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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Nullificatory Juries, David A. Hoffman, Kaimipono D. Wenger
Nullificatory Juries, David A. Hoffman, Kaimipono D. Wenger
David A Hoffman
In this Article, we argue that current debates on the legitimacy of punitive damages would benefit from a comparison with jury nullification in criminal trials. We discuss critiques of punitive damages and of jury nullification, noting the surprising similarities in the arguments scholars use to attack these (superficially) distinct outcomes of the jury guarantee. Not only are the criticisms alike, the institutions of punitive damages and jury nullification also turn out to have many similarities: both are, we suggest, examples of what we call "nullificatory juries." We discuss the features of such juries, and consider recent behavioral data relating to …
How Relevant Is Jury Rationality?, David A. Hoffman
How Relevant Is Jury Rationality?, David A. Hoffman
David A Hoffman
This essay reviews "Punitive Damages: How Juries Decide" by Cass Sunstein, et al. The book provides a good example of a recent trend: the use of behavioralist research to justify surprisingly paternalistic legal reforms. While critics of behavioralism often contend that its theoretical foundations are weak, this approach is unlikely to prove an effective rejoinder in the new debate about what kinds of paternalism are made permissible by human "irrationality". A better approach: (1) notes the lack of a nexus between behavioralism and the supposed emergent necessity of paternalist reforms; and (2) suggests that juror unwillingness to apply cost-benefit formula …
"Suing For Lost Childhood", Elizabeth A. Wilson
"Suing For Lost Childhood", Elizabeth A. Wilson
Elizabeth A Wilson
No abstract provided.
Use Of Internet By Undergraduate Students Of Pda College Of Engineering, Gulbarga, Tadasad P. G, Maheswarappa B S, Seema A. Allur
Use Of Internet By Undergraduate Students Of Pda College Of Engineering, Gulbarga, Tadasad P. G, Maheswarappa B S, Seema A. Allur
Prof B S Maheswarappa
No abstract provided.
Physician-Patient Interaction: A Gynecology Clinic In Turkey, Ayse K. Uskul, Farah Ahmad
Physician-Patient Interaction: A Gynecology Clinic In Turkey, Ayse K. Uskul, Farah Ahmad
Ayse K Uskul
Evidence for gender differences in physicians’ communication with their patients comes primarily from Western countries. Little is known about whether these gender differences would also be observed in Turkey, where there are explicit rules about male-female conduct. The purpose of this study was to observe male and female gynecologists’ communication with their patients in a gynecology clinic at a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Four male and three female gynecologists were observed in their interaction with 70 patients over 10 days. The observations were conducted during both the history taking and the actual examination sessions by a woman researcher. The …
Peer Rejection And Social Information-Processing Factors In The Development Of Aggressive Behavior Problems In Children, Reid G. Fontaine, Kenneth A. Dodge, Jennifer E. Lansford, Virginia Salzer Burks, John E. Bates, Gregory S. Pettit, Joseph M. Price
Peer Rejection And Social Information-Processing Factors In The Development Of Aggressive Behavior Problems In Children, Reid G. Fontaine, Kenneth A. Dodge, Jennifer E. Lansford, Virginia Salzer Burks, John E. Bates, Gregory S. Pettit, Joseph M. Price
Reid G. Fontaine
The relation between social rejection and growth in antisocial behavior was investigated. In Study 1,259 boys and girls (34% African American) were followed from Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6-8 years) to Grades 5 to 7 (ages 10-12 years). Early peer rejection predicted growth in aggression. In Study 2,585 boys and girls (16% African American) were followed from kindergarten to Grade 3 (ages 5-8 years), and findings were replicated. Furthermore, early aggression moderated the effect of rejection, such that rejection exacerbated antisocial development only among children initially disposed toward aggression. In Study 3, social information-processing patterns measured in Study 1 …
Social Skill As Moderator Of The Conscientiousness-Performance Relationship: Convergent Results Across Four Studies
L. A. Witt
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Leader-Member Exchange On Communication Type, Frequency, And Performance Ratings
The Impact Of Leader-Member Exchange On Communication Type, Frequency, And Performance Ratings
L. A. Witt
No abstract provided.
Science, Identity, And The Construction Of The Gay Political Narrative, Nancy J. Knauer
Science, Identity, And The Construction Of The Gay Political Narrative, Nancy J. Knauer
Nancy J. Knauer
This Article contends that the current debate over gay civil rights is, at base, a dispute over the nature of same-sex desire. Pro-gay forces advocate an ethnic or identity model of homosexuality based on the conviction that sexual orientation is an immutable, unchosen, and benign characteristic. The assertion that, in essence, gays are "born that way," has produced a gay political narrative that rests on claims of shared identity (i.e., homosexuals are a blameless minority) and arguments of equivalence (i.e., as a blameless minority, homosexuals deserve equal treatment and protection against discrimination). The pro-family counter-narrative is based on a behavioral …
The World Wide Web And The Laboratory: A Comparison Using Face Recognition, Mitchell M. Metzger, Valerie L. Kristof, Yoest J. Donald
The World Wide Web And The Laboratory: A Comparison Using Face Recognition, Mitchell M. Metzger, Valerie L. Kristof, Yoest J. Donald
Mitchell Metzger, PhD
No abstract provided.
The Psychology Of Interrogations And False Confessions: Research And Recommendations, Melissa B. Russano
The Psychology Of Interrogations And False Confessions: Research And Recommendations, Melissa B. Russano
Melissa B. Russano, Ph.D.
Instances of wrongful conviction in North America and Great Britain have uncovered numerous cases in which an innocent suspect has provided a false confession to a crime. As a result, social scientists have studied the interrogation process in an effort to understand the factors that may lead to such false confessions. In the present article, we review what is known about the psychology of police interrogations, including critical aspects of investigative bias, coercive interrogation techniques, and vulnerabilities of the suspect that can increase the likelihood of obtaining a false confession. We also discuss a novel alternative approach to the interrogation …
Controlling Emotions In Sport, Marc Jones
Controlling Emotions In Sport, Marc Jones
Marc Jones
Emotions play a central role in sport performance. Accordingly, it is important that athletes are able to draw on a range of strategies to enhance emotional control. The present paper outlines a number of strategies based on Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. Strategies are outlined that aim to change cognitions, resulting in either a more appropriate emotional response or a suppression of the expression of emotion and any maladaptive behavioral consequences. These techniques comprise self-statement modification, imagery, socratic dialogue, corrective experiences, self-analysis, didactic approach, storytelling metaphors and poetry, reframing, cognitive paradox, and use of problem-solving skills. Furthermore, given the changes …