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Articles 1 - 30 of 81
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Maggy Corrêa : Passer Le Témoin, Avec Ou Sans Le Feu Sacré, Isabelle Favre
Maggy Corrêa : Passer Le Témoin, Avec Ou Sans Le Feu Sacré, Isabelle Favre
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In her book entitled Tutsie, etc., Rwandan Swiss author Maggy Corrêa recounts how in july 1994, she was able to rescue her mother from the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi. This essay begins by examining the status of the testimonial genre within the literary institution. Then, based on Maggy Corrêa’s text, the analysis will demonstrate how Derrida’s concept of sacramentum can be traced in Corrêa’s adventure, and how this same notion proved to be absent from the United Nations’s discourse taking place in Geneva at the same time.
La Pensée Du Témoignage : De La Scène Du Génocide À La Scène Judiciaire, Sélom Gbanou
La Pensée Du Témoignage : De La Scène Du Génocide À La Scène Judiciaire, Sélom Gbanou
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This paper intends to study the stories of witnesses of the genocide of the Tutsi people in Rwanda from the angle of both History and Justice. It analyses how the actual event is brought back by the victims’s stories and shows the tormentors that the lives they have undone have been redone in defiance of the effort to wipe out all traces, the basic idea of genocide. Furthermore, the witnesses report seems to be a judiciary scene where, trying to understand what has happened, the victims put themselves in the witness box of their conscience in order to find their …
Témoigner : Les Voies De La Connaissance, Catalina Sagarra
Témoigner : Les Voies De La Connaissance, Catalina Sagarra
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The author analyzes the narrations of Survivors of the genocide of the Tutsi, in 1994. A particular attention is paid to how the witnesses express two affects : guilt and responsibility. Their life stories explore these concepts which help them to carry out a search for Truth, which is deeply linked with the sufferings the horror of the past inflicted to them to the point of being haunted by the past. The Survivors ask themselves an array of questions, not always finding a satisfying answer which could bring them some peace. They address their questioning to different agents, telling them …
Law's War With Conscience: The Psychological Limits Of Enforcement, Eric Fleisig-Greene
Law's War With Conscience: The Psychological Limits Of Enforcement, Eric Fleisig-Greene
BYU Law Review
No abstract provided.
Individualism, Collectivism, And Dissonance: A Within-Culture Comparison, Lindsey M. Streamer
Individualism, Collectivism, And Dissonance: A Within-Culture Comparison, Lindsey M. Streamer
Modern Psychological Studies
Cognitive dissonance was examined among individuals with collectivist and individualist tendencies within a culture. To arouse dissonance, participants wrote counter-attitudinal essays under either high-choice or low-choice conditions. Participants were also given an individualism-collectivism questionnaire. Results indicated that participants in the high-choice condition experienced more cognitive dissonance (measured by degree of attitude change) than participants in the low-choice condition. Participants who scored high in individualism showed no significant difference in dissonance experienced compared to those who scored low in individualism. These results suggest that differences in cognitive dissonance experienced cross-culturally are due to factors other than individualism. Possible alternative explanations for …
Startle Response Probability And Amplitude May Be Independently Modulated By Affective Foreground Stimulation As Acoustic Probe Intensity Decreases, Adam K. Wilke
Modern Psychological Studies
The magnitude of the eyeblink reflex to an acoustic startle probe is reliable potentiated to highly arousing unpleasant foreground stimuli and inhibited to highly arousing pleasant foreground stimuli across all probe intensity levels. The present study examined the response magnitude findings of Cuthbert, Bradley, and Lang (1996) as response amplitude and probability. Medium arousal pleasant pictures produced larger blink amplitude responses than unpleasant pictures of the same arousal level to 80 and 95, but not 105 dB acoustic startle probes. This effect was opposite for high arousal pictures at all intensity levels. Response probability means decreased from pleasant to unpleasant …
Professor Burnout: Satisfaction With Salary And Perception Of Student Competence, Danielle Smith, Bethany Burmeister, Randy Carden
Professor Burnout: Satisfaction With Salary And Perception Of Student Competence, Danielle Smith, Bethany Burmeister, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examined the relationship between professor burnout and satisfaction with salary and satisfaction with their students. Twenty-seven undergraduate professors at a small, liberal arts university in the southeast responded to the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Educators Survey and three items measuring satisfaction with salary and perception of competence and dedication of their students. Salary was found to be negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Ratings of student competence and dedication were negatively related to depersonalization and positively related to personal accomplishment.
