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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Action And Motivation: Measuring Perception Or Strategies?, Frank H. Durgin, Dinah Rachel Dewald , '13, Stephanie Maria Lechich , '14, Z. Li, Zachary Francis Ontiveros , '11
Action And Motivation: Measuring Perception Or Strategies?, Frank H. Durgin, Dinah Rachel Dewald , '13, Stephanie Maria Lechich , '14, Z. Li, Zachary Francis Ontiveros , '11
Psychology Faculty Works
It has been suggested that when judging the distance to a desirable object, motivated distortions of perceived distance occur, and that these distortions can be measured by actions, such as throwing a beanbag. The results of two new experiments suggest that reported variations in beanbag performance may instead depend on instructional effects, such as ones that emphasize proximity rather than accuracy. When the goal was to be closest to the target, underthrowing was observed, whether the target was intrinsically valuable or not. When the goal was to hit the target, however, throwing performance was unbiased.
The Underestimation Of Egocentric Distance: Evidence From Frontal Matching Tasks, Z. Li, J. Phillips, Frank H. Durgin
The Underestimation Of Egocentric Distance: Evidence From Frontal Matching Tasks, Z. Li, J. Phillips, Frank H. Durgin
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There is controversy over the existence, nature, and cause of error in egocentric distance judgments. One proposal is that the systematic biases often found in explicit judgments of egocentric distance along the ground may be related to recently observed biases in the perceived declination of gaze (Durgin & Li, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, in press), To measure perceived egocentric distance nonverbally, observers in a field were asked to position themselves so that their distance from one of two experimenters was equal to the frontal distance between the experimenters. Observers placed themselves too far away, consistent with egocentric distance underestimation. A …
Perceptual Scale Expansion: An Efficient Angular Coding Strategy For Locomotor Space, Frank H. Durgin, Z. Li
Perceptual Scale Expansion: An Efficient Angular Coding Strategy For Locomotor Space, Frank H. Durgin, Z. Li
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Whereas most sensory information is coded on a logarithmic scale, linear expansion of a limited range may provide a more efficient coding for the angular variables important to precise motor control. In four experiments, we show that the perceived declination of gaze, like the perceived orientation of surfaces, is coded on a distorted scale. The distortion seems to arise from a nearly linear expansion of the angular range close to horizontal/straight ahead and is evident in explicit verbal and nonverbal measures (Experiments 1 and 2), as well as in implicit measures of perceived gaze direction (Experiment 4). The theory is …
The Perception Of 2d Orientation Is Categorically Biased, Frank H. Durgin, Z. Li
The Perception Of 2d Orientation Is Categorically Biased, Frank H. Durgin, Z. Li
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Three experimental paradigms were used to investigate the perception of orientation relative to internal categorical standards of vertical and horizontal. In Experiment 1, magnitude estimation of orientation (in degrees) relative to vertical and horizontal replicated a previously reported spatial orientation bias also measured using verbal report: Orientations appear farther from horizontal than they are, whether numeric judgments are made relative to vertical or to horizontal. Analyses of verbal response patterns, however, suggested that verbal reports underestimate the true spatial bias. A non-verbal orientation bisection task (Experiment 2) confirmed that spatial errors are not due to numeric coding and are larger …
The Perceptual Experience Of Slope By Foot And By Finger, A. Hajnal, Daniel Tarek Abdul-Malak , '09, Frank H. Durgin
The Perceptual Experience Of Slope By Foot And By Finger, A. Hajnal, Daniel Tarek Abdul-Malak , '09, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
Historically, the bodily senses have often been regarded as impeccable sources of spatial information and as being the teacher of vision. Here, the authors report that the haptic perception of slope by means of the foot is greatly exaggerated. The exaggeration is present in verbal as well as proprioceptive judgments. It is shown that this misperception of pedal slope is not caused by calibration to the well-established visual misperception of slope because it is present in congenitally blind individuals as well. The pedal misperception of slope is contrasted with the perception of slope by dynamic touch with a finger in …
Metaphor Aptness And Conventionality: A Processing Fluency Account, Paul Henry Thibodeau , '06, Frank H. Durgin
Metaphor Aptness And Conventionality: A Processing Fluency Account, Paul Henry Thibodeau , '06, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
Conventionality and aptness are two dimensions of metaphorical sentences thought to play an important role in determining how quick and easy it is to process a metaphor. Conventionality reflects the familiarity of a metaphor whereas aptness reflects the degree to which a metaphor vehicle captures important features of a metaphor topic. In recent years it has become clear that operationalizing these two constructs is not as simple as asking naïve raters for subjective judgments. It has been found that ratings of aptness and conventionality are highly correlated, which has led some researchers to pursue alternative methods for measuring the constructs. …
Stress-Dependent Impairment Of Passive-Avoidance Memory By Propranolol Or Naloxone, Allen M. Schneider, Peter E. Simson , '78, Ranga Keshani Atapattu , '08, Lynn G. Kirby , '89
