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Full-Text Articles in Psychology

A Global Experiment On Motivating Social Distancing During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole Legate, Thuy-Vy Nguyen, Andree Hartanto May 2022

A Global Experiment On Motivating Social Distancing During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole Legate, Thuy-Vy Nguyen, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. …


Situational Factors Shape Moral Judgments In The Trolley Dilemma In Eastern, Southern, And Western Countries In A Culturally Diverse Sample, Bence Bago, Andree Hartanto, Lucas E. Tiong Apr 2022

Situational Factors Shape Moral Judgments In The Trolley Dilemma In Eastern, Southern, And Western Countries In A Culturally Diverse Sample, Bence Bago, Andree Hartanto, Lucas E. Tiong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United …


Borderline Personality Traits And Romantic Relationship Dissolution, Kenneth Tan, Samantha H. Ingram, Laura Anne Lau, Susan South Apr 2022

Borderline Personality Traits And Romantic Relationship Dissolution, Kenneth Tan, Samantha H. Ingram, Laura Anne Lau, Susan South

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Many studies have found that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with romantic relationship instability, with relationship dissolution being a recurring theme. Scant research, however, has examined the dissolution strategies and post-breakup outcomes for individuals with elevated levels of borderline traits. Findings from two studies revealed that there was an association between BPD criteria and tendency to employ less adaptive dissolution strategies when terminating a relationship. Furthermore, elevated levels of BPD traits were associated with less self-concept clarity and more unwanted pursuit of ex-partners. These findings both provide insight into how individuals with BPD traits experience relationship dissolution and suggest …


Testing Theoretical Assumptions Underlying The Relation Between Anxiety, Mind Wandering, And Task-Switching: A Diffusion Model Analysis, Andree Hartanto, Hwajin Yang Apr 2022

Testing Theoretical Assumptions Underlying The Relation Between Anxiety, Mind Wandering, And Task-Switching: A Diffusion Model Analysis, Andree Hartanto, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Despite the well-documented negative effects of anxiety on task-switching (switch costs), few studies have directly tested major theoretical assumptions about (a) the specific processing component of task-switching that is impaired by anxiety, (b) anxious individuals’ strategies during task-switching, and (c) the mediating role of mind wandering in the relation between anxiety and task-switching. We addressed these issues using a stochastic diffusion model analysis and novel thought-probe technique in the task-switching paradigm. Our results suggest that the locus of impaired switch costs under state anxiety lies in the efficiency of task-set reconfiguration and not in proactive interference processing. Moreover, state anxiety …


Dispositional Gratitude, Health-Related Factors, And Lipid Profiles In Midlife: A Biomarker Study, Andree Hartanto, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Verity Y. Q. Lua, Joax Wong, Nicole R.Y. Chen Apr 2022

Dispositional Gratitude, Health-Related Factors, And Lipid Profiles In Midlife: A Biomarker Study, Andree Hartanto, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Verity Y. Q. Lua, Joax Wong, Nicole R.Y. Chen

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Dispositional gratitude has emerged in the literature to be associated with many health benefits in measures ranging from self-reported health to biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about the link between dispositional gratitude and lipid profiles. Drawing from the Gratitude and Self-improvement Model that grateful individuals are more likely to strive for actual self-improvement such as engaging in healthy lifestyles, we investigated the relation between dispositional gratitude and serum lipid levels. Participants consisted of 1800 adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) 2: Biomarker Project (N= 1054) and MIDUS Refresher: Biomarker Project …


Perceptions Of Emotional Functionality: Similarities And Differences Among Dignity, Face, And Honor Cultures, Maitner A.T., Decoster J., Andersson P.A., Eriksson K., Sherbaji S., Giner-Sorolla R., Mackie D.M., Aveyard M., Claypool H.M., Crisp R.J., Gritskov V., Habjan K., Andree Hartanto, Kiyonari T., Kuzminska A.O., Manesi Z., Molho C., Munasinghe A., Peperkoorn L.S., Shiramizu V. Apr 2022

Perceptions Of Emotional Functionality: Similarities And Differences Among Dignity, Face, And Honor Cultures, Maitner A.T., Decoster J., Andersson P.A., Eriksson K., Sherbaji S., Giner-Sorolla R., Mackie D.M., Aveyard M., Claypool H.M., Crisp R.J., Gritskov V., Habjan K., Andree Hartanto, Kiyonari T., Kuzminska A.O., Manesi Z., Molho C., Munasinghe A., Peperkoorn L.S., Shiramizu V.

