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Articles 1 - 30 of 72
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Surprise Exam Paradox: Disentangling Two Reductios, John N. Williams
The Surprise Exam Paradox: Disentangling Two Reductios, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
One tradition of solving the surprise exam paradox, started by Robert Binkley and continued by Doris Olin, Roy Sorensen and Jelle Gerbrandy, construes surprise epistemically and relies upon the oddity of propositions akin to G. E. Moore's paradoxical 'p and I don't believe that p.' Here I argue for an analysis that evolves from Olin's. My analysis is different from hers or indeed any of those in the tradition because it explicitly recognizes that there are two distinct reductios at work in the student's paradoxical argument against the teacher. The weak reductio is easy to fault. Its invalidity determines the …
Justifying Circumstances And Moore-Paradoxical Beliefs: A Response To Brueckner, John N. Williams
Justifying Circumstances And Moore-Paradoxical Beliefs: A Response To Brueckner, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
In 2004, I explained the absurdity of Moore-paradoxical belief via the syllogism (Williams 2004): (1) All circumstances that justify me in believing that p are circumstances that tend to make me believe that p. (2) All circumstances that tend to make me believe that p are circumstances that justify me in believing that I believe that p. (3) All circumstances that justify me in believing that p are circumstances that justify me in believing that I believe that p.
Moorean Absurdity And Conscious Belief, John N. Williams
Moorean Absurdity And Conscious Belief, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
Moorean Absurdities And Higher Order Beliefs, John N. Williams
Moorean Absurdities And Higher Order Beliefs, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
Externalism And Knowledge Of Comparative Content, Yoo Guan Tan
Externalism And Knowledge Of Comparative Content, Yoo Guan Tan
John N. WILLIAMS
Concepts are the constituents of thoughts, which in turn, are the contents of propositional attitudes. They are also what the predicates of our language express. According to a tradition going back to Plato, questions about comparative content – questions of the form Is concept F the same as concept G? – are purely about relations of ideas, and so are answerable a priori. This does not mean that no experience at all is necessary to answer such questions, for experience may be needed to grasp their content. Call a piece of information about Fs extraneous if it is not required …
Moore's Paradoxes And Iterated Belief, John N. Williams
Moore's Paradoxes And Iterated Belief, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
I give an account of the absurdity of Moorean beliefs of the omissive form (om) p and I don’t believe that p, and the commissive form (com) p and I believe that not-p, from which I extract a definition of Moorean absurdity. I then argue for an account of the absurdity of Moorean assertion. After neutralizing two objections to my whole account, I show that Roy Sorensen’s own account of the absurdity of his ‘iterated cases’ (om1) p and I don’t believe that I believe that p, and (com1) p and I believe that I believe that not-p, is unsatisfactory. …
Wittgenstein, Moorean Absurdity And Its Disappearance From Speech, John N. Williams
Wittgenstein, Moorean Absurdity And Its Disappearance From Speech, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
G. E. Moore famously observed that to say, "I went to the pictures last Tuesday but I don't believe that I did" would be "absurd." Why should it be absurd of me to say something about myself that might be true of me? Moore suggested an answer to this, but as I will show, one that fails. Wittgenstein was greatly impressed by Moore's discovery of a class of absurd but possibly true assertions because he saw that it illuminates "the logic of assertion". Wittgenstein suggests a promising relation of assertion to belief in terms of the idea that one "expresses …
Moorean Absurdity And Expressing Belief, John N. Williams
Moorean Absurdity And Expressing Belief, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
Wittgenstein, Moorean Absurdity And Its Disappearance From Speech, John N. Williams
Wittgenstein, Moorean Absurdity And Its Disappearance From Speech, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
G. E. Moore famously observed that to say, I went to the pictures last Tuesday but I don't believe that I did would be absurd. Why should it be absurd of me to say something about myself that might be true of me? Moore suggested an answer to this, but as I will show, one that fails. Wittgenstein was greatly impressed by Moore's discovery of a class of absurd but possibly true assertions because he saw that it illuminates the logic of assertion. Wittgenstein suggests a promising relation of assertion to belief in terms of the idea that one expresses …
Superman, Wittgenstein And The Disappearance Of Moorean Absurdity, John N. Williams
Superman, Wittgenstein And The Disappearance Of Moorean Absurdity, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
'You have known me for years, Lois' explains Superman, as I lay aside my copy of Crimmins’s example (1992). 'But there is something you have not yet discovered. You also know me under a disguise. You have not yet realized that this person is I in disguise. On that way of thinking about me, you have different opinions of me. In fact you think me an idiot.' I've just informed Superman that I accept his testimony on the strength of his intelligence. But I confess I don’t quite know how to acknowledge my acceptance of his final remark.