Stress-Dependent Impairment Of Passive-Avoidance Memory By Propranolol Or Naloxone, Allen M. Schneider, Peter E. Simson , '78, Ranga Keshani Atapattu , '08, Lynn G. Kirby , '89
Psychology Faculty Works
Previous work has shown that the effect of opioid-receptor blockade on memory modulation is critically dependent upon the intensity of stress. The current study determined the effect of adrenergic-receptor blockade on memory modulation under varied levels of stress and then compared the effect of adrenergic-receptor blockade under intense stress to that of a) opioid-receptor blockade and b) concurrent opioid- and adrenergic-receptor blockade. In the first experiment, the β-adrenergic-receptor blocker propranolol impaired retention in the passive-avoidance procedure when administered immediately after exposure to intense stress (passive-avoidance training followed by swim stress) but not mild stress (passive-avoidance training alone). In the second …
Design, Data, And Theory Regarding A Digital Hand Inclinometer: A Portable Device For Studying Slant Perception, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Design, Data, And Theory Regarding A Digital Hand Inclinometer: A Portable Device For Studying Slant Perception, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
Palm boards are often used as a nonverbal measure in human slant perception studies. It was recently found that palm boards are biased and relatively insensitive measures, and that an unrestricted hand gesture provides a more sensitive response (Durgin, Hajnal, Li, Tonge, & Stigliani, Acta Psychologica, 134, 182-197, 2010a). In this article, we describe an original design for a portable lightweight digital device for measuring hand orientation. This device is microcontroller-based and uses a micro inclinometer chip as its inclination sensor. The parts are fairly inexpensive. This device, used to measure hand orientation, provides a sensitive nonverbal method for studying …
Adaptation To Conflicting Visual And Physical Heading Directions During Walking, J. A. Saunders, Frank H. Durgin
Adaptation To Conflicting Visual And Physical Heading Directions During Walking, J. A. Saunders, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
We investigated the role of global optic flow for visual–motor adaptation of walking direction. In an immersive virtual environment, observers walked to a circular target lying on either a homogeneous ground plane (target-motion condition) or a textured ground plane (ground-flow condition). During adaptation trials, we changed the mapping from physical to visual space to create a conflict between physical and visual heading directions. On these trials, the visual heading specified by optic flow deviated from an observer's physical heading by ±10°. This conflict was not noticed by observers but caused them to walk along curved paths to the target. Over …
Relational Being In Question: A Reply To My Colleagues, Kenneth J. Gergen
Relational Being In Question: A Reply To My Colleagues, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
I thank my colleagues for their generosity and their engaging reactions to my book. It is interesting, as well, to see the variations in the readings they give to the text. Churchill's initial view that I am not offering ontology is useful, as it speaks to a pervasive concern within the other commentaries that I am dismissing or dismantling cherished concepts of agency, experience, responsibility, and, indeed, physical reality. I underscore that the conception of relational being-just as these concepts-is a social construction. I do not wish to debate ontology but, rather, to explore how such constructions function, for good …
The Social Construction Of Self, Kenneth J. Gergen
The Social Construction Of Self, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
This article evaluates the view that the self is social constructed. It explains that a social constructionist approach to the self is critical insofar as it targets many of the traditional conceptions of self under discussion in this volume. It analyses the primary use of the term self in psychological and mental discourse, suggesting many ways in which the sources of knowledge about the realm of the mental are open to question. It cites the work of Michel Foucault and others who develop a sustained critique of what may be the dark side of the construction of the self as …
The Effect Of Speaker-Specific Information On Pragmatic Inferences, Daniel J. Grodner, J. Sedivy
The Effect Of Speaker-Specific Information On Pragmatic Inferences, Daniel J. Grodner, J. Sedivy
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Disordered Eating Patterns And Alcohol Misuse In College Students: Evidence For “Drunkorexia”?, V. Osborne, K.J. Sher, Rachel Winograd
Disordered Eating Patterns And Alcohol Misuse In College Students: Evidence For “Drunkorexia”?, V. Osborne, K.J. Sher, Rachel Winograd
Psychology Faculty Works
IntroductionRisky drinking and disordered eating patterns, including eating disorders, are common among college students; approximately 30% of female students have reported restricting calories to “save them” for drinking. Restricting food or calories along with heavy alcohol consumption is a recipe for disaster, increasing the risk of health and behavioral consequences. Research is lacking on the motivations regarding these alcohol-related eating patterns, termed drunkorexia in recent popular media stories.MethodsThe analysis examines data from a health survey given to college students in a Psychology 1000 class at a large Midwestern university. Students completed an online survey including questions regarding calorie restriction as …
Preventing Girls’ Depression During The Transition To Adolescence, Jane Gillham, T. M. Chaplin
Preventing Girls’ Depression During The Transition To Adolescence, Jane Gillham, T. M. Chaplin
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.