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- Keyword
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- Complex problem solving (23)
- Dynamic decision making (13)
- Problem Solving: Assessment (9)
- Problem Solving: Conceptual Issues (9)
- Problem Solving: Literature Reviews (5)
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- Problem Solving: Applications (4)
- Tailorshop (4)
- Linear structural equations (3)
- MicroDYN (3)
- Planning and Decision Making (3)
- TAILORSHOP (3)
- Climate engineering (2)
- Creativity (2)
- Emotion (2)
- Finite state automata (2)
- Optimization (2)
- Plan-A-Day (2)
- Planning ability (2)
- Problem Solving: Emotions (2)
- Problem solving (2)
- Theory of Mind (2)
- Action understanding (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Cross-cultural studies (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Dynamic Decision Making (1)
- Executive functions (1)
- FSYS (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Promoting The Growing Field Of Dynamic Decision Making, Andreas Fischer, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Promoting The Growing Field Of Dynamic Decision Making, Andreas Fischer, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
A new journal is starting with this page, and we – the editors – hope that this launch will be a successful one! Before we start with the normal course of the editorial business, let us explain why we made the decision to start a new journal. Most decisions in our everyday lives are part of dynamic decision making processes. They usually are not isolated acts but take place in a context, with a history of events leading up to the decision and a future unfolding after the decision has been taken shaping our options for later decisions. Additionally our …
Laypeople's Risky Decisions In The Climate Change Context: Climate Engineering As A Risk-Defusing Strategy?, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke
Laypeople's Risky Decisions In The Climate Change Context: Climate Engineering As A Risk-Defusing Strategy?, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
This study explores the development of laypeople’s preferences for newly emerg- ing climate engineering technology (CE). It examines whether laypeople perceive CE to be an acceptable back-up strategy (plan B) if current efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions were to fail. This idea is a common justification for CE research in the scientific debate andmay significantly influence future public debates. Ninety-eight German participants chose their preferred climate policy strategy in a quasi-realistic scenario. Participants could chose between mitigation and three CE techniques as alternative options.We employed a think-aloud interview technique, which allowed us to trace participants’ informational needs and thought processes. …
Does Visualization Enhance Complex Problem Solving? The Effect Of Causal Mapping On Performance In The Computer-Based Microworld Tailorshop, Michael Öllinger, Stephanie Hammon, Michael Von Grundherr, Joachim Funke
Does Visualization Enhance Complex Problem Solving? The Effect Of Causal Mapping On Performance In The Computer-Based Microworld Tailorshop, Michael Öllinger, Stephanie Hammon, Michael Von Grundherr, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Causal mapping is often recognized as a technique to support strategic decisions and actions in complex problem situations. Such drawing of causal structures is supposed to particularly foster the understanding of the interaction of the various system elements and to further encourage holistic thinking. It builds on the idea that humans make use of mental maps to represent their environment and to make predictions about it. However, a profound theoretical underpinning and empirical research of the effects of causal mapping on problem solving is missing. This study compares a causal mapping approach with more common problem solving techniques utilizing the …
Mirror Neuron Activity Is No Proof For Action Understanding, Alina Steinhorst, Joachim Funke
Mirror Neuron Activity Is No Proof For Action Understanding, Alina Steinhorst, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
We focus on the thesis that action understanding is a function of the mirror neuron system. According to our opinion, understanding is a process that runs through hermeneutic circles from the “Vorverständnis” (“previous understanding”) to steps of deeper understanding. Our critique relates to the narrow neuroscientific definition of action understanding as the capacity to recognize several movements as belonging to one action. After a reconstruction of the model's developments, we will challenge the claims of the model by Rizzolatti and Sinigaglia (2010). By analyzing the relation between the experimental results and its interpretation, we will conclude that there is no …
Analysis Of Minimal Complex Systems And Complex Problem Solving Require Different Forms Of Causal Cognition, Joachim Funke
Analysis Of Minimal Complex Systems And Complex Problem Solving Require Different Forms Of Causal Cognition, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
In the last 20 years, a stream of research emerged under the label of „complex problem solving“ (CPS). This research was intended to describe the way people deal with complex, dynamic, and intransparent situations. Complex computer-simulated scenarios were as stimulus material in psychological experiments. This line of research lead to subtle insights into the way how people deal with complexity and uncertainty. Besides these knowledge-rich, realistic, intransparent, complex, dynamic scenarios with many variables, a second line of research used more simple, knowledge-lean scenarios with a low number of variables („minimal complex systems“, MCS) that have been proposed recently in problem-solving …
Problem Solving: What Are The Important Questions?, Joachim Funke
Problem Solving: What Are The Important Questions?, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Problem solving research is in need for re-thinking main questions. The purpose of this paper is a stock-taking of some of the identified problems, to discuss potential remedies for them, and to look for future perspectives. I see three areas for discussion: (1) What are the phenomena to be explained? (2) What methods should be used? What methodology is appropriate to the subject? (3) What is the progress in theory since the legendary work from Newell and Simon (1972)? What can we expect from new data sources? How can we relate data to theoretical assumptions?