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Emotions are linked to wide sets of action tendencies, and it can be difficult to predict which specific action tendency will be motivated or indulged in response to individual experiences of emotion. Building on a functional perspective of emotion, we investigate whether anger and shame connect to different behavioral intentions in dignity, face, and honor cultures. Using simple animations that showed perpetrators taking resources from victims, we conducted two studies across eleven countries investigating the extent to which participants expected victims to feel anger and shame, how they thought victims should respond to such violations, and how expectations of emotions …


Socializing Targets Of Older Adults’ Sns Use: Social Strain Mediates The Relations Between Older Adults’ Sns Use With Friends And Well-Being Outcomes, Yue Qi Germaine Tng, Hwajin Yang Apr 2022

Socializing Targets Of Older Adults’ Sns Use: Social Strain Mediates The Relations Between Older Adults’ Sns Use With Friends And Well-Being Outcomes, Yue Qi Germaine Tng, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Studies have yielded mixed findings regarding the relation between older adults’ social networking site (SNS) use and well-being. Drawing on socioemotional selectivity theory, we sought to examine whether older adults’ SNS use with different socializing targets (i.e., family vs friends) would differentially predict global, social, and mental well-being outcomes indexed by life satisfaction, loneliness, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Furthermore, we examined whether social support and social strain would mediate, in parallel, the relations between SNS use and well-being outcomes. We recruited healthy, community-dwelling older adults (ages 60–93 years, N = 69). Using the PROCESS macro, we found that SNS use …


Executive Function Moderates The Effect Of Reappraisal On Life Satisfaction: A Latent Variable Analysis, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang Apr 2022

Executive Function Moderates The Effect Of Reappraisal On Life Satisfaction: A Latent Variable Analysis, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraisal and suppression, have been shown to dissimilarly affect life satisfaction. Specifically, reappraisal is linked to higher life satisfaction, while suppression is associated with lower life satisfaction. Less is known, however, about the potential moderators of these established relations. Given that reappraisal and suppression are contingent, in part, on executive function (EF), which comprises a group of adaptive, goal-orientated control processes (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, and shifting), we explored whether different components of EF could moderate the impact of reappraisal and suppression on life satisfaction. Using latent moderated structural equation analyses, we found that …


Important To Me And My Society: How Culture Influences The Roles Of Personal Values And Perceived Group Values In Environmental Engagements Via Collectivistic Orientation, Tengjiao Huang, Angela K. Y. Leung, Kimin Eom, Kam Pong Tam Apr 2022

Important To Me And My Society: How Culture Influences The Roles Of Personal Values And Perceived Group Values In Environmental Engagements Via Collectivistic Orientation, Tengjiao Huang, Angela K. Y. Leung, Kimin Eom, Kam Pong Tam

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Despite extensive works examining the influence of personal values on environmental engagements, scarce research has examined the influence of group values that are perceived as important in the society. To address this lacuna and recent calls for more cross-cultural environmental research, we investigated whether and how culture, via collectivistic orientation, influences the roles of personal values and perceived group values, namely egoistic and biospheric values, in motivating environmental engagements in a Western (the U.S.; N = 469) and an Asian (Singapore; N = 410) country. To highlight a few findings, the study showed that personal values and perceived group values …


Tugging At Their Heartstrings: Partner’S Knowledge Of Affective Meta-Bases Predicts Use Of Emotional Advocacies In Close Relationships, Kenneth Tan, Ya Hui Michelle See Mar 2022

Tugging At Their Heartstrings: Partner’S Knowledge Of Affective Meta-Bases Predicts Use Of Emotional Advocacies In Close Relationships, Kenneth Tan, Ya Hui Michelle See

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Traditional studies of attitude change have focused on attempts between strangers, but what about in close relationships? The present article examines whether accuracy regarding a partner's meta-attitudinal bases can influence persuasion attempts. Because meta-bases reflect informationprocessing goals, we hypothesized that given partners with more affective meta-bases, greater accuracy regarding partners' meta-bases would predict use of emotional advocacies and their perceived persuasiveness. Self and partner ratings of meta-bases were assessed, and emotional advocacies as well as cognitive ones were provided to participants to present to their partners. Results revealed that the correspondence between perceptions of partner's affective meta-bases and use of …


The Influence Of Subjective Socioeconomic Status On Executive Functions In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Yu Ping Wong, Hwajin Yang Mar 2022

