Attitudes : The Role Of Intergroup Anxiety And Psychological Flexibility, Alexa Hanus
Understanding Whites' Colorblind Racial Attitudes : The Role Of Intergroup Anxiety And Psychological Flexibility, Alexa Hanus
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Colorblind racial attitudes are described as the denial or minimization of race and racism (Neville et al., 2000), which may silence accounts of racial discrimination and lead White Americans to ignore their racial privileges, ultimately supporting and reproducing racial inequality in the US (Bonilla-Silva, 2001). Alarmingly, colorblind attitudes are the dominant racial ideology among White Americans (Lewis, 2004), and inform the way White adults talk to their children about race (Schofeild, 2007). The current study explored the development and maintenance of Whites' colorblind attitudes, using ideas from Stephan and Stephan's (1985) theory of intergroup anxiety, Helm's (1995) theory of White …
Impact Of The Peers Intervention On Performance-Based Measures Of Social Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura S. Hiruma
Impact Of The Peers Intervention On Performance-Based Measures Of Social Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura S. Hiruma
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study examines the efficacy of a trial of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS; Laugeson & Frankel, 2010), which is a manualized group social skills intervention designed to improve the social functioning of teens with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, the study examined the use of performance-based outcome measures (in addition to traditional report measures) to assess the social skills of teens participating in the PEERS intervention. These performance-based measures of social skills included the Social Performance Rating Scale (SPRS; Fydrich, Chambless, Perry, Buergener, & Beazley, 1998), in which observers rated participants' social …
Receptivity Of Capital Jurors To Mitigating Factors Of Mental Illness, Intellectual Disability, And Situational Impairments In Death Penalty Decisions : The Capital Trial Analyzed As A Mitigating "Weight And Counterweight" To Premature Decisions And Pro-Death Bias, Leona Deborah Jochnowitz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This research presents aspects of juror receptivity to mitigating factors of mental, cognitive/intellectual and situational impairments in capital sentencing decisions. The study examined types of mental factors, as well as the gender of defendants, the aggravating nature of the crime and victim vulnerability. An exploratory cross-tabulation analysis evaluated the percentages and relationships between juror closed-ended CJP survey responses to mental sentencing factors and mental evidence presented at trial for 38 cases. While the sample size was too small in some cells for significance testing, the percentages demonstrated patterns. A detailed qualitative analysis of 12 cases with strong evidence of mental …
Release From Proactive Interference : The Impact Of Emotional And Semantic Shifts On Recall Performance, Hugh Knickerbocker
Release From Proactive Interference : The Impact Of Emotional And Semantic Shifts On Recall Performance, Hugh Knickerbocker
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Proactive interference (PI) occurs when the recall of newly learned information is blocked by previously learned information (e.g., recalling an old list of food items when trying to recall a current list of food items during grocery shopping). Release from PI occurs when newly learned information is recalled without interference from previously learned information. Release from PI has been observed when making changes to the to-be-remembered items. Experiment 1 found significant release from PI when category shifted from a neutral category to an emotion category or an emotion-laden category. Experiments 2 and 3 compared the release from PI when shifting …
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cognitive and memory impairments significantly affect multiple domains in life and play major roles in disease. Identifying critical mechanisms and factors that mediate memory consolidation and enhancement may represent an important approach for increasing cognition in normal adults and preventing or treating cognitive impairments. The expression of the C/EBP- target gene insulin-like growth factor 2, (IGF-II) is required for memory consolidation; furthermore, IGF-II administration during memory consolidation produces memory enhancement, increased memory persistence and prevents forgetting. In this thesis, I investigated the therapeutic potential of IGF-II to promote memory consolidation when administered systemically. In addition, I investigated one particularly interesting …
Public And Private Goal Commitment : Self-Control And Choice, Rebekah L. Layton
Public And Private Goal Commitment : Self-Control And Choice, Rebekah L. Layton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Public precommitment to a goal may drive goal achievement. This work explores the effects of public precommitment on goal achievement using the limited-resource model of self-control. Goal commitment which alters future choices available by inflicting a self-imposed cost for giving up is called precommitment. Public commitment to a goal can be viewed as precommitment by imposing a social cost for failure (e.g., anticipated embarrassment). This may facilitate goal pursuit through two processes: First, by shifting the cost earlier in the process via the structural route in which goal-setting processes may deplete self-control resources initially (Studies 1 and 2), while improving …
Trends In The Effect Of Economic Insecurity On The Allocation Of Household Expenditures In The U.S., 1980-2005, Kirsten Bartlett Lauber
Trends In The Effect Of Economic Insecurity On The Allocation Of Household Expenditures In The U.S., 1980-2005, Kirsten Bartlett Lauber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The transition to late-capitalism in the U.S. has generated extensive societal change. This paper examines the intersection of three of these changes: the transition to a consumer-oriented economic and societal model, the increase of economic insecurity experienced by individuals and households and the heightened emphasis on a short-term orientation in individual decision-making. A review of literature from the fields of Sociology, Economics and Psychology describes differing understandings of how individuals react to the heightened economic insecurity that households experience under late-capitalism. Within mainstream Economics', theoretical and empirical work suggests that individuals respond to insecurity by reducing spending and maximizing long-term …
