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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Framing Visual Perception In Terms Of Sensorimotor Mapping, Silvano Zipoli Caiani
Framing Visual Perception In Terms Of Sensorimotor Mapping, Silvano Zipoli Caiani
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Two contrasting theories, or variants of them, are predominant in the current debate on visual cognition. The standard inferential theory sees perception as a process involving the role of memory, past experiences and semantic abilities, whereas the direct theory sees perception as a connection between the perceiver and the environment that does not recruit internal information processing. In particular, the direct theory has recently been invoked because it would be able to explain the sensorimotor coupling of perception and action in humans and animals without relying on controversial notions such as those of conceptualization and propositional information. This paper aims …
How Do Ideas Become General In Their Signification?, Alexandros Tillas
How Do Ideas Become General In Their Signification?, Alexandros Tillas
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Abstraction is one of the central notions in philosophy and cognitive science. Though its origins are often traced to Locke, various senses of abstraction have been developed in fields as diverse as philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and computer science (e.g. Barsalou 2005). The notion of abstraction on which I am focusing here is as that of a process of similarities recognition across instances of a given kind involving progressive exclusion of instance details. As such, abstraction plays a major role in concept-formation and learning. Traditionally, abstraction models have been deemed circular (e.g. Berkeley 1710/1957), while in recent years …
Nonconceptual Content, Causal Theory, And Realism, Błażej Skrzypulec
Nonconceptual Content, Causal Theory, And Realism, Błażej Skrzypulec
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
In this paper the connections between the nonconceptual content of perceptual states and realism are considered. In particular, I investigate the argument for realism that uses the notion of nonconceptual content, specifically the version proposed by Raftopoulos in Cognition and Perception. To evaluate the argument two forms of realism are identified: (1) correlation realism (CR), according to which distinctions in perceptual content correlate with distinctions in the environment, and (2) ontological realism (OR), according to which perceptual content and perceived reality are both organized according to the same set of ontological categories. First, it is argued that the distinction …
Concept Acquisition And Experiential Change, William S. Robinson
Concept Acquisition And Experiential Change, William S. Robinson
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Many have held the Acquisition of Concepts Thesis (ACT) that concept acquisition can change perceptual experience. This paper explains the close relation of ACT to ADT, the thesis that acquisition of dispositions to quickly and reliably recognize a kind of thing can change perceptual experience. It then states a highly developed argument given by Siegel (2010) which, if successful, would offer strong support for ADT and indirect support for ACT. Examination of this argument, however, reveals difficulties that undermine its promise. Distinctions made in this examination help to clarify an alternative view that denies ADT and ACT while accepting that …
The Role Of Motor Affordances In Visual Working Memory, Diane Pecher
The Role Of Motor Affordances In Visual Working Memory, Diane Pecher
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Motor affordances are important for object knowledge. Semantic tasks on visual objects often show interactions with motor actions. Prior neuro-imaging studies suggested that motor affordances also play a role in visual working memory for objects. When participants remembered manipulable objects (e.g., hammer) greater premotor cortex activation was observed than when they remembered non-manipulable objects (e.g., polar bear). In the present study participants held object pictures in working memory while performing concurrent tasks such as articulation of nonsense syllables and performing hand movements. Although concurrent tasks did interfere with working memory performance, in none of the experiments did we find any …
Whorfian Effects In Color Perception: Deep Or Shallow?, Elisabetta Lalumera
Whorfian Effects In Color Perception: Deep Or Shallow?, Elisabetta Lalumera
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
This paper discusses, from the point of view of the philosophy of psychology, recent behavioral and brain studies showing effects of the diversity of language vocabulary on color perception. I examine the alternative between two different interpretations of these so-called whorfian effects, namely habitual or deep whorfianism, and shallow whorfianism. I argue that at the moment the evidence underdetermines both interpretations and the question is open. I also clarify that shallow whorfianism is not a synonym for ‘trivial whorfianism’, as some authors have suggested, but rather makes a case for the online and situated nature of human cognition.
Problems For The Purported Cognitive Penetration Of Perceptual Color Experience And Macpherson’S Proposed Mechanism, Steven Gross, Thitaporn Chaisilprungraung, Elizabeth Kaplan, Jorge Aurelio Menendez, Jonathan Flombaum
Problems For The Purported Cognitive Penetration Of Perceptual Color Experience And Macpherson’S Proposed Mechanism, Steven Gross, Thitaporn Chaisilprungraung, Elizabeth Kaplan, Jorge Aurelio Menendez, Jonathan Flombaum
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Fiona Macpherson (2012) argues that various experimental results provide strong evidence in favor of the cognitive penetration of perceptual color experience. Moreover, she proposes a mechanism for how such cognitive penetration occurs. We argue, first, that the results on which Macpherson relies do not provide strong grounds for her claim of cognitive penetrability; and, second, that, if the results do reflect cognitive penetrability, then time-course considerations raise worries for her proposed mechanism. We base our arguments in part on several of our own experiments, reported herein.