The Influence Of Subjective Socioeconomic Status On Executive Functions In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Yu Ping Wong, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Subjective socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to influence both psychological and biological outcomes. However, less is known about whether its influence extends to cognitive outcomes. We examined the relation between subjective SES and executive functions (EF)—a set of cognitive control processes—and its underlying mechanisms. By analyzing a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged and older adults (age 40–80) from the MIDUS 2 National Survey and Cognitive Project, we tested a serial mediation model with sense of control and health as sequential mediators. Using structural equation modeling, we found that subjective SES is indirectly related to EF via sense of control …


Perceived Cultural Impacts Of Climate Change Motivate Climate Action And Support For Climate Policy, Kim-Pong Tam, Angela K. Y. Leung, Brandon Koh Mar 2022

Perceived Cultural Impacts Of Climate Change Motivate Climate Action And Support For Climate Policy, Kim-Pong Tam, Angela K. Y. Leung, Brandon Koh

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The impacts of climate change on human cultures have received increasing attention in recent years. However, the extent to which people are aware of these impacts, whether such awareness motivates climate action, and what kinds of people show stronger awareness are rarely understood. The present investigation provides the very first set of answers to these questions. In two studies (with a student sample with N = 199 from Singapore and a demographically representative sample with N = 625 from the USA), we observed a generally high level of awareness among our participants. Most importantly, perceived cultural impacts of climate change …


A Daily Within-Person Investigation On The Link Between Social Expectancies To Be Busy And Emotional Wellbeing: The Moderating Role Of Emotional Complexity Acceptance., Verity Y. Q. Lua, Nadyanna M Majeed, Angela K. Y. Leung, Andree Hartanto Mar 2022

A Daily Within-Person Investigation On The Link Between Social Expectancies To Be Busy And Emotional Wellbeing: The Moderating Role Of Emotional Complexity Acceptance., Verity Y. Q. Lua, Nadyanna M Majeed, Angela K. Y. Leung, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

With postmodern societies placing a strong emphasis on making full use of one’s time, it is increasingly common to extol busy individuals as more achieving. In this context, although feeling a social expectation to be busy might imply that individuals are regarded as competent and desirable, its accompanying stressors may also detrimentally impact their mental health. Utilising data from a seven-day diary study, the current research examined the relationship between people’s daily perceived pressure to be busy and their daily emotional wellbeing. Multilevel modelling revealed that daily social pressure to be busy was a significant predictor of daily negative affect, …


When Intelligence Hurts And Ignorance Is Bliss: Global Pandemic As An Evolutionarily Novel Threat To Happiness, Satoshi Kanazawa, Norman P. Li, Jose C. Yong Feb 2022

When Intelligence Hurts And Ignorance Is Bliss: Global Pandemic As An Evolutionarily Novel Threat To Happiness, Satoshi Kanazawa, Norman P. Li, Jose C. Yong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Introduction: The savanna theory of happiness posits that it is not only the current consequences of a given situation that affect happiness but also its ancestral consequences, and that the effect of ancestral consequences on happiness is stronger among less intelligent individuals. But what about situations that did not exist in the ancestral environment and thus have no ancestral consequences? Global pandemic is one such situation that has no ancestral analog, and the theory predicts such evolutionarily novel threats to have a negative effect disproportionately on the life satisfaction of more intelligent individuals.Methods: We analyzed prospectively longitudinal data from population …


Applying The Dual Filial Piety Model In The United States: A Comparison Of Filial Piety Between Asian Americans And Caucasian Americans, Amy Jia-Ying Lim, Clement Yong Hao Lau, Chi-Ying Cheng Feb 2022

Applying The Dual Filial Piety Model In The United States: A Comparison Of Filial Piety Between Asian Americans And Caucasian Americans, Amy Jia-Ying Lim, Clement Yong Hao Lau, Chi-Ying Cheng

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The definition and measurement of filial piety in existing research primarily focuses on the narrow conceptualizations of Asian filial piety, which would inflate cultural differences and undermine cultural universals in how people approach caring for their elderly parents. Employing the Dual Filial Piety Model (DFPM), this study aimed to examine the relationship between filial piety and attitude toward caring for elderly parents beyond the Asian context. In our study (N = 276), we found that reciprocal filial piety (RFP) does not differ across cultures while authoritarian filial piety (AFP) does. We also found that collectivism, rather than ethnicity, predicted RFP …