Color Inversion And Detail Effects On Face Recognition, Jill G. Boltjes, Courtney L. Rust
Color Inversion And Detail Effects On Face Recognition, Jill G. Boltjes, Courtney L. Rust
Modern Psychological Studies
Two separate studies were completed to demonstrate the importance of color location and focus on face recognition. The first study manipulated Gaussian Blur (GB) and inversion (IN). GB is the process of taking an image out of focus, the higher the cycle the more out of focus the image will appear. IN is the process of changing the dark color with light color and the light color with dark color, like a colored photographic negative. In the study, twenty celebrity faces (10 female and 10 male) were exposed to six different manipulations: three levels of GB and two levels of …
The Impact Of Task Difficulty, Defendant's Race, And Race Salience On Conformity In Mock Jury Deliberations, Allegra Giorgia Poggio, Amy Bradfield Douglass
The Impact Of Task Difficulty, Defendant's Race, And Race Salience On Conformity In Mock Jury Deliberations, Allegra Giorgia Poggio, Amy Bradfield Douglass
Modern Psychological Studies
Understanding what factors affect conformity in jury deliberations is an essential part of understanding the decision making process of reaching a verdict. This study manipulated three variables in a case summary: race salience (not salient vs. salient), defendant race (Black vs. White), and task difficulty (easy vs. difficult). The study used a mock deliberation paradigm based on Kassin, Smith, & Tulloch (1990). Participants read a case summary and provided a verdict with a short explanation. After doing so, participants read notes containing the verdicts and explanations of 5 other fictitious participants. Participants' verdicts were always in the minority. After viewing …
Psychological And Demographic Predictors Of Cellular Phone Use Of College Students, Crystal M. Mcwhirter, Linda J. Palm
Psychological And Demographic Predictors Of Cellular Phone Use Of College Students, Crystal M. Mcwhirter, Linda J. Palm
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study examined psychological and demographic predictors of cellular phone use of college students. The participants were 158 undergraduate students enrolled at a public university in the Southeastern United States. Each participant reported demographic information and completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the Trait Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Cellular Telephone Inventory. Participants' responses to the Cellular Telephone Inventory produced four measures of cellular phone use: daily phone use in minutes, instrumental use, emotional/social use, and problematic use. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the degree to which a set of six predictor variables (self-esteem, trait …
Complementarity In Romantic Relationships: Constructs Involved In Individual And Partner Change, Rebekah L. Davis, Wind Goodfriend
Complementarity In Romantic Relationships: Constructs Involved In Individual And Partner Change, Rebekah L. Davis, Wind Goodfriend
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of the current research was to investigate complementarily vs. similarity in romantic partners, as well as changes in partners' life skill levels over time. It was predicted that individuals would be more complementary to each other than similar, that they would be more likely to improve their weaknesses if they were high in Type A personality and growth, and if they perceived that their partners wanted them to improve. Surprisingly, none of these hypotheses were supported. However, improvement on life skills was positively correlated with both relationship duration and relationship satisfaction. Implications and future research possibilities are discussed.
Family Functioning As A Risk Factor In The Development Of Juvenile Delinquency, Zeenat Ismail, Zaeema Riaz
Family Functioning As A Risk Factor In The Development Of Juvenile Delinquency, Zeenat Ismail, Zaeema Riaz
Business Review
The purpose of the present research was to determine the difference between the family functioning of juvenile delinquents and non delinquents. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that score on the variable of Communication, Rigidity in Value and Norms, Affective Expression and Parental Control among family members of juvenile delinquents will be high as compared to non delinquents. Sample of the present research consisted of 240 adolescents divided into two groups of 120 delinquents and 120 non-delinquents from lowsocioeconomic status. Family Assessment Measure-Ill was administered in order to measure level of Communication, Value and Norms, Affective Expression and Parental …
Zoo Research, Amanda Shyne
Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair
Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
No abstract provided.
