Psychology Commons^™

Self Efficacy, Alcohol Expectancy And Problem-Solvingappraisal As Predictors Of Alcohol Use In College Students, Nancy Taylor, Michael Biscaro, Karen Broer

Nancy P. Taylor

This study updated that of Broer 1996 and re-examined self-efficacy, alcohol expectancy and problem-solving appraisal as predictors of alcohol use in undergraduate college students. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that alcohol expectancy of Global Positive Changes and gender were significant predictors for both number of drinks and binge episodes.

Relational Integration, Inhibition, And Analogical Reasoning In Older Adults, Robert Morrison

Robert Morrison

Stressful Life Events As Predictors Of Functioning: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Maria E. Pagano, Andrew E. Skodol, Robert L. Stout, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Donna S. Bender, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C. Zanarini, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective:  Although much attention has been given to the effects of adverse childhood experiences on the development of personality disorders (PDs), we know far less about how recent life events influence the ongoing course of functioning. We examined the extent to which PD subjects differ in rates of life events and the extent to which life events impact psychosocial functioning. Method:  A total of 633 subjects were drawn from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS), a multi-site study of four personality disorders – schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD), obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) – and a comparison group of major depressive …

Victims' Perspectives Of Sexual Aggression In Intimate Relationships, Tiffani Kisler, F. Christopher

Tiffani S. Kisler

This poster was an Award Finalist for Marriage and Family Therapy.

Confirmation Of Correlation Between Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity And Intelligence Level In Normal Adults, T. Reed, Philip Vernon, Andrew Johnson

Andrew M. Johnson

In 1992, Reed and Jensen [Intelligence 16 (1992) 259–272] reported a positive correlation (.26; p=.002; .37 after correcting for restricted intelligence range) between a brain nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and intelligence level in 147 normal male students. In the first follow-up of their study, we report on a study using similar NCV methodologies, but testing both male and female students and using more extensive measures of cognitive abilities. One-hundred eighty-six males and 201 females, aged 18–25 years, were tested in three different NCV conditions and with nine cognitive tests, including Raven Progressive Matrices as used by Reed and Jensen. None …

Validity Of Das Perfectionism And Need For Approval In Relation To The Five-Factor Model Of Personality, David M. Dunkley, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

This study examined the validity of the perfectionism and need for approval scales of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS; Weissman & Beck, 1978) by locating these measures within a comprehensive framework of personality, provided by the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992), in a clinical sample (N ¼ 132). The results indicated that: (1) DAS perfectionism reflects the self-critical aspects of the broader perfectionism construct rather than the active achievement striving aspects; (2) DAS need for approval generally lacks an association with positive interpersonal traits and shares much in common with DAS perfectionism; and (3) with shared …

Associations In The Course Of Personality Disorders And Axis I Disorders Over Time, M. Tracie Shea, Robert L. Stout, Shirley Yen, Maria E. Pagano, Andrew E. Skodol, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Donna S. Bender, Mary C. Zanarini

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

In this study, the authors examined time-varying associations between schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD), or obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders and co-occurring Axis I disorders in 544 adult participants from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The authors tested predictions of specific longitudinal associations derived from a model of crosscutting psychobiological dimensions (L. J. Siever & K. L. Davis, 1991) with participants with the relevant Axis I disorders. The authors assessed participants at baseline and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up evaluations. BPD showed significant longitudinal associations with major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. AVPD was significantly associated with …

An Alternative Perspective On Infant Emotion And Facial Expression, Linda A. Camras

Linda A. Camras

No abstract provided.

Two-Year Stability And Change Of Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Robert L. Stout, Maria E. Pagano, Shirley Yen, Leslie C. Morey, Mary C. Zanarini, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

he authors examined the stability of schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD) and obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders (PDs) over 2 years of prospective multiwave follow-up. Six hundred thirty-three participants recruited at 4 collaborating sites who met criteria for 1 or more of the 4 PDs or for major depressive disorder (MOD) without PD were assessed with semistructured interviews at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Lifetable survival analyses revealed that the PD groups had slower time to remission than the MDD group. Categorically, PD remission rates range from 50% (AVPD) to 61% (STPD) for dropping below diagnostic threshold on a …

7. The Supreme Court And Reluctant Witnesses: Crawford V. Washington., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Best Practices To Address The Demand Side Of Sex Trafficking, Donna M. Hughes Dr.

Donna M. Hughes

Each year, hundreds of thousands of women and children around the world become victims of the global sex trade. They are recruited into prostitution, often using tactics involving force, fraud, or coercion. Criminals working in organized networks treat the victims like commodities, buying and selling them for profit. This modern-day form of slavery is called sex trafficking.