Reply To Nielsen Et Al.: Social Mindfulness Associated With Countries' Environmental Performance And Individual Environmental Concern, N. J. Van Doesum, R. O. Murphy, M. Gallucci, Norman P. Li, U. Athenstaedt, W. T. Au, L. Bai, R. Böhm, I. Bovina, N. R. Buchan, X. P. Chen, K. B. Dumont, J. B. Engelmann, K. Eriksson, H. Euh, S. Fiedler, J. Friesen, S. Gächter, C. Garcia, R. González Feb 2022

Reply To Nielsen Et Al.: Social Mindfulness Associated With Countries' Environmental Performance And Individual Environmental Concern, N. J. Van Doesum, R. O. Murphy, M. Gallucci, Norman P. Li, U. Athenstaedt, W. T. Au, L. Bai, R. Böhm, I. Bovina, N. R. Buchan, X. P. Chen, K. B. Dumont, J. B. Engelmann, K. Eriksson, H. Euh, S. Fiedler, J. Friesen, S. Gächter, C. Garcia, R. González

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Nielsen et al. (1) argues that Van Doesum et al (2) need to consider three points for their interpretation of a positive association between individual-level social mindfulness (SoMi) and environmental performance (EPI) at the country level (3).


Assessing The Psychosocial Dimensions Of Frailty Among Older Adults In Singapore: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Elliot Yeung Chong, Angela Hui-Shan Lim, Freda Cheng Yee Mah, Lyn Hui Wen Yeo, Shu Tian Ng, Huso Yi Feb 2022

Assessing The Psychosocial Dimensions Of Frailty Among Older Adults In Singapore: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Elliot Yeung Chong, Angela Hui-Shan Lim, Freda Cheng Yee Mah, Lyn Hui Wen Yeo, Shu Tian Ng, Huso Yi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Objective To examine how multiple dimensions of mental and social health, in addition to physical health, were associated with frailty among older adults. Design A door-to-door sampling household community-based survey. Setting Thirty-two public housing blocks within a residential town in Singapore's central region. Participants 497 residents aged 60 years or older from the public housing town. Outcome measures Physical frailty was assessed using the FRAIL Scale, which stands for fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses and loss of weight. Physical health was assessed by multimorbidity, physical activity and functional ability; mental illness was assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); and social …


Effects Of Economic Uncertainty And Socioeconomic Status On Reproductive Timing: A Life History Approach, Kenneth Tan, Norman P. Li, Andrea. M. Meltzer, Joel L. J. Chin, Kai Lin Lynn Tan, Amy J. Lim, Steven. L Neuberg, Mark Van Vugt Feb 2022

Effects Of Economic Uncertainty And Socioeconomic Status On Reproductive Timing: A Life History Approach, Kenneth Tan, Norman P. Li, Andrea. M. Meltzer, Joel L. J. Chin, Kai Lin Lynn Tan, Amy J. Lim, Steven. L Neuberg, Mark Van Vugt

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Why do some people have children earlier compared to others who delay reproduction? Drawing from an evolutionary, life history theory perspective, we posited that reproductive timing could be influenced by economic uncertainty and childhood socioeconomic status (SES). For individuals lower in childhood SES, economic uncertainty influenced the desire to reproduce earlier compared to individuals higher in childhood SES. Furthermore, the decision regarding reproductive timing was influenced by tradeoffs between earlier reproduction or furthering one's education or career. Overall, economic uncertainty appears to shift individuals into different life history strategies as a function of childhood SES, suggesting how ecological factors and …


Subjective Social Class And Life Satisfaction: Role Of Class Consistency And Identity Uncertainty, Bek Wuay Tang, Jacinth Jia Xin Tan Jan 2022

Subjective Social Class And Life Satisfaction: Role Of Class Consistency And Identity Uncertainty, Bek Wuay Tang, Jacinth Jia Xin Tan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Drawing on a recent perspective that inconsistent class identities can negatively impact psychological outcomes, the current research explored if the relative benefit of higher subjective social class for life satisfaction would differ depending on whether it is consistent with one’s objective social class. In Study 1, across two independent samples from Singapore (n = 1,045) and the United States (n = 492), higher subjective social class predicted higher life satisfaction more strongly among those high in objective social class, but less strongly among those low in objective social class. In Study 2, these patterns were replicated in another large U.S. …


Reply To Komatsu Et Al.: From Local Social Mindfulness To Global Sustainability Efforts?, N. J. Van Doesum, R. O. Murphy, M. Gallucci, E. Aharonov-Majar, U. Athenstaedt, W. T. Au, L. Bai, R. Böhm, I. Bovina, N. R. Buchan, X. P. Chen, K. B. Dumont, J. B. Engelmann, K. Eriksson, Li, Norman P., S. Fiedler, J. Friesen, S. Gächter, C. Garcia, R. González Jan 2022

