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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Promoting The Growing Field Of Dynamic Decision Making, Andreas Fischer, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Promoting The Growing Field Of Dynamic Decision Making, Andreas Fischer, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
A new journal is starting with this page, and we – the editors – hope that this launch will be a successful one! Before we start with the normal course of the editorial business, let us explain why we made the decision to start a new journal. Most decisions in our everyday lives are part of dynamic decision making processes. They usually are not isolated acts but take place in a context, with a history of events leading up to the decision and a future unfolding after the decision has been taken shaping our options for later decisions. Additionally our …
Analysis Of Minimal Complex Systems And Complex Problem Solving Require Different Forms Of Causal Cognition, Joachim Funke
Analysis Of Minimal Complex Systems And Complex Problem Solving Require Different Forms Of Causal Cognition, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
In the last 20 years, a stream of research emerged under the label of „complex problem solving“ (CPS). This research was intended to describe the way people deal with complex, dynamic, and intransparent situations. Complex computer-simulated scenarios were as stimulus material in psychological experiments. This line of research lead to subtle insights into the way how people deal with complexity and uncertainty. Besides these knowledge-rich, realistic, intransparent, complex, dynamic scenarios with many variables, a second line of research used more simple, knowledge-lean scenarios with a low number of variables („minimal complex systems“, MCS) that have been proposed recently in problem-solving …
Problem Solving: What Are The Important Questions?, Joachim Funke
Problem Solving: What Are The Important Questions?, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Problem solving research is in need for re-thinking main questions. The purpose of this paper is a stock-taking of some of the identified problems, to discuss potential remedies for them, and to look for future perspectives. I see three areas for discussion: (1) What are the phenomena to be explained? (2) What methods should be used? What methodology is appropriate to the subject? (3) What is the progress in theory since the legendary work from Newell and Simon (1972)? What can we expect from new data sources? How can we relate data to theoretical assumptions?
Perspectives On Problem Solving In Educational Assessment: Analytical, Interactive, And Collaborative Problem Solving, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Perspectives On Problem Solving In Educational Assessment: Analytical, Interactive, And Collaborative Problem Solving, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Problem solving has received broad public interest as an important competency in modern societies. In educational large-scale assessments paper-pencil based analytical problem solving was included first (e.g., Programme for International Student Assessment, PISA 2003). With growing interest in more complex situations, the focus has shifted to interactive problem solving (e.g., PISA 2012) requiring identification and control of complex systems. In the future, collaborative problem solving represents the next step in assessing problem solving ability (e.g., PISA 2015). This paper describes these different approaches to assessing problem solving ability in large-scale assessments considering theoretical questions as well as assessment issues. For …
Complex Problem Solving, Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex problem solving takes place for reducing the barrier between a given start state and an intended goal state with the help of cognitive activities and behavior. Start state, intended goal state, and barriers prove complexity, change dynamically over time, and can be partially intransparent. In contrast to solving simple problems, with complex problems at the beginning of a problem solution the exact features of the start state, of the intended goal state, and of the barriers are unknown. Complex problem solving expects the efficient interaction between the problem-solving person and situational conditions that depend on the task. It demands …
The Challenge Of Complexity For Cognitive Systems, Ute Schmid, Marco Ragni, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Joachim Funke
The Challenge Of Complexity For Cognitive Systems, Ute Schmid, Marco Ragni, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex cognition adresses research on (a) high-level cognitive processes – mainly problem solving, reasoning, and decision making – and their interaction with more basic processes such as perception, learning, motivation and emotion and (b) cognitive processes which take place in a complex, typically dynamic, environment. Our focus is on AI systems and cognitive models dealing with complexity and on psychological findings which can inspire or challenge cognitive systems research. In this overview we first motivate why we have to go beyond models for rather simple cognitive processes and reductionist experiments. Afterwards, we give a characterization of complexity from our perspective. …
Complex Problem Solving: A Case For Complex Cognition?, Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving: A Case For Complex Cognition?, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex problem solving (CPS) emerged in the last 30 years in Europe as a new part of the psychology of thinking and problem solving. This paper introduces into the field and provides a personal view. Also, related concepts like macrocognition or operative intelligence will be explained in this context. Two examples for the assessment of CPS, Tailorshop and MicroDYN, are presented to illustrate the concept by means of their measurement devices. Also, the relation of complex cognition and emotion in the CPS context is discussed. The question if CPS requires complex cognition is answered with a tentative “yes.”
Dynamic Systems As Tools For Analysing Human Judgement, Joachim Funke
Dynamic Systems As Tools For Analysing Human Judgement, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
With the advent of computers in the experimental labs, dynamic systems have become a new tool for research on problem solving and decision making. A short review on this research is given and the main features of these systems (connectivity and dynamics) are illustrated. To allow systematic approaches to the influential variables in this area, two formal frameworks (linear structural equations and finite state automata) are presented. Besides the formal background, it is shown how the task demands of system identification and system control can be realized in these environments and how psychometrically acceptable dependent variables can be derived.
Microworlds Based On Linear Equation Systems: A New Approach To Complex Problem Solving And Experimental Results, Joachim Funke
Microworlds Based On Linear Equation Systems: A New Approach To Complex Problem Solving And Experimental Results, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
The method of computer-simulated scenarios has recently been introduced to study how people solve complex problems. This paper describes a special approach to constructing such microworlds by means of linear structural equation systems. Subjects' task in the experimental situation is to first identify in a knowledge acquisition phase the causal structure of an hitherto unknown system. In a later knowledge application phase they have to control this system with respect to a given goal state. Knowledge that was acquired on the task is assessed both by means of causal diagrams - a method developed within this project and proven to …