This report will describe efforts to address the demand side of sex trafficking. It will define the demand and describe its different components. It will describe laws, policies, and programs aimed at reducing the demand for prostitution in communities and entire countries. It …

Temporal Coherence Of Criteria For Four Personality Disorders, Leslie C. Morey, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C. Zanarini, M. Tracie Shea, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

This study sought to investigate the coherence of changes observed in diagnostic criteria for borderline, schizotypal, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant personality disorders. Five hundred, forty-nine patients were independently evaluated 2 years apart, and correlations of observed changes in each diagnostic criterion with changes in other criteria were examined to determine if there was within-syndrome consistency in these changes. The observed changes in criteria were consistent within syndrome (median alpha = 0.72 across 4 disorders), and reasonably specific to that syndrome relative to the other disorders. The results support the validity of these criterion sets as representing coherent syndromes.

Sexual Aggression In Intimate Relationships, Tiffani Kisler, F. Christopher

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Clinical Significance Of Health Status Assessment Measures In Head And Neck Cancer, Gerry Funk, Lucy Karnell, Russell Smith, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

Objectives To determine the magnitude of clinically significant differences in domain scores for a quality-of-life questionnaire specific to head and neck cancer; and to demonstrate a clinically relevant method of presenting head and neck cancer–specific quality-of-life data using cutoff scores and clinical anchors.

Design Anchor-based and distribution-based techniques for determining clinically significant differences in health-related quality-of-life scores were used.

Setting University-based tertiary care hospital.

Patients A total of 421 patients with head and neck cancer enrolled in a longitudinal outcomes project.

Main Outcome Measures The Head and Neck Cancer Inventory; clinical anchor health status in the domains of speech, eating, …

Major Depressive Disorder And Borderline Personality Disorder Revisited: Longitudinal Interactions, John G. Gunderson, Leslie C. Morey, Robert L. Stout, Andrew E. Skodol, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C. Zanarini, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Maria T. Daversa, Donna S. Bender

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

BACKGROUND: This report investigates the longitudinal association of changes in major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder.

METHOD: A DSM-IV-diagnosed sample of 161 patients with borderline personality disorder who have been followed with repeated measures at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months are investigated to see whether those with co-occurring MDD differ at baseline and in their course. Proportional hazard regression and cross-lagged panel analyses are used to demonstrate whether changes in the course of either disorder have predictable effects on the course of the other.

RESULTS: The rate of remissions of borderline personality disorder was not affected by …

Longitudinal Diagnostic Efficiency Of Dsm-Iv Criteria For Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: A 2-Year Prospective Study, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Robert L. Stout, M. Tracie Shea, Leslie C. Morey, Mary C. Zanarini, Donna S. Bender, Shirley Yen, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD).

Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard.

Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of preoccupied with details, rigid and stubborn, and reluctant to delegate.

Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of …

The Role Of Perceived Control And Preference For Control In Adherence To A Chronic Medical Regimen, Jamie Cvengros, Alan Christensen, William Lawton

Alan J. Christensen

Background: Poor patient adherence is a widespread problem among patients undergoing hemodialysisfor end-stage renal disease.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the joint role of perceived restriction of control and individual differences in preference for control in predicting adherence to the hemodialysis regimen.

Methods: Participants were 49 patients recruited from five hemodialysis centers affiliated with the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Preference for control in the health care context was assessed using the Preference for Information and Preference for Behavioral Involvement subscales of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey, and perceived control was assessed using six items …

Finding Meaning In Parenting A Child With Asperger Syndrome: Correlates Of Sense Making And Benefit Finding, Kenneth Pakenham, Kate Sofronoff, Christina Samios

Christina Samios

This study explored the nature of two construals of meaning, benefit finding and sense making, in parents of a child with Asperger syndrome, and examined relations between both meaning constructs and the Double ABCX family stress model variables (initial stressor and pile-up of demands, appraisal, social support, coping strategies and adjustment) [H.I. McCubbin, J.M. Patterson, Social Stress and the Family: Advances and Developments in Family Stress Theory and Research, Haworth, New York, 1983, pp. 7–37]. A total of 59 parents completed questionnaires. Content analyses of parents’ responses to questions inquiring about gains and sense making explanations revealed 8 benefit and …

Healing The War Between The Genders: The Power Of The Soul-Centered Relationship (Book Author, Linda Marks; Book Reviewer, Carroy Ferguson), Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

As humanity seeks to understand its next evolutionary journey and to evolve its consciousness, insightful thinkers and writers have emerged to identify where we must first heal and to provide guidance for how to heal. In her book Healing The War Between The Genders: The Power of the Soul-Centered Relationship, Linda Marks adeptly discusses what she calls a “cultural heart wound” as being at the center of the gender struggle. In this context, the struggle actually transcends heterosexual relationships, gender-role conflicts, and particular one-to-one dynamics per se. As each person has what are often called male and female energies, “the …

The Longitudinal Relationship Of Personality Traits And Disorders, Megan B. Warner, Leslie C. Morey, John F. Finch, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Personality disorders are presumed to be stable because of underlying stable and maladaptive personality traits, but while previous research has demonstrated a link between personality traits and personality disorders cross-sectionally, personality disorders and personality traits have not been linked longitudinally. This study explores the extent to which relevant personality traits are stable in individuals diagnosed with 4 personality disorders (schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders) and examines the assumption that these personality disorders are stable by virtue of stable personality traits. This assumption was tested via the estimation of a series of latent longitudinal models that evaluated whether changes …

Testing An Apa Practice Guideline: Symptom-Targeted Medication Utilization For Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder, John M. Oldham, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, Ingrid R. Dyck, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Mary C. Zanarini, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to test whether the use of psychotropic medication treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) was consistent with proposals in the recently published American Psychiatric Association's Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

METHOD: Medication utilization by patients with BPD was assessed prospectively over a 2-year period prior to the publication of the Guideline. Three BPD symptom clusters--cognitive-perceptual, affective dysregulation, and impulsive-behavioral dyscontrol--along with demographic and functioning variables were used to predict the use of five classes of medication.