Reply To Komatsu Et Al.: From Local Social Mindfulness To Global Sustainability Efforts?, N. J. Van Doesum, R. O. Murphy, M. Gallucci, E. Aharonov-Majar, U. Athenstaedt, W. T. Au, L. Bai, R. Böhm, I. Bovina, N. R. Buchan, X. P. Chen, K. B. Dumont, J. B. Engelmann, K. Eriksson, Li, Norman P., S. Fiedler, J. Friesen, S. Gächter, C. Garcia, R. González

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Komatsu et al. (1) argue that Van Doesum et al. (2) may have overlooked the role of GDP in reporting a positive association between social mindfulness (SoMi) and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) at country level. Although the relationship between EPI and SoMi is relatively weaker for countries with higher GDP, that does not imply that the overall observed relationship is a statistical artifact. Rather, it implies that GDP may be a moderator of the relationship between EPI and SoMi. The observed correlation is a valid result on average across countries, and the actual effect size would, at least to …


Old Minds, New Marketplaces: How Evolved Psychological Mechanisms Trigger Mismatched Food Preferences, Michal Folwarczny, Tobias Otterbring, Valdimar Sigurdsson, Lynn K. L. Tan, Norman P. Li Jan 2022

Old Minds, New Marketplaces: How Evolved Psychological Mechanisms Trigger Mismatched Food Preferences, Michal Folwarczny, Tobias Otterbring, Valdimar Sigurdsson, Lynn K. L. Tan, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Principally due to unhealthy food choices, almost half of adults worldwide are overweight or obese. Current food retail practices bear some responsibility for such public health issues. We argue that numerous attempts to promote healthy eating have been unsuccessful due to the failure to account for our outdated evolved food selection mechanisms. Building on the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis and contrasting ancestral versus present-day foraging environments, we discuss how marketing activities exploit evolutionarily old food preferences and elicit unhealthy food choices for profit maximization at the expense of public health in terms of food consumption. We conclude by explaining how to …


A Bubble Of Protection: Examining Dispositional Optimism As A Psychological Buffer Of The Deleterious Association Between Negative Work-Family Spillover And Psychological Health, Sean T. H. Lee, Bryan K. C. Choy, Jose C. Yong Jan 2022

A Bubble Of Protection: Examining Dispositional Optimism As A Psychological Buffer Of The Deleterious Association Between Negative Work-Family Spillover And Psychological Health, Sean T. H. Lee, Bryan K. C. Choy, Jose C. Yong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Demands and stressors from work increasingly encroach upon people’s family lives in modern settings, resulting in poorer familial relationships and impaired psychological health. The current study proposed and examined dispositional optimism as a potential psychological buffer of the deleterious impact of negative work-to-family spillover (WFS) on psychological health. Based on a sample of employed midlife adults in the United States (N = 1,252) drawn from a large and nationally representative dataset, MIDUS 3, we found that dispositional optimism significantly moderated the relationship between negative WFS and subjective well-being, even after controlling for a variety of potential confounds. However, this moderation …


Politicians Polarize And Experts Depolarize Public Support For Covid-19 Management Policies Across Countries, A. Flores, J.C. Cole, S. Dickert, Kimin Eom, G.M. Jiga-Boy, T. Kogut, R. Loria, M. Mayorga, E.J. Pedersen, B. Pereira, E. Rubaltelli, D.K. Sherman, P. Slovic, D. Vastfjall, L. Van Boven Jan 2022

Politicians Polarize And Experts Depolarize Public Support For Covid-19 Management Policies Across Countries, A. Flores, J.C. Cole, S. Dickert, Kimin Eom, G.M. Jiga-Boy, T. Kogut, R. Loria, M. Mayorga, E.J. Pedersen, B. Pereira, E. Rubaltelli, D.K. Sherman, P. Slovic, D. Vastfjall, L. Van Boven

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Political polarization impeded public support for policies to reduce the spread of COVID-19, much as polarization hinders responses to other contemporary challenges. Unlike previous theory and research that focused on the United States, the present research examined the effects of political elite cues and affective polarization on support for policies to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in seven countries (n = 12,955): Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Across countries, cues from political elites polarized public attitudes toward COVID-19 policies. Liberal and conservative respondents supported policies proposed by ingroup politicians and parties more than …