Comprehension Of Climate Change And Environmental Attitudes Across The Lifespan, Christina Degen, Sara E. Kettner, Helen Fischer, Johannes Lohse, Joachim Funke, Christiane Schwieren, Timo Goeschl, Johannes Schröder
Comprehension Of Climate Change And Environmental Attitudes Across The Lifespan, Christina Degen, Sara E. Kettner, Helen Fischer, Johannes Lohse, Joachim Funke, Christiane Schwieren, Timo Goeschl, Johannes Schröder
Joachim Funke
Given the coincidence of the demographic change and climate change in the upcoming decades the aging voter gains increasing importance in climate change mitigation and adaptation processes. It is generally assumed that information status and comprehension of complex processes underlying climate change are prerequisites for adopting pro-environmental attitudes and taking pro-environmental actions. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated in how far (1) environmental knowledge and comprehension of feedback processes underlying climate change and (2) pro-environmental attitudes change as a function of age. Our sample consisted of 92 participants aged 25-75 years (mean age 49.4 years, SD 17.0). Age was negatively …
Dealing With The Uncertainties Of Climate Engineering: Warnings From A Psychological Complex Problem Solving Perspective, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke
Dealing With The Uncertainties Of Climate Engineering: Warnings From A Psychological Complex Problem Solving Perspective, Dorothee Amelung, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Decision-makers in the context of climate politics are confronted with considerable uncertainties due to the complexities inherent in the relevant natural and social systems. Nonetheless, pressure on decision-makers to find solutions to dangerous climate change is rising due to the inertia in the climate system. Considering these pressures, technological options (climate engineering) have been proposed to counteract the effects of climatic change. However, introducing options that bear their own scientific uncertainties means further adding to the complexity of the situation. By adopting the psychological perspective of complex problem solving research, we analyze one frequently neglected source of uncertainty with regard …
Planning Impairments In Schizophrenia: Specificity, Task Independence And Functional Relevance, Daniel V. Holt, Jürgen Wolf, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, Stefan Kaiser
Planning Impairments In Schizophrenia: Specificity, Task Independence And Functional Relevance, Daniel V. Holt, Jürgen Wolf, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, Stefan Kaiser
Joachim Funke
The present study investigated the specificity of planning impairments in schizophrenia compared to unipolar major depression. Multiple measures of planning ability were employed to assess the task independence of a planning deficit. Furthermore, the predictive power of planning ability with regard to functional outcome was analyzed. A total of 80 participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment with an emphasis on executive functions and planning ability. The sample consisted of 28 patients with schizophrenia, 28 patients with depression and 24 healthy controls. Both patient groups were impaired on measures of attention, working memory and planning, but only planning ability differentiated between …
Human Problem Solving In 2012, Joachim Funke
Human Problem Solving In 2012, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
This paper presents a bibliography of 263 references related to human problem solving, arranged by subject matter. The references were taken from PsycInfo and Academic Premier database. Journal papers, book chapters, and dissertations are included. The topics include human development, education, neuroscience, and research in applied settings. It is argued that researchers are more and more engaged with problem solving research because of its centrality in human actions and because society needs advice from science in understanding and solving complex problems.
Epilogue. Reflections On Personhood And The Theory Of Mind, Jürg Wassmann, Joachim Funke
Epilogue. Reflections On Personhood And The Theory Of Mind, Jürg Wassmann, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
What is a person? The anthropological perspective on personhood focuses on how different cultures conceptualise being human within a given society and all over the world. What actually defines a person? Does he/she have an inner life? What are the relationships with others like? How are these constituted in the perspective of the personal self? Is a person able to grasp feelings and thoughts of others, is the person I am facing therefore “transparent”? Or would this violate the person’s pri- vacy?