Concepts, Perception And The Dual Process Theories Of Mind, Marcello Frixione, Antonio Lieto
Concepts, Perception And The Dual Process Theories Of Mind, Marcello Frixione, Antonio Lieto
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
In this article we argue that the problem of the relationships between concepts and perception in cognitive science is blurred by the fact that the very notion of concept is rather confused. Since it is not always clear exactly what concepts are, it is not easy to say, for example, whether and in what measure concept possession involves entertaining and manipulating perceptual representations, whether concepts are entirely different from perceptual representations, and so on. As a paradigmatic example of this state of affairs, we will start by taking into consideration the distinction between conceptual and nonconceptual content. The analysis of …
Linguistic Intuitions And Cognitive Penetrability, Michael Devitt
Linguistic Intuitions And Cognitive Penetrability, Michael Devitt
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Metalinguistic intuitions play a very large evidential role in both linguistics and philosophy. Linguists think that these intuitions are products of underlying linguistic competence. I call this view “the voice of competence” (“VoC”). Although many philosophers seem to think that metalinguistic intuitions are a priori many may implicitly hold the more scientifically respectable VoC. According to VoC, I argue, these intuitions can be cognitively penetrated by the central processor. But, I have argued elsewhere, VoC is false. Instead, we should hold “the modest explanation” (“ME”) according to which these intuitions are fairly unreflective empirical theory-laden central-processor responses to phenomena. On …
Is Low-Level Visual Experience Cognitively Penetrable?, Dávid Bitter
Is Low-Level Visual Experience Cognitively Penetrable?, Dávid Bitter
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Philosophers and psychologists alike have argued recently that relatively abstract beliefs or cognitive categories like those regarding race can influence the perceptual experience of relatively low-level visual features like color or lightness. Some of the proposed best empirical evidence for this claim comes from a series of experiments in which White faces were consistently judged as lighter than equiluminant Black faces, even for racially ambiguous faces that were labeled ‘White’ as opposed to ‘Black’ (Levin and Banaji 2006). The latter result is considered especially indicative of cognitive penetration, based on the reasoning that the relevant distortions were a function of …
Grounding Naïve Physics And Optics In Perception, Ivana Bianchi, Ugo Savardi
Grounding Naïve Physics And Optics In Perception, Ivana Bianchi, Ugo Savardi
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Many adults hold mistaken beliefs concerning the behavior of mechanical motion and reflections. In the field of psychology this has been investigated in the areas of naïve physics and naïve optics. The interesting question regards where these false beliefs come from. Particularly thought-provoking is the case of errors which are at odds not only with (presumably or even actually) known physical/optical concepts, but also with what people would actually perceive. Some errors are in fact consistent with what people see in ecological conditions while others apparently are not. This has led to the former being referred to as perceptual errors …
Book Review: It's Not You, It's The Dishes: How To Minimize Conflict And Maximize Happiness In Your Relationship, Derek Lawson
Book Review: It's Not You, It's The Dishes: How To Minimize Conflict And Maximize Happiness In Your Relationship, Derek Lawson
Journal of Financial Therapy
It’s Not You, It’s The Dishes brings economic principles and theory into the married life of couples. The authors simplify economics by providing fundamental concepts while removing technical jargon in a funny, yet intuitive way. Readers are introduced to the basics of comparative advantage, game theory, and eight other economic principles, all while learning lessons on how to resourcefully allocate their limited units of time, money, and energy to yield a better return on their biggest investment of their lives, their marriage. At its core, this is a self-help book aimed at married couples. Nevertheless, financial professionals and academics may …
Practitioner Profile: An Interview With Reeta Wolfsohn, Cmsw, Reeta Wolfsohn
Practitioner Profile: An Interview With Reeta Wolfsohn, Cmsw, Reeta Wolfsohn
Journal of Financial Therapy
Reeta Wolfsohn, CMSW, began practicing financial therapy in 1997. At the time, she didn’t call what she did by that name, but her work specifically addressed the financial issues and problems of her clients. Early on in her work, Reeta recognized clients wanted to take control of their money and their lives, but struggled not only with the shame, guilt, worry, and stress of debt, but also with the poor sense of self, and low self-confidence and self-esteem which inevitably accompanied it. Realizing clients needed more help than regularly scheduled therapy sessions, she began developing financial educational materials and psychosocial …
Researcher Profile: An Interview With John E. Grable, Ph.D., Cfp(R), John Grable
Researcher Profile: An Interview With John E. Grable, Ph.D., Cfp(R), John Grable
Journal of Financial Therapy
John E. Grable, Ph.D., CFP(R) teaches and conducts research in the Certified Financial Planner(TM) Board of Standards undergraduate and graduate programs at the University of Georgia. Prior to entering the academic profession, he worked as a pension/benefits administrator and later as a Registered Investment Advisor in an asset management firm. He served as the founding editor for the Journal of Personal Finance and as the co-founding editor of the Journal of Financial Therapy. His research interests include financial risk-tolerance assessment, psychophysiological economics, and financial planning help-seeking behavior. Dr. Grable has published nearly 100 peer-reviewed papers, co-authored two financial …
“Where I’M Coming From”: A Discourse Analysis Of Financial Advice Media, Tanya E. Mudry, Ines Sametband, Tom Strong, Dan Wulff, Jennifer Michel, Sally St. George
“Where I’M Coming From”: A Discourse Analysis Of Financial Advice Media, Tanya E. Mudry, Ines Sametband, Tom Strong, Dan Wulff, Jennifer Michel, Sally St. George
Journal of Financial Therapy
In this paper we conceptualize different understandings and positions taken in conflicts over finances in family and couple relationships. We see these as informed by discourses found in popular and professional media. Discourses, as we describe them, are cultural ways of understanding and acting – where “we are coming from,” in this case, relates to finances and financial management. We turn to various media (magazine advice articles, self-help books, professional and research literatures) using discourse analysis to identify distinct discourses regarding how finances are to be regarded and managed. We then link these discourses to discourse positions, or positionings, that …
Moneygrams: Recalled Childhood Memories About Money And Adult Money Pathology, Adrian Furnham, Sophie Von Stumm, Rebecca Milner
Moneygrams: Recalled Childhood Memories About Money And Adult Money Pathology, Adrian Furnham, Sophie Von Stumm, Rebecca Milner
Journal of Financial Therapy
In this study 512 adults completed two questionnaires. One questionnaire was devised specifically for this study concerning childhood memories of parental beliefs and behaviours with respect to money (i.e moneygrams)/ The second questionnaire established a measure of “money pathology” (Forman, 1987). The moneygram questionnaire was based on clinical cases and idiographic studies on money pathology. Around a fifth of the items showed significant sex differences. Factor analysis highlighted one clear factor, namely “money secrecy” - which was associated with greater levels of spending money pathology in adulthood. In women, but not in men, higher family money secrecy was significantly associated …
Factors Related To Financial Stress Among College Students, Stuart Heckman, Hanna Lim, Catherine Montalto
Factors Related To Financial Stress Among College Students, Stuart Heckman, Hanna Lim, Catherine Montalto
Journal of Financial Therapy
Concerns that debt loads and other financial worries negatively affect student wellness are a top priority for many university administrators. Factors related to financial stress among college students were explored using the Roy Adaptation Model, a conceptual framework used in health care applications. Responses from the 2010 Ohio Student Financial Wellness Survey were analyzed using proportion tests and multivariate logistic regressions. The results show that financial stress is widespread among students – 71% of the sample reported feeling stress from personal finances. The results of the proportion tests and logistic regressions show that this study successfully identified important financial stressors …
Understanding Financial Literacy And Competence: Considerations For Training, Collaboration, And Referral For Mfts, Bryce L. Jorgensen, Damon L. Rappleyea, Alan C. Taylor
Understanding Financial Literacy And Competence: Considerations For Training, Collaboration, And Referral For Mfts, Bryce L. Jorgensen, Damon L. Rappleyea, Alan C. Taylor
Journal of Financial Therapy
Developing clinical competencies is a foundational feature for most mental health disciplines. Evidence suggests that many couples attending marital therapy regularly report that financial concerns are a significant contributor to their collective distress. Despite the reports of financial distress being a common occurrence, many practitioners are unfamiliar with available resources to remediate the problem. The authors address the concepts of practitioner competence in financial literacy, client financial problems, the benefits of financial literacy, and suggest a referral process, grounded in ethical decision making, that provides appropriate treatment considerations to clients experiencing such distress. The Referral for Financial Concerns Questionnaire (RFCQ) …
Editorial, Volume 5, Issue 1, Kristy L. Archuleta
Editorial, Volume 5, Issue 1, Kristy L. Archuleta
Journal of Financial Therapy
Welcome to Volume 5, Issue 1 of the Journal of Financial Therapy! In this issue, four scholarly papers are presented along with two profiles and a book review. These four papers address very important issues, such as mental health therapists’ competency in working with financial issues, financial stress of college students, parental messages about money, and financial advice media.