The Ethics Of Placebo-Controlled Trials In Developing Countries To Prevent Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv, John N. Williams
The Ethics Of Placebo-Controlled Trials In Developing Countries To Prevent Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
Placebo-trials on HIV-infected pregnant women in developing countries like Thailand and Uganda have provoked recent controversy. Such experiments aim to find a treatment that will cut the rate of vertical transmission more efficiently than existing treatments like zidovudine. This scenario is first stated as generally as possible, before three ethical principles found in the Belmont Report, itself a sharpening of the Helsinki Declaration, are stated. These three principles are the Principle of Utility, the Principle of Autonomy and the Principle of Justice. These are taken as voices of moral imperative. But although each has intuitive appeal, it can be shown …
Orwell And Huxley: Making Dissent Unthinkable, John N. Williams
Orwell And Huxley: Making Dissent Unthinkable, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
In this paper I compare the fictional world depicted by Orwell’s 1984 with that of Huxley’s Brave New World from the point of view of an analytic philosopher. Neither novel should be read as predictions, the accuracy of which can be used to judge them. Rather, both attempt to portray what humanity could conceivably become. The authenticity of this conceivability is a necessary condition of the power of both works to raise central philosophical questions about the human condition. What is ethically wrong with control? How far can Man go in recreating himself? In what sense are these worlds anti-utopian? …
Moore’S Paradox, Defective Interpretation, Justified Belief And Conscious Belief: A Reply To Vahid, John N. Williams
Moore’S Paradox, Defective Interpretation, Justified Belief And Conscious Belief: A Reply To Vahid, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
Moorean Absurdity, Knowledge And Iterated Belief, John N. Williams
Moorean Absurdity, Knowledge And Iterated Belief, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
The Completeness Of The Pragmatic Solution To Moore’ Paradox: A Reply To Chan, John N. Williams
The Completeness Of The Pragmatic Solution To Moore’ Paradox: A Reply To Chan, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
A Simple Solution To The Surprise Exam Paradoxes, John N. Williams
A Simple Solution To The Surprise Exam Paradoxes, John N. Williams
John N. WILLIAMS
No abstract provided.
The Disutility Of Injustice, Paul H. Robinson, Geoffrey P. Goodwin, Michael Reisig
The Disutility Of Injustice, Paul H. Robinson, Geoffrey P. Goodwin, Michael Reisig
All Faculty Scholarship
For more than half a century, the retributivists and the crime-control instrumentalists have seen themselves as being in an irresolvable conflict. Social science increasingly suggests, however, that this need not be so. Doing justice may be the most effective means of controlling crime. Perhaps partially in recognition of these developments, the American Law Institute's recent amendment to the Model Penal Code's "purposes" provision – the only amendment to the Model Code in the 47 years since its promulgation – adopts desert as the primary distributive principle for criminal liability and punishment. That shift to desert has prompted concerns by two …
The Yemen Narrative: Cargo Cults And Cargo Security, Ibpp Editor
The Yemen Narrative: Cargo Cults And Cargo Security, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
The author gives a psychological perspective on the security of aviation cargo shipments.
Spiritually Integrative Archetypal Energies And Glimpes Into Soul Consciousness, Carroy U. Ferguson
Spiritually Integrative Archetypal Energies And Glimpes Into Soul Consciousness, Carroy U. Ferguson
Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.
In other writings I have described Archetypal Energies as Higher Vibrational Energies that have their own transcendent value, purpose, quality, and “voice” unique to the individual that operate deep within our psyches, at both individual and collective levels. We tend to experience them as “creative urges” to move us toward our Highest Good or Optimal Realities. I use easily recognized terms to evoke a common sense of these Archetypal Energies (e.g., Love, Acceptance, Inclusion, Harmony, Peace). Here, I want to discuss Spiritually Integrative Archetypal Energies and how they can assist us in gaining glimpses into the nature of our unique …
Memory And True Lies, Ibpp Editor
Memory And True Lies, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article discusses the concept of memory, its relation to culture, and three hypothetical phenomena associated with it.
Giving Foot The Boot: Right Or Wrong?, Ibpp Editor
Giving Foot The Boot: Right Or Wrong?, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
The article examines philosopher Philippa Foot’s famous conundrum – The Trolley Problem.