Scientific Computing For The Cognitive Sciences, Sebastian Sager, Katja Mombaur, Joachim Funke
Scientific Computing For The Cognitive Sciences, Sebastian Sager, Katja Mombaur, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
The methodology of Scientific Computing is widely regarded as the third pillar of science, complementary to experiment and theory. While it triggered countless breakthroughs and innovations in technology, engineering, and the natural sciences, a combination with cognitive sciences is yet a rather young field full of opportunities. This special issue is meant to stimulate interdisciplinary research in the Cognitive Sciences, based on state-of-the-art methods
Perspectives On Problem Solving In Educational Assessment: Analytical, Interactive, And Collaborative Problem Solving, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Perspectives On Problem Solving In Educational Assessment: Analytical, Interactive, And Collaborative Problem Solving, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Problem solving has received broad public interest as an important competency in modern societies. In educational large-scale assessments paper-pencil based analytical problem solving was included first (e.g., Programme for International Student Assessment, PISA 2003). With growing interest in more complex situations, the focus has shifted to interactive problem solving (e.g., PISA 2012) requiring identification and control of complex systems. In the future, collaborative problem solving represents the next step in assessing problem solving ability (e.g., PISA 2015). This paper describes these different approaches to assessing problem solving ability in large-scale assessments considering theoretical questions as well as assessment issues. For …
Computer-Based Assessment Of Complex Problem Solving: Concept, Implementation, And Application, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Sascha Wüstenberg, Frank Goldhammer, Joachim Funke
Computer-Based Assessment Of Complex Problem Solving: Concept, Implementation, And Application, Samuel Greiff, Daniel V. Holt, Sascha Wüstenberg, Frank Goldhammer, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving (CPS) skills are essential to successfully deal with environments that change dynamically and involve a large number of interconnected and partially unknown causal influences. The increasing importance of such skills in the 21st century requires appropriate assessment and intervention methods, which in turn rely on adequate item construction, delivery, and scoring. The lack of assessment tools, however, has slowed down research on and understanding of CPS. This paper first presents the MicroDYN framework for assessing CPS, which is based on linear structural equation systems with input and output variables and opaque relations among them. Second, a versatile …
A Decomposition Approach For A New Test-Scenario In Complex Problem Solving, Michael Engelhart, Joachim Funke, Sebastian Sager
A Decomposition Approach For A New Test-Scenario In Complex Problem Solving, Michael Engelhart, Joachim Funke, Sebastian Sager
Joachim Funke
Over the last years, psychological research has increasingly used computer-supported tests, especially in the analysis of complex human decision making and problem solving. The approach is to use computer-based test scenarios and to evaluate the performance of participants and correlate it to certain attributes, such as the participant's capacity to regulate emotions. However, two important questions can only be answered with the help of modern optimization methodology. The first one considers an analysis of the exact situations and decisions that led to a bad or good overall performance of test persons. The second important question concerns performance, as the choices …
Complex Problem Solving, Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex problem solving takes place for reducing the barrier between a given start state and an intended goal state with the help of cognitive activities and behavior. Start state, intended goal state, and barriers prove complexity, change dynamically over time, and can be partially intransparent. In contrast to solving simple problems, with complex problems at the beginning of a problem solution the exact features of the start state, of the intended goal state, and of the barriers are unknown. Complex problem solving expects the efficient interaction between the problem-solving person and situational conditions that depend on the task. It demands …
Complex Problem Solving: More Than Reasoning?, Sascha Wüstenberg, Samuel Greiff, Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving: More Than Reasoning?, Sascha Wüstenberg, Samuel Greiff, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
This study investigates the internal structure and construct validity of Complex Problem Solving (CPS), which is measured by a Multiple-Item-Approach. It is tested, if (a) three facets of CPS – rule identification (adequateness of strategies), rule knowledge (generated knowledge) and rule application (ability to control a system) – can be empirically distinguished, how (b) reasoning is related to these CPS-facets and if (c) CPS shows incremental validity in predicting school grade point average (GPA) beyond reasoning. N=222 university students completed MicroDYN, a computer-based CPS test and Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices. Analysis including structural equation models showed that a 2-dimensionsal model …
Dynamic Problem Solving: A New Assessment Perspective, Samuel Greiff, Sascha Wüstenberg, Joachim Funke
Dynamic Problem Solving: A New Assessment Perspective, Samuel Greiff, Sascha Wüstenberg, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
This article addresses two unsolved measurement issues in dynamic problem solving (DPS) research: (a) unsystematic construction of DPS tests making a comparison of results obtained in different studies difficult and (b) use of time-intensive single tasks leading to severe reliability problems. To solve these issues, the MicroDYN approach is presented, which combines (a) the formal framework of linear structural equation models as a systematic way to construct tasks with (b) multiple and independent tasks to increase reliability. Results indicated that the assumed measurement model that comprised three dimensions, information retrieval, model building, and forecasting, fitted the data well (n = …
