Psychology Commons^™

Family Support, Physical Impairment, And Adherence In Hemodialysis: An Investigation Of Main And Buffering Effects, Alan Christensen, Timothy Smith, Charles Turner, John Holman Jr., Martin Gregory, Martina Rich

Alan J. Christensen

Patient noncompliance is a pervasive problem among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Previous studies have implicated social support as an important correlate of adherence behavior in other chronic illness groups, but little research has examined this relationship in a hemodialysis population. The present study examined the main and interactive effects of social support in the family and illness-related physical impairment with regard to patient compliance in a sample of 78 hemodialysis patients. Results indicated that patients holding perceptions of a more supportive family environment exhibited significantly more favorable adherence to fluid-intake restrictions than did patients reporting less family support. Family …

The Reviewing Of Object Files: Object-Specific Integration Of Information, Daniel Kahneman, Anne Treisman, Brian Gibbs

Brian J. Gibbs

A series of experiments explored a form of object-specific priming. In all experiments a preview field containing two or more letters is followed by a target letter that is to be named. The displays are designed to produce a perceptual interpretation of the target as a new state of an object that reviously contained one of the primes. The link is produced in different experiments by a shared location, by a shared relative position in a moving pattern, or by successive appearance in the same moving frame. An object-specific advantage is consistently observed: naming is facilitated by a preview of …

A Capacity Theory Of Comprehension: Individual Differences In Working Memory, Marcel Just, Patricia Carpenter

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Inelastic Supply: An Economic Approach To Simple Interval Schedule, James Dougan

James Dougan

Economic theory predicts an inverse relationship between the quantity of a commodity supplied to the marketplace and the equilibrium market price of that commodity. This prediction was tested in three experiments. Pigeons responded on simple variable-interval schedules, and quantity of reinforcement supplied was varied in a different way in each experiment. In Experiment 1, quantity supplied was varied by manipulating reinforcement rate while keeping session length constant. In Experiment 2, quantity supplied was varied by manipulating reinforcement rate while keeping reinforcers per session constant. In Experiment 3, quantity supplied was varied by manipulating reinforcer magnitude while keeping number of reinforcers …

Cardiovascular Reactivity And Interpersonal Relations: Psychosomatic Processes In Social Context, T. Smith, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

Recent epidemiological research has identified a variety of interpersonal risk factors as possibly contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease, including reduced social support and increased conflict. Related psychosomatic models identify heightened cardiovascular reactivity as a pathophysiological mechanism linking these psychosocial risk factors and subsequent illness. However, cardiovascular reactivity has largely been studied in nonsocial settings, raising concerns about the relevance of this mechanism to the psychosocial risk factors identified in epidemiological research

The Autoshaping Procedure As A Residual Block Clock, James Dougan, James Dinsmoor, John Pfister, Edda Thiels

James Dougan

In the first experiment, 4 pigeons were each presented with a recurring sequence of four key colors followed by the delivery of grain (block clock). Once the rate of pecking had stabilized, three of the colors were replaced, during different series of sessions, by a darkening of the key. The rate of pecking was reduced within those segments of the interval between deliveries of food during which the key was dark; when the key was dark during the final portion of the interval, rates were reduced throughout the entire interval. In the second experiment, 3 new pigeons were exposed to …

Who's Afraid Of Multiple Realizability?: Functionalism, Reductionism, And Connectionism, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

Philosophers have argued that on the prevailing theory of mind, functionalism, the fact that mental states are multiply realizable or can be instantiated in a variety of different physical forms, at least in principle, shows that materialism or physical is probably false. A similar argument rejects the relevance to psychology of connectionism, which holds that mental states are embodied and and constituted by connectionist neural networks. These arguments, I argue, fall before reductios ad absurdam, proving too much -- they apply as well to genes, which are multiply realizable, but the reduction of which to DNA is one the core …

Expectations, Impressions, And Judgments Of Physically Attractive Students: A Review, Miles Patterson, Vicki Ritts, Mark E. Tubbs

Miles Patterson