Wilderness Beauty: A Means To Resolve Volitional Doubt, Brian T. Scalise
Wilderness Beauty: A Means To Resolve Volitional Doubt, Brian T. Scalise
Eleutheria: John W. Rawlings School of Divinity Academic Journal
Doubt is often part of Christian spiritual life. Matured doubt will influence the will (the volition) so as to keep the Christian doubter from acting like a Christian or even desiring the Christian life. This essay seeks to construct a theory designed to engage and help resolve volitional doubt by use of wilderness beauty. This theory incorporates three areas of study—Land and Leisure Management, Abraham Maslow’s metamotivation theory, and Jonathan Edwards' aesthetic theology—to demonstrate the uniqueness and usefulness of wilderness beauty for resolving volitional doubt. Subsequent to the construction of the theory, practical suggestions for its application are given.
Venus In Furs: Why False Confessions Are True, Ibpp Editor
Venus In Furs: Why False Confessions Are True, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
The author discusses the nature of truth and false confessions in the context of confession and interrogation.
The Strange Fruit Of 9/11, Ibpp Editor
The Strange Fruit Of 9/11, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
The author discusses the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks and the larger psychological narrative and context of the attacks. Stoicism is considered as a viable response.
Dirty Laundry: A Philosophical Primer For Politicians On Scandal, Ibpp Editor
Dirty Laundry: A Philosophical Primer For Politicians On Scandal, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article discusses the management of post-sex scandals by politicians from a variety of theoretical and/or philosophical perspectives.
Psychospiritual Development Of Female Adoptees Raised Within A Closed Adoption System: A Theoretical Model Within A Feminist And Jungian Perspective, April E. Topfer
Psychospiritual Development Of Female Adoptees Raised Within A Closed Adoption System: A Theoretical Model Within A Feminist And Jungian Perspective, April E. Topfer
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
This article proposes a transpersonal theoretical model suggesting that the embodiment of
the voice of the feminine is a significant catalyst for awakening the psychological and spiritual
growth and development of female adoptees. Existing Jungian and feminist theoretical
models regarding the psychological and spiritual implications for a female adoptee raised
within a closed adoption system will be discussed. The author will share her adopted voice
about her spiritual and psychological process toward finding wholeness using a hermeneutical
process of inquiry. The voices of birth mothers who relinquished their children will also be
included. Voice is then explored to be an …
Editorial Introduction To Special Topic Section: Transpersonal Feminism, Christine Brooks, Courtenay Crouch
Editorial Introduction To Special Topic Section: Transpersonal Feminism, Christine Brooks, Courtenay Crouch
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
NA
Unidentified Allies: Intersections Of Feminist And Transpersonal Thought And Potential Contributions To Social Change, Christine Brooks
Unidentified Allies: Intersections Of Feminist And Transpersonal Thought And Potential Contributions To Social Change, Christine Brooks
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
Contemporary Western feminism and transpersonalism are kaleidoscopic, consisting of
interlocking influences, yet the fields have developed in parallel rather than in tandem.
Both schools of praxis developed during the climate of activism and social experimentation
of the 1960s in the United States, and both share a non-pathological view of the human
experience. This discussion suggests loci of synthesized theoretical constructs between the
two disciplines as well as distinct concepts and practices in both disciplines that may serve
the other. Ways in which a feminist-transpersonal perspective may catalyze social change on
personal, regional, and global levels are proposed.
A Chakra System Model Of Lifespan Development, Candis K. Best
A Chakra System Model Of Lifespan Development, Candis K. Best
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
This article presents a model of lifespan development based upon the tantric chakra system.
It begins with a survey of the evolution of transpersonal psychology and its alignment with
eastern philosophies as previously espoused by William James, Carl Jung and others. The
chakras are defined in relation to their potential influence on psychological functioning with
a focus on development beyond the level of ego stability and functioning. Building upon
prior work integrating the chakra system with developmental processes, this article presents
an interpretation of the chakras as a model that defines a pathway for growth-oriented
development.
A Transpersonal Feminist Approach To Family Systems, Irene S. Lazarus
A Transpersonal Feminist Approach To Family Systems, Irene S. Lazarus
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
This paper presents a preliminary description of A Transpersonal Feminist Approach to Family
Systems (ATFAFS) as taught at the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology (ITP) between 1995
and 2002. In this approach, students studied the principles of Murray Bowen’s family systems
theory with attention to feminist revisions of the theory while simultaneously investigating
their own multigenerational family histories. Additionally, students kept a journal, recorded
and worked with their dreams, and worked with a chosen creative expressive modality. They
may also have worked with other transpersonal modalities. Student narratives, informed by
organic inquiry, illustrate aspects of the approach. The paper concludes with …