Measuring Performance In A Complex Problem Solving Task: Reliability And Validity Of The Tailorshop Simulation, Daniel Danner, Dirk Hagemann, Daniel V. Holt, Marieke Hager, Andrea Schankin, Sascha Wüstenberg, Joachim Funke
Measuring Performance In A Complex Problem Solving Task: Reliability And Validity Of The Tailorshop Simulation, Daniel Danner, Dirk Hagemann, Daniel V. Holt, Marieke Hager, Andrea Schankin, Sascha Wüstenberg, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
The Tailorshop simulation is a computer based complex problem solving task in which participants have to lead a fictional company for twelve months. The present study investigated if the performance in the Tailorshop simulation can be measured reliably and validly. The participants were 156 employees from different companies. Structural equation models were used to test tau-congeneric and tau-equivalent measurement models. The results indicate that the trends of the total capital between the second and the twelfth month are reliable measurements. Furthermore, this measure can predict real-life job performance ratings by superiors and is associated with the performance in another complex …
Beyond Iq. A Latent State-Trait Analysis Of General Intelligence, Dynamic Decision Making, And Implicit Learning, Daniel Danner, Dirk Hagemann, Andrea Schankin, Marieke Hager, Joachim Funke
Beyond Iq. A Latent State-Trait Analysis Of General Intelligence, Dynamic Decision Making, And Implicit Learning, Daniel Danner, Dirk Hagemann, Andrea Schankin, Marieke Hager, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
The present study investigated cognitive performance measures beyond IQ. In particular, we investigated the psychometric properties of dynamic decision making variables and implicit learning variables and their relation with general intelligence and professional success. N=173 employees from different companies and occupational groups completed two standard intelligence tests, two dynamic decision making tasks, and two implicit learning tasks at two measurement occasions. We used structural equation models to test latent-state-trait measurement models and the relation between constructs. The results suggest that dynamic decision making and implicit learning are substantially related with general intelligence. Furthermore, general intelligence is the best predictor for …
The Challenge Of Complexity For Cognitive Systems, Ute Schmid, Marco Ragni, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Joachim Funke
The Challenge Of Complexity For Cognitive Systems, Ute Schmid, Marco Ragni, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex cognition adresses research on (a) high-level cognitive processes – mainly problem solving, reasoning, and decision making – and their interaction with more basic processes such as perception, learning, motivation and emotion and (b) cognitive processes which take place in a complex, typically dynamic, environment. Our focus is on AI systems and cognitive models dealing with complexity and on psychological findings which can inspire or challenge cognitive systems research. In this overview we first motivate why we have to go beyond models for rather simple cognitive processes and reductionist experiments. Afterwards, we give a characterization of complexity from our perspective. …
Optimization As An Analysis Tool For Human Complex Decision Making, Sebastian Sager, Carola M. Barth, Holger Diedam, Michael Engelhart, Joachim Funke
Optimization As An Analysis Tool For Human Complex Decision Making, Sebastian Sager, Carola M. Barth, Holger Diedam, Michael Engelhart, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
We present a problem class of mixed-integer nonlinear programs (MINLPs) with nonconvex continuous relaxations which stem from economic test scenarios that are used in the analysis of human complex problem solving. In a round-based scenario participants hold an executive function. A posteriori a performance indicator is calculated and correlated to personal measures such as intelligence, working memory, or emotion regulation. Altogether, we investigate 2088 optimization problems that differ in size and initial conditions, based on real-world experimental data from 12 rounds of 174 participants. The goals are twofold. First, from the optimal solutions we gain additional insight into a complex …
The Plan-A-Day Approach To Measuring Planning Ability In Patients With Schizophrenia, Daniel V. Holt, Katlehn Rodewald, Mirjam Rentrop, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, Stefan Kaiser
The Plan-A-Day Approach To Measuring Planning Ability In Patients With Schizophrenia, Daniel V. Holt, Katlehn Rodewald, Mirjam Rentrop, Joachim Funke, Matthias Weisbrod, Stefan Kaiser
Joachim Funke
Deficits in executive functioning are closely related to the level of everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia. However, many existing neuropsychological measures are limited in their ability to predict functional outcome. To contribute to closing this gap, we developed a computer-based test of planning ability (“Plan-a-Day”), that requires participants to create daily activity schedules in a simulated work setting. Eighty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were tested with Plan-a-Day and a battery of cognitive ability tests. Plan-a-Day showed satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of consistency, reliability and construct validity. Compared to other neuropsychological tests used in this study, it also demonstrated …
Complex Problem Solving: A Case For Complex Cognition?, Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving: A Case For Complex Cognition?, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Complex problem solving (CPS) emerged in the last 30 years in Europe as a new part of the psychology of thinking and problem solving. This paper introduces into the field and provides a personal view. Also, related concepts like macrocognition or operative intelligence will be explained in this context. Two examples for the assessment of CPS, Tailorshop and MicroDYN, are presented to illustrate the concept by means of their measurement devices. Also, the relation of complex cognition and emotion in the CPS context is discussed. The question if CPS requires complex cognition is answered with a tentative “yes.”