School Psychologists' Early Numeracy Training And Practices, Jia Liu-Trofimovsky
School Psychologists' Early Numeracy Training And Practices, Jia Liu-Trofimovsky
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
An emergent area of research pertains to early numeracy, or number sense. Early numeracy plays a significant role in the development of mathematics skills, and researchers have recognized its importance for overall academic achievement. This study surveyed practicing school psychologists to investigate current early numeracy training and practices. A nationwide sample of 279 school psychologists completed a Web-based survey modeled after the available early numeracy research. The majority of individuals reported receiving at least one professional development training for academic concerns per year. A larger number of participants had training for reading and early literacy compared to early numeracy. Related …
The Role Of Progestogen Neurosteroids In Behaviors Relevant For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Danielle Christine Llaneza
The Role Of Progestogen Neurosteroids In Behaviors Relevant For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Danielle Christine Llaneza
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects children across the U.S. and is characterized by deficits in social communication and restrictive/repetitive behaviors, for which few therapeutic interventions have been successful. Steroid hormones, such as progesterone (P4) and its metabolite, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), can exert neuroprotective effects, influence synaptic morphology, mediate behavioral outcomes, and influence stress-responding. In this thesis, the behaviors and baseline levels of the stress hormone, corticosterone, P4, and 3α,5α-THP are investigated in BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a proposed ASD model. It was hypothesized that BTBR mice would show abnormalities in behaviors and in levels of steroids and neuroendocrine factors. Results …
Health Promotion : A Web-Based Motivational Enhancement Intervention To Reduce Risky Behaviors Among College Women, Amy J. Starosta
Health Promotion : A Web-Based Motivational Enhancement Intervention To Reduce Risky Behaviors Among College Women, Amy J. Starosta
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Behavioral interventions that successfully increase condom use often require significant resources. Given the need for low-cost, sustainable interventions, I designed a web-based intervention to increase condom use among college women by focusing on discrepancies between idealized and actual behavior. Participants (422 women Mage=18.88 years, SD=1.65) completed demographic, sexual, and condom attitudes and intentions questionnaires as well as a Timeline Followback Interview to assess their drinking and condom use for the previous month. Participants engaged in a decisional balance analysis for each time they did or did not use a condom. Finally, participants wrote an essay encouraging high school girls to …
Examining The Relations Between Disgust, Fear, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Lisa Marie Anderson
Examining The Relations Between Disgust, Fear, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Lisa Marie Anderson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Exposure interventions for eating disorders typically identify fear as a key treatment target (i.e., fear of fat) and integrate a hierarchical list of the patient's fears into treatment. Recently, research has suggested that the disgust emotion may be equally important for exposure efficacy, as it appears to be more resistant to extinction than fear. Currently, the independent contributions of fear and disgust to eating pathology are unknown, which may limit our ability to develop and implement the most effective exposure interventions. Thus, the current study employed hierarchical multiple regression analyses to evaluate each emotion's relative contribution to eating disorder symptoms …
African American Families' Expectations And Intentions For Mental Health Services, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Richard Thompson, Barbara L. Dancy, Tisha R. A. Wiley, Sylvia P. Perry, Jason Wallis, Yara Mekawi, Kathleen Knafl
African American Families' Expectations And Intentions For Mental Health Services, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Richard Thompson, Barbara L. Dancy, Tisha R. A. Wiley, Sylvia P. Perry, Jason Wallis, Yara Mekawi, Kathleen Knafl
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design was used to examine the links among expectations about, experiences with, and intentions toward mental health services. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 32 African American youth/mothers dyads. Content analysis revealed that positive expectations were linked to positive experiences and intentions, that negative expectations were not consistently linked to negative experiences or intentions, nor were ambivalent expectations linked to ambivalent experiences or intentions. Youth were concerned about privacy breeches and mothers about the harmfulness of psychotropic medication. Addressing these concerns may promote African Americans’ engagement in mental health services.
The Effects Of Revictimization On Coping And Depression In Women Sexual Assault Victims, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
The Effects Of Revictimization On Coping And Depression In Women Sexual Assault Victims, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
On two mail surveys completed 1 year apart, 555 women reported their experiences of sexual assault, the strategies they used to cope with those experiences, and feelings of depression. Path analyses controlling for baseline coping and depression revealed that victims who were revictimized during the study reported using more maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies than did victims who were not revictimized. Further, women who were revictimized reported more depression than others. This effect was explained in part by revictimized women’s increased maladaptive coping. Implications for understanding coping and recovery in women who experience multiple sexual assaults in adulthood are discussed.