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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Process And Meaning Of Sexual Assault Disclosure, Sharon G. Smith
The Process And Meaning Of Sexual Assault Disclosure, Sharon G. Smith
Psychology Dissertations
Disclosure of sexual assault is a complicated process which depends upon a host of factors, such as assault characteristics, the victim’s interpretation, and the level of distress she experiences. Comprehensive theories of adult sexual assault disclosure have not been proposed. Most studies concentrate on a particular aspect of disclosure, such as outcomes of disclosure and reasons for disclosing versus not disclosing. A number of gaps exist in the current literature on adult sexual assault disclosure. These include the conceptualization of disclosure as a discrete or continuous variable; how it may evolve during stages of recovery; the progression of disclosure (e.g., …
A Comparison Of Consumer-Controlled And Traditional Hiv Counseling And Testing: Implications For Screening And Outreach Among Injection Drug Users, Bradford Noyes Bartholow
A Comparison Of Consumer-Controlled And Traditional Hiv Counseling And Testing: Implications For Screening And Outreach Among Injection Drug Users, Bradford Noyes Bartholow
Psychology Dissertations
Recent advances in HIV antiretroviral therapy and the availability of prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, combined with the opportunity to prevent perinatal HIV infection, underscores the value of early diagnosis of HIV infection. HIV antibody home test kits offer individuals the opportunity to collect a blood sample, send it anonymously to a laboratory, and receive counseling and referral over the phone. Home HIV testing may reduce barriers to testing that have precluded individuals from learning their HIV serostatus, and if seropositive, from taking advantage of efficacious therapeutic and preventive regimens. This study employed a randomized-controlled prospective field trial design to determine …
The Mediating Role Of Receptive Language In The Relationship Between Verbal Memory And Language Production In Preschool Children, Anjali Vandrie
The Mediating Role Of Receptive Language In The Relationship Between Verbal Memory And Language Production In Preschool Children, Anjali Vandrie
Psychology Theses
Research has demonstrated a close relationship between verbal short-term (STM) and working memory (WM) and receptive language in children (Baddeley, Gathercole, & Papagno, 1998; Ellis & Sinclair, 1996). Few studies have examined the relationship between memory and language production, and these studies focus on STM only. Though correlations have been found between verbal STM and production, the nature of the correlations are unclear. The current study examined the possibility that receptive language mediates the relationship between memory and language production. Children between 3;0 and 5;11 were administered tests assessing receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, expressive vocabulary, verbal STM, and verbal WM. …
The Effects Of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure On The Mutual Regulation Of Attention In Mother-Infant Dyads, Traci Golbach
The Effects Of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure On The Mutual Regulation Of Attention In Mother-Infant Dyads, Traci Golbach
Psychology Dissertations
Mutual regulation of attention was investigated in a group of prenatally cocaine-exposed and non-exposed mother-infant dyads during a 5-minute videotaped free play session. Mutual regulation was measured using a state-based coding scheme designed to categorize dyadic interactions into three mutually exclusive and exhaustive states: maternal bid, mutual engagement, and non-involved. Results revealed no significant differences between cocaine-exposed and non-exposed dyads in overall amount of mutual engagement displayed. Cocaine-exposed dyads exhibited significantly longer mutual engagement episodes. Mothers in the two groups did not differ in the number or quality of bids for mutual engagement, and infants in both groups were equally …
The Role Of Eye Movements In The Relationship Between Rapid Automatized Naming And Reading Ability, Rebecca Eisenberg Doyle
The Role Of Eye Movements In The Relationship Between Rapid Automatized Naming And Reading Ability, Rebecca Eisenberg Doyle
Psychology Theses
The Rapid Automatized Naming test (RAN) has been shown to be a strong predictor of reading ability (Bowers and Wolf, 1993), however, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the visual scanning and sequential components of the continuous RAN format are similar to those same visual scanning processes required in reading, and whether these processes partially account for the relationship. The sample consisted of 57 undergraduate students (63.2% female). The majority of the sample was either Caucasian (33.3%) or African American (29.8%). The eye movement measures consisted of three short stories …
The Effect Of Parental Congruence On Preadolescent Problem Behavior In African American Families, Alana K. Miller
The Effect Of Parental Congruence On Preadolescent Problem Behavior In African American Families, Alana K. Miller
Psychology Theses
The current study examined the effects of parenting congruence on child outcome behaviors. Participants were 144 African American families with a child between 9 and 12 years old. Mothers and fathers provided self report on their behavior regarding monitoring, positive parenting, and parental beliefs. Children provided self report regarding child problem behavior, and sexual intentions. Results revealed the more congruent parents were on positive parenting behaviors the more boys thought about sex; however, results for girls were not significant. Additionally, moderation trends suggested when both parents are high on monitoring behaviors girls have thought about sex less, whereas boys think …