Negative Affective Environments Improve Complex Solving Performance, Carola M. Barth, Joachim Funke
Negative Affective Environments Improve Complex Solving Performance, Carola M. Barth, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
Based on recent affect-cognition theories (Bless et al., 1996; Fiedler, 2001; Sinclair, 1988), the present study predicts and shows a differentiated influence of nice and nasty environments on complex problem solving (CPS). Environments were constructed by manipulating the target value ‘capital’ of a complex scenario: Participants in the nice environment (N = 42) easily raised the capital and received positive feedback, whereas those in the nasty environment (N = 42) hardly enhanced the capital and got negative feedback. The results showed that nasty environments increased negative and decreased positive affect. The reverse was true for nice environments. Furthermore, nasty environments …
You Cannot Have Your Cake And Eat It, Too: How Induced Goal Conflicts Affect Complex Problem Solving, Joachim Funke, Christine Blech
You Cannot Have Your Cake And Eat It, Too: How Induced Goal Conflicts Affect Complex Problem Solving, Joachim Funke, Christine Blech
Joachim Funke
Managing multiple and conflicting goals is a demand typical to both everyday life and complex coordination tasks. Two experiments (N = 111) investigated how goal conflicts affect motivation and cognition in a complex problemsolving paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants dealt with a game-like computer simulation involving a predefined goal relation: Parallel goals were independent, mutually facilitating, or interfering with one another. As expected, goal conflicts entailed lowered motivation and wellbeing. Participants' understanding of causal effects within the simulation was impaired, too. Behavioral measures of subjects' interventions support the idea of adaptive, self-regulatory processes: reduced action with growing awareness of the …
On The Psychology Of Creativity, Joachim Funke
Introduction: On The Spatiality Of Creativity, Peter Meusburger, Joachim Funke, Edgar Wunder
Introduction: On The Spatiality Of Creativity, Peter Meusburger, Joachim Funke, Edgar Wunder
Joachim Funke
The concept of creativity used to be seen entirely as an entity depending on the faculties of individuals. Research on creativity in psychology, philosophy, and art criticism focused on the attributes of geniuses, gifted persons, creative artists and scientists, and creative performance and problem-solving. Eventually, researchers acknowledged that the creative scientist or artist does not work in a social, cultural, and economic vacuum. l t was accepted that creative individuals are inspired or impeded by societal and organizational structures and that they depend on evaluators, audiences, and research infrastructure. lt was recognized that such people may meet with incomprehension, competition, …
Risk-Specific Search For Risk-Defusing Operators, Martina Wilke, Heike Haug, Joachim Funke
Risk-Specific Search For Risk-Defusing Operators, Martina Wilke, Heike Haug, Joachim Funke
Joachim Funke
According to the concept of “active risk-defusing behavior”, decision makers in risky situations look for additional actions that reduce risk and allow them to favor the more risky alternative. Our study demonstrates that risk-defusing behavior depends on the type of risk (normal, medium, catastrophic or global) as well as on the domain (health, economy or ecology). In total, 12 scenarios (four risk types from three risk domains each) were constructed. Using the interview techniques of active information search and thinking-aloud, 120 interviews about decision-making processes with these scenarios were conducted. They showed that the active search for different risk-defusing operators …
Complex Problem Solving: The European Perspective - 10 Years After, Joachim Funke, Peter A. Frensch
Complex Problem Solving: The European Perspective - 10 Years After, Joachim Funke, Peter A. Frensch
Joachim Funke
Complex Problem Solving (CPS) is a term that was introduced about 30 years ago in Germany by Dietrich Dörner. This movement established not only a new type of problem to be studied, a type that differed from “simple” problem solving in terms of complexity, temporal dynamics, and other attributes, but also a new method, namely, the use of computer-simulated microworlds. In this chapter, we focus on some of the issues that have been at the center of attention in the complex problem solving literature during the last years. The chapter is divided into four parts. In the first part, we …