Encoding Specificity: Applied To Communication Patterns In Recall Processes, Makandal P. Daaga
Encoding Specificity: Applied To Communication Patterns In Recall Processes, Makandal P. Daaga
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
This study investigated the concept of encoding specificity and attempted to apply it to communication patterns and memory. The hypothesis stated that similar forms of communication during encoding and recall would lead to improved recall performance. Forty undergraduate students were recruited to participate in two free recall trials where the modality of communication (visual vs. auditory) was manipulated to test the hypothesis. Participants were presented with two word lists (15 words each) either via visually (visual) or via audio recording (auditory) and asked to recall either via writing (visual) or speaking (auditory).Trials involving similar forms of communication displayed significantly higher …
Memory Recall: Cued Or Free, Meghan Thomson, Wendy Stamps
Memory Recall: Cued Or Free, Meghan Thomson, Wendy Stamps
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
Cues may be helpful to aid a person in memory recall. Two experiments were conducted in order to test the hypothesis that recall is enhanced with the presentation of cues. In Experiment 1, the recall performances for the same forty-eight participants were compared under cued and free recall conditions. A paired t-test was performed on the participants who received both cued and free recall questions. In Experiment 2, thirteen participants were given either cued only or free only questions to recall. An independent t-test was performed on the participants who received only cued recall questions or only free recall questions. …
Noun-Sense: Short-Term Memory And Correct Recall Of Concrete, Abstract And Nonsense Words, Mindi E. Lovelady
Noun-Sense: Short-Term Memory And Correct Recall Of Concrete, Abstract And Nonsense Words, Mindi E. Lovelady
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
Retrieval of items from short-term memory is a repeat phenomenon in an individual’s everyday life. Recall of some information from short-term memory is more readily available than others, but learning to maximize the amount of information that is retrieved is possible. Using retrieval techniques that involve word concreteness could be of utility in retrieval of information. 81 undergraduate participants were recruited at Lindenwood University. Each participant was asked to complete a task involving the STM recall of words from a list. The list incorporated concrete and abstract nouns, with nonsense words. Participants demonstrated, with significance, the ability to recall more …
Classical Recall: Analysis Of The “Mozart Effect” On Basic Mental Tasks, Matthew Black, Steven Carter, Adam Rose
Classical Recall: Analysis Of The “Mozart Effect” On Basic Mental Tasks, Matthew Black, Steven Carter, Adam Rose
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
Researchers conducted a study based on the theory of the Mozart Effect to determine how well students at Lindenwood University performed on cognitive tasks when certain variables were manipulated. There were a total of twelve different conditions, in which the order of tasks, music, and hypothesis instructions were varied. It was concluded that no significant difference was found between any of the assigned conditions. Further research needs to be performed to determine if other variables would be better predictors of cognitive achievement, instead of the presence of classical music and priming participants with different hypotheses. If the Mozart Effect is …
Racial Stereotyping And Physical Perception Of Crime, Jenn Malzone
Racial Stereotyping And Physical Perception Of Crime, Jenn Malzone
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
A statistical analysis conducted by the United States Department of Justice stated that from 1976 to 2002, a surprisingly large number of murders committed were intra-racial, rather than inter-racial. The results claimed that 86% of Caucasian murder victims were killed by other Caucasians, and 94% of African American victims were killed by other African Americans. The present study was conducted to see if the average person perceives interracial crime to be more of a threat. Thirty-seven participants were given the task of assigning photographs of men from the two most prominent ethnic groups in the United States to various negative …
Interpersonal Conflict Resolution: Differences Across Sex And Socially Established Gender, Abby Ramon
Interpersonal Conflict Resolution: Differences Across Sex And Socially Established Gender, Abby Ramon
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
The purpose of this study was to examine, compare, and contrast how men and women handle conflict in romantic interpersonal relationships. The purpose was also to examine the relationship between people’s particular ways of responding and their levels of masculinity and femininity, as measured by a modified version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Eighty-two participants between the ages of 18 and 55 were recruited for this study. They were all asked to fill out a personality inventory and two questionnaires, both of which consisted of a hypothetical conflict scenario and questions for the participant to answer. The data were …
The Sexual Image Of Women In Television: The Effect On Young Women In America, Amanda Reed, Rachel Rogers
The Sexual Image Of Women In Television: The Effect On Young Women In America, Amanda Reed, Rachel Rogers
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
The purpose of this study was to look at the portrayal of the sexual image of women on television from 1970 through 2000 by rating the main female character on an appearance and communication score, which was done by the two experimenters. We hypothesized that the stereotypical appearance and communication score would increase from 1970 to 2000. However, the trend analysis showed that the appearance score decreased, implying that the stereotypical appearance of women has lessened through the years. The communication score increased from 1980 to 2000, implying a more stereotypical portrayal of women. If future, more thorough research finds …
How Preference Plays A Role In Gender And Details, Jennifer Anstead, Brittni Martin
How Preference Plays A Role In Gender And Details, Jennifer Anstead, Brittni Martin
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
How preference plays a role in gender and details was examined and evaluated in this experiment. We used Lindenwood University's Human Subject Pool to recruit 30 participants, 16 females and 14 males. Our purpose was to see whether the participants found more differences between the pairs of pictures they preferred over the less preferred pictures. We used gender stereotypical pictures with the hope that participants would prefer the picture that best fits their gender. We did not find statistical significance, F(2,58)=2.126, p=.129(p<.05), in that the participants discovered more differences in their preferred picture. However, we did find statistical significance between picture type and number correct, and the order the pictures were given and the number correct in each picture.