The Effect Of The Death Of A Child On Midlife Mental And Physical Health: An Exploration Of Risk And Resilience Factors, Catherine Hilary Rogers
The Effect Of The Death Of A Child On Midlife Mental And Physical Health: An Exploration Of Risk And Resilience Factors, Catherine Hilary Rogers
Psychology Dissertations
The study examined the long-term effects of a death of a child on a variety of parental psychological and physical outcomes, incorporating several methodological and conceptual innovations over previous research. Prior bereavement research typically has focused on functioning within a short time period after the death and often has utilized self-selected samples of grieving parents; thus current models of grief may be inadequate. In contrast, this study broadened the timeframe in which bereavement is studied (average time since death= 20 years), and examined a sample of bereaved parents who were not self-selected. Participants were members of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study …
Longitudinal Effects Of Family Variables And Illness Severity On Cognitive Functioning In Children With Hiv Infection, Heather Jordon Clark
Longitudinal Effects Of Family Variables And Illness Severity On Cognitive Functioning In Children With Hiv Infection, Heather Jordon Clark
Psychology Dissertations
Although HIV/AIDS is the 9th leading cause of death in African-American children, 80% of HIV-infected children in the U.S. live into school-age years. This study focuses on associations between HIV illness severity, family factors, and long-term cognitive functioning of these children. Participants included 42 perinatally HIV-infected children (mean age = 72.4 months), 93% of whom were African-American. Mean intellectual functioning was more than one standard deviation below the normative mean; whereas, overall language and attention functioning were generally not different from the normative sample. First, this study described changes in functioning over time and/or between genders. Analyses of variance were …
Sense Of Community And Participant Engagement In A Group-Based Parenting Intervention, Catherine Ann Lesesne
Sense Of Community And Participant Engagement In A Group-Based Parenting Intervention, Catherine Ann Lesesne
Psychology Dissertations
This study examined sense of community (SOC) and participant engagement in the first 12 months of a longitudinal, group-based intervention program for parents, Legacy for ChildrenTM. Previous research in self-help/mutual support groups and alternative living environments for recovering addicts suggested SOC may positively influence engagement in programs and may be an active ingredient to the success of such programs. Literature on SOC has been limited by cross-sectional investigations and lacked a developmental perspective of changes in SOC over time. This study examined the following questions: 1) Does SOC with the parenting program differ between intervention and control participants at 6 …
The Growth Of Phonological Awareness: Response To Reading Intervention By Children With Reading Disabilities Who Exhibit Typical Or Below-Average Language Skills, Justin Coy Wise
Psychology Dissertations
Phonological awareness (PA) can be defined as the ability to recognize that orthographic patterns represent specific phonemic elements of speech (Nitrouer, 1999). Alternatively, some view PA as a purely linguistic skill that involves the ability to recognize and manipulate specific speech sounds (e.g., Catts, 1991). A large body of research indicates the primary problem for children who do not learn to read is a deficit in PA (e.g., Morris et al., 1998; Stanovich, 1988). Far less work has examined what drives the development of PA (Metsala & Walley, 1998). Recently, it has been suggested that oral language skills influence the …
Autonomy And Relatedness In Mother-Teen Interactions As Predictors Of Involvement In Adolescent Dating Aggression, Phyllis Holditch Niolon
Autonomy And Relatedness In Mother-Teen Interactions As Predictors Of Involvement In Adolescent Dating Aggression, Phyllis Holditch Niolon
Psychology Dissertations
This study examined autonomy and relatedness in mother adolescent interactions as longitudinal predictors of adolescent involvement in dating aggression. Research indicates that dating aggression, defined as perpetration and/or victimization of physical, psychological, or sexual aggression, affects one-third to two-thirds of adolescents. Most studies of adolescent dating aggression have been cross-sectional, have lacked a developmental theoretical perspective, and have not adequately investigated contextual differences in dating aggression. This study adds to the existing literature in that it applies a developmental framework to a multi-method, longitudinal study (n=88) of adolescent dating aggression. Adolescents’ and their mothers’ demonstrations of support for and inhibition …
Development Of Visual-Verbal Integration In Working Memory During Childhood And Its Relation To Language And Reading, M. Katrina Smith
Development Of Visual-Verbal Integration In Working Memory During Childhood And Its Relation To Language And Reading, M. Katrina Smith
Psychology Dissertations
Research has demonstrated working memory improves during childhood and supports vocabulary, grammar, and reading development (Adams & Gathercole, 1995, 1996; Bowey, 1996; Gathercole & Baddeley, 1989, 1990). Prior to the addition of the episodic buffer in Baddeley’s model of working memory (2000a), auditory and visual aspects of working memory were often treated separately without evaluating contributions from the ability to integrate the two forms of information. The present study was designed to investigate the development of visual-verbal integration in working memory and its role in language and reading development. Tests of receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and decoding ability were administered …
Teaching Behavioral Pain Management To Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review Of Research In Training Programs, Jill E. Maclaren, Lindsey L. Cohen
Teaching Behavioral Pain Management To Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review Of Research In Training Programs, Jill E. Maclaren, Lindsey L. Cohen
Psychology Faculty Publications
Pain is a common and potentially debilitating condition. Whereas there is vast literature on developmentally appropriate behavioral techniques for pain management, results of curriculum evaluations and knowledge surveys reveal a dearth of awareness of these strategies in healthcare professionals. As a result, the development and evaluation of pain management training programs is an important endeavor. Results of studies evaluating such programs are promising and suggest that training may be an effective means of impacting healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and even patient care. These results must be interpreted with caution however, as the literature contains several conceptual and methodological limitations. These …
Assessing Medical Room Behavior During Infants’ Painful Medical Procedures: The Measure Of Adult And Infant Soothing And Distress (Maisd), Lindsey L. Cohen, Rebecca S. Bernard, Catherine B. Mcclellan, Jill E. Maclaren
Assessing Medical Room Behavior During Infants’ Painful Medical Procedures: The Measure Of Adult And Infant Soothing And Distress (Maisd), Lindsey L. Cohen, Rebecca S. Bernard, Catherine B. Mcclellan, Jill E. Maclaren
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study evaluated the Measure of Adult and Infant Soothing and Distress (MAISD) for examining infant, parent, and nurse behavior during infants’ immunizations. Videotapes of 62 infants, parents, and nurses during immunizations were coded. Concurrent validity and reliability for the MAISD were demonstrated. The scale revealed that infants displayed predominately distress, and adults exhibited primarily reassurance. Parents’ and nurses’ distractions were positively related to infants’ engaging in distraction, and parents’ and nurses’ reassurance was positively associated with infant distress. There appear to be avenues in which to intervene to teach parents and nurses how to best behave to help infants …
The Woodcock Reading Mastery Test: Impact Of Normative Changes, Hye Kyeong Pae, Justin Coy Wise, Paul Cirino, Rose Sevcik, Maureen Lovett, Robin Morris, Maryanne Wolf
The Woodcock Reading Mastery Test: Impact Of Normative Changes, Hye Kyeong Pae, Justin Coy Wise, Paul Cirino, Rose Sevcik, Maureen Lovett, Robin Morris, Maryanne Wolf
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study examined the magnitude of differences in standard scores, convergent validity, and concurrent validity when an individual’s performance was gauged using the revised and the normative update (Woodcock, 1998) editions of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test in which the actual test items remained identical but norms have been updated. From three met- ropolitan areas, 899 first to third grade students referred by their teachers for a reading in- tervention program participated. Results showed the inverse Flynn effect, indicating systematic inflation averaging 5 to 9 standard score points, regardless of gender, IQ, city site, or ethnicity, when calculated using the …
Evaluation Of The Double-Deficit Hypotheses In College Students Referred For Learning Difficulties, Paul Cirino, Mary K. Morris, Robin Morris, Marlyne K. Israelian
Evaluation Of The Double-Deficit Hypotheses In College Students Referred For Learning Difficulties, Paul Cirino, Mary K. Morris, Robin Morris, Marlyne K. Israelian
Psychology Faculty Publications
The present study explored the double-deficit hypothesis (DDH) in a sample of 146 college students with and without reading disabilities (RD). The results indicated that although both phonological awareness (PA) and visual naming speed (VNS) contributed to performance on measures of decoding and comprehension, their relative contribution was influenced both by the nature of the stimulus (word vs. nonword vs. text) and by the conditions of the task (timed vs. untimed). Similar results were obtained using an individual differences approach, or when between-group comparisons were made of individuals with deficits in PA or VNS. The relative representation of DDH subgroups …
Relationship Between Home Literacy Environment And Reading Achievement In Children With Reading Disabilities, Robin Morris, Rose Sevcik, Fontina Rashid
Relationship Between Home Literacy Environment And Reading Achievement In Children With Reading Disabilities, Robin Morris, Rose Sevcik, Fontina Rashid
Psychology Faculty Publications
Past research has indicated that a significant relationship exists between young children’s early home literacy environment and their reading-related skills. However, this relationship has rarely been investigated among older children with reading disabilities (RD). In the present study, the relationship between parent and child home literacy activities and children’s academic functioning was investigated with a sample of 65 elementary-age children with RD. The results indicated that children’s home literacy activities were not significantly related to any of their academic abilities, whereas parents’ home literacy activities were significantly related to children’s passage comprehension and spelling scores. However, relationships between home literacy …