RESULTS: Symptoms of impulsive-behavioral dyscontrol significantly predicted use of both neuroleptics …

Psychophysiological Reactivity To Traumatic And Abandonment Scripts In Borderline Personality And Posttraumatic Stress Disorders: A Preliminary Report, Christian G. Schmahl, Bernet M. Elzinga, Ulrich W. Ebner, Timothy Simms, Charles A. Sanislow, Eric Vermetten, Thomas H. Mcglashan, J. Douglas Bremner

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition linked to early stressors including traumatic abuse and abandonment. While much work has addressed traumatic events in childhood, little is known about the biological sequelae of BPD including how this disorder may be differentiated from other stressrelated disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate psychophysiological effects of different types of stressful reminders in BPD and in PTSD. Psychophysiological measures including heart rate, skin conductance responses, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to standardized neutral scripts, and personalized scripts of traumatic …

Childhood Maltreatment Associated With Adult Personality Disorders: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Cynthia L. Battle, M. Tracie Shea, Dawn M. Johnson, Caron Zlotnick, Mary C. Zanarini, Charles A. Sanislow, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Leslie C. Morey

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria Associated With Prospectively Observed Suicidal Behavior, Shirley Yen, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C. Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVE: The authors prospectively examined associations between each DSM-IV borderline personality disorder criterion and suicidal behaviors.

METHOD: Borderline personality disorder diagnosis and criteria, major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, and history of childhood sexual abuse were assessed with semistructured interviews. Participants (N=621) were followed for 2 years with repeated structured evaluations that included assessments of suicidality.

RESULTS: With the self-injury criterion excluded, the borderline personality disorder criteria of affective instability, identity disturbance, and impulsivity significantly predicted suicidal behaviors. Only affective instability and childhood sexual abuse were significantly associated with suicide attempts (i.e., behavior with some intent to die).

CONCLUSIONS: Affective …

An Electronic Instruction Manual And Checklist For Steam Boiler Start-Up, Satoru Tokuda, Esa Rantenan, Jessica C. Hill

Jessica Hill

Sexual Aggression In Romantic Relationships, F. Christopher, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

The Handbook of Sexuality in Close Relationships was the recipient of the Society of Sex Therapy and Research (SSTAR) Exceptional Merit Award.

Exploring Marital Sexuality: Peeking Inside The Bedroom And Discovering What We Don't Know—But Should!, F. Christopher, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

The Handbook of Sexuality in Close Relationships was the recipient of the Society of Sex Therapy and Research (SSTAR) Exceptional Merit Award.

Technological And Medical Advances: Implications For Health Psychology, Patrice Saab, Judith Mccalla, Helen Coons, Alan Christensen, Robert Kaplan, Suzanne Johnson, Mark Ackerman, Edward Stepanski, David Krantz, Barbara Melamed

Alan J. Christensen

Behavioral telehealth, health informatics, organ and tissue transplantation, and genetics are among the areas that have been affected by advances in technology and medicine. These areas illustrate the opportunities and the challenges that new developments can pose to health psychologists. Each area is discussed with respect to implications for practice, research, public policy, and education and training: recommendations are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Juvenile Recidivism: Criminal Propensity, Social Control And Social Learning Theories, Bruce Watt, Kevin Howells, Paul Delfabbro

Bruce Watt

Juvenile delinquency is a common precursor to persistent and serious criminal behavior in adulthood. However, many young offenders will cease offending by early adulthood. Identification of the causal factors that contribute to persistence and relinquishment in offending behavior is essential for reducing future criminality. Risk assessment research with juvenile offenders identifies a range of significant individual and contextual factors that predict future delinquency. However, much of the research has been conducted without clear theoretical direction. Theoretical bases for risk prediction are essential in the development of effective assessment processes that accurately guide interventions with young offenders. This article reviews previous …

A Behavior Genetic Investigation Of The Relationship Between Leadership And Personality, Andrew Johnson, Philip Vernon, Julie Harris, Kerry Jang

Andrew M. Johnson

Phenotypic research on leadership style has long considered the importance of individual differences in personality when identifying the behaviors associated with good leaders. Although leadership and many personality traits have been separately shown to be heritable, these constructs have not been examined with genetically informative data to identify common sources of heritability in the two domains. A logical extension to current research, therefore, is to examine the extent to which factors of personality are predictive of leadership dimensions and the extent to which unique genetic contributions to the relationship between personality and leadership style may be identified. Adult twin pairs …