Spring 2007, Full Issue
Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal
No abstract provided.
Perceptions Of Positive Relationship Traits In Gay And Lesbian Couples, Miki D. Skinner
Perceptions Of Positive Relationship Traits In Gay And Lesbian Couples, Miki D. Skinner
McNair Scholars Research Journal
The following study examined perceptions of positive traits in homosexual relationships. Students (n = 216) and professional counselors (n = 96) read one of three variations of a transcript of a couple’s counseling session that were identical in all aspects except for the names of the couple members and associated pronouns, implying sexual orientation (either John and Amy, Amy and Jennifer, or John and David). Participants then rated the couple’s level of commitment, satisfaction, investment, and closeness. Surprisingly, the student group perceived no differences between the couples, but the counselor group perceived the gay and lesbian couples as having higher …
Relationships Between Self-Esteem And Factors Known To Affect College Attendance, Adam A. Torres
Relationships Between Self-Esteem And Factors Known To Affect College Attendance, Adam A. Torres
McNair Scholars Research Journal
There are many factors impacting student’s decisions to attend college. Researchers investigated selfesteem, perceived academic abilities, and intended college attendance in a group of high school seniors involved in a program aimed at assisting them get into college. Participants were 83 senior high school students (males = 28, females = 55) from various high schools in Idaho. Many students come from low socioeconomic backgrounds and were Caucasian (Caucasian = 40, Latino = 28, Asian = 6, African American = 2, and other = 6). Participants were asked 39 questions concerning intended college attendance, self-esteem, perceived academic abilities, and other factors …
From Arachne To Charlotte: An Imaginative Revisiting Of Gilligan's "In A Different Voice", Erika Rackley
From Arachne To Charlotte: An Imaginative Revisiting Of Gilligan's "In A Different Voice", Erika Rackley
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Alcohol Trends Among Native American Youth: A Look At A Reservation In Nevada, Sancheen Collins
Alcohol Trends Among Native American Youth: A Look At A Reservation In Nevada, Sancheen Collins
McNair Scholars Research Journal
American Indian Youth living on Reservations are at greater risk to be involved with alcohol and drugs at an early age and are more likely to dropout of school as a result than White, Hispanic and African American Youth.1 The purpose of the study is to identify and compare the current trends in alcohol use among American Indian adolescents in order to understand which services will better serve this population. The review of the literature examines the alcohol trends among the general population of adolescents in living in the United States, as well as the contributing factors and distinct characteristics …
Future Promise For Women In Science, Christine Armett-Kibel
Future Promise For Women In Science, Christine Armett-Kibel
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article examines possible reasons why women are still not making it to the top in the hard sciences in academia. It considers two major difficulties that women face. The first concerns the psychological nature of women, which is alleged to be unsuited to the competitive and aggressive mindset considered necessary for scientific achievement. The second concerns the childbearing and child-nurturing roles of women, which make it difficult for them to conform to the intense, time-consuming demands of an academic career in science. The article argues that many of the qualities associated with the female stereotype are